Forcipulatida

The Forcipulatida are an order of sea stars, containing three families and 49 genera.

Forcipulatida
Asterias rubens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Superorder: Forcipulatacea
Order: Forcipulatida
Families

See Text

Description

Forcipulatids share with the brisingid sea stars distinctive pedicellariae, consisting of a short stalk with three skeletal ossicles. Unlike that group, however, the forcipulatids tend to have more robust bodies.[1] The order includes some well-known species, such as the common starfish, Asterias rubens.

Phylogeny

The order is divided into three families:[2]

World Register of Marine Species gives another taxonomy, with 7 families and 64 genera:

  • Family Asteriidae Gray, 1840
  • Family Heliasteridae Viguier, 1878
  • Family Pedicellasteridae Perrier, 1884
  • Family Pycnopodiidae Fisher, 1928
  • Family Stichasteridae
  • Family Zoroasteridae Sladen, 1889

A 2020 study involving phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron microscopy of the skeleton and ossicles of taxa from the superorder Forcipulatacea recovered Asteriidae, Stichasteridae, Zoroasteridae, and Brisingida as monophyletic.[3]

See also

References
  1. Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 948. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
  2. McKnight, D.G. (2006). Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 120: 1-187.
  3. Fau, Marine; Villier, Loïc (2020). "Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): insights from ossicle morphology". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 189 (3): 921–952. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz127.

Further reading
  • Mah, C. & D. Foltz. (2011). Molecular Phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata): systematics and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(3): 646-660
  • Sladen, W.P. (1889). Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 30(51): xlii + 893 pages 118 plates.


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