G8+5

The Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) was an international group that consisted of the leaders of the heads of government from the G8 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), plus the heads of government of the five leading emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa). In March 2014, Russia was cast out of the Group of 8 due to its involvement in the 2014 Crimea crisis in Ukraine,[1] so the G8+5 in its original form is unlikely to reconvene with Russia present.

Group of Eight + Five
Map of G8 countries

 Canada

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau

 France

President Emmanuel Macron

 Germany

Chancellor Angela Merkel

 Italy

Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte

 Japan

Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga

 Russia (Suspended)

President Vladimir Putin

 United Kingdom

Prime Minister Boris Johnson

 United States

President Joe Biden

 European Union

Council President Charles Michel
Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

 Brazil

President Jair Bolsonaro

 China

President Xi Jinping [note 1]

 India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi

 Mexico

President Andrés Manuel López Obrador

 South Africa

President Cyril Ramaphosa

February 2007 declaration
See also: Post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions

On February 16, 2007, The Global Legislators Organisation (GLOBE International) held a meeting of the G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue at the GLOBE Washington Legislators Forum in Washington, D.C., where a non-binding agreement was reached to cooperate on tackling global warming. The group accepted that the existence of man-made climate change was beyond doubt, and that there should be a global system of emission caps and carbon emissions trading applying to both industrialized nations and developing countries. The group hoped this policy to be in place by 2009, to supersede the Kyoto Protocol, the first phase of which expires in 2012.[2][3]

Foundation

The G8+5 group was formed in 2005 when Tony Blair, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in his role as host of the 31st G8 summit at Gleneagles, Scotland, invited the leading emerging countries to join the talks. The hope was that this would form a stronger and more representative group that would inject fresh impetus into the trade talks at Doha, and the need to achieve a deeper cooperation on climate change.

Following the meeting, the countries issued a joint statement looking to build a "new paradigm for international cooperation" in the future.

The G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue was launched on February 24, 2006, by the (GLOBE)[4] in partnership with the Com+ alliance of communicators for sustainable development.[5]

Institutionalization

Following the 33rd G8 summit Heiligendamm 2007, German chancellor Angela Merkel announced the establishment of the "Heiligendamm Process" through which the full institutionalization of the permanent dialogue between the G8 countries and the five greatest emerging economies will be implemented. This will include the establishment of a common G8 and G5 platform at the OECD. (see: "Die G8 – Akteure in einer globalen Entwicklungspartnerschaft; https://web.archive.org/web/20080217222220/http://www.bmz.de/de/service/infothek/fach/spezial/index.html)

Most recently on August 28, 2007, former French president Nicolas Sarkozy in a foreign policy statement proposed that Brazil, China, India, Mexico and South Africa should become members of G8: "The G8 can't meet for two days and the G13 for just two hours.... That doesn't seem fitting, given the power of these five emerging countries." Nevertheless, as of 2008, a formal enlargement of the G8 is not a realistic political option, since the G8 member states have diverging positions on this issue. The United States and Japan have been against enlargement, the United Kingdom and France actively in favour, and Italy, Germany, Russia and Canada are reserved on the issue..

Current leaders

(The following list is in alphabetical order by nation)

See also

Notes
  1. The de jure head of government of China is the Premier, whose current holder is Li Keqiang. The President of China is legally a ceremonial office, but the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (de facto leader) has always held this office since 1993 except for the months of transition, and the current paramount leader is Xi Jinping.

References
  1. Smale, Alison; Shear, Michael D. (2014-03-24). "Russia Is Ousted From Group of 8 by U.S. and Allies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-10-15.
  2. BBC: Politicians sign new climate pact, February 16, 2007
  3. Guardian Unlimited: Global leaders reach climate change agreement
  4. GLOBE international Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Com+ alliance
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