Grand Island, Nebraska

Grand Island is a city in and the county seat of Hall County, Nebraska, United States.[5] The population was 48,520 at the 2010 census.[6]

For the nearby island in the Platte River, see Grand Island (Nebraska).

Grand Island, Nebraska
City
Hall County Courthouse in Grand Island
Location of Grand Island in County and State
Coordinates: 40°55′20″N 98°21′29″W
CountryUnited States
StateNebraska
CountyHall
Area
 • Total29.89 sq mi (77.41 km2)
 • Land29.69 sq mi (76.89 km2)
 • Water0.20 sq mi (0.51 km2)
Elevation
1,860 ft (567 m)
Population
 • Total48,520
 • Estimate 
(2019)[3]
51,267
 • Density1,726.86/sq mi (666.75/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP code
68801-68803
Area code308
FIPS code31-19595
GNIS feature ID0829622 [4]
Websitegrand-island.com

Grand Island is the principal city of the Grand Island metropolitan area, which consists of Hall, Merrick, Howard and Hamilton counties. The Grand Island metropolitan area has an official population of 83,472 residents.[7]

Grand Island has been given the All-America City Award three times (1955, 1967, and 1981–82) by the National Civic League.

Grand Island is home to the Nebraska Law Enforcement Training Center, which is the sole agency responsible for training law enforcement officers throughout the state, as well as the home of the Southern Power District serving southern Nebraska.

History

In 1857, 35 German settlers left Davenport, Iowa, and headed west to Nebraska to start a new settlement on an island[8] known by French traders as La Grande Isle, which was formed by the Wood River and the Platte River. The settlers reached their destination on July 4, 1857, and by September had built housing using local timber. Over the next nine years, the settlers had to overcome many hardships, including blizzards and conflicts with Native Americans.[9] They set up farms but initially had no market to sell their goods until a market opened at Fort Kearny. When the Pike's Peak Gold Rush began, Grand Island was the last place travelers could obtain supplies before they crossed the plains.[8]

Grand Island, 1867

Surveyors from the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) laid out a town called Grand Island Station and many settlers living on Grand Island moved to the new town, located slightly inland from the island.[10] In 1868 the railroad reached the area, bringing increased trade and business. Grand Island became the end of the east division of the railroad and UP built service facilities for their locomotives in the town as well as an elegant hotel for passengers providing a boost for the local economy. The cost of the railroad coming into town was the denudement of most of the hardwood trees on the island for use as ties for the railroad.[8] By 1870, 1,057 people lived in the town and in 1872 the town was incorporated as Grand Island.[9]

In about 1890, sugar beets were introduced as a crop in Nebraska. The first sugar beet processing factory in the United States was built in the southwest part of Grand Island.[9]

1980 tornadoes
Main article: 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak

On June 3, 1980, Grand Island was hit by a massive supercell storm. Through the course of the evening, the city was ravaged by seven tornadoes, the worst of which was rated F4 on the Fujita Scale. The hardest hit area of town was the South Locust business district. There were five deaths as a result of the tornadoes.

Tornado Hill is a local landmark created as a direct result of the tornadoes. Debris that could not be recycled was burned near Fonner Park and what remained was buried within Ryder Park, on the west end of town. The base of the hill was a hole 6–8 feet deep and nearly 200 feet across, and the hill is 40 feet high. It is used for sledding in this otherwise flat area.[11]

A book, Night of the Twisters, by Ivy Ruckman, and movie were based on this event.[12]

Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 28.55 square miles (73.94 km2), of which 28.41 square miles (73.58 km2) is land and 0.14 square miles (0.36 km2) is water.[13]

Climate data for Grand Island, Nebraska (Central Nebraska Regional Airport), 1981–2010 normals,[lower-alpha 1] extremes 1895–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 76
(24)		 80
(27)		 90
(32)		 98
(37)		 104
(40)		 108
(42)		 117
(47)		 112
(44)		 109
(43)		 97
(36)		 88
(31)		 80
(27)		 117
(47)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 60.6
(15.9)		 65.1
(18.4)		 76.0
(24.4)		 86.5
(30.3)		 90.8
(32.7)		 97.0
(36.1)		 100.8
(38.2)		 98.7
(37.1)		 93.9
(34.4)		 85.5
(29.7)		 72.4
(22.4)		 59.8
(15.4)		 102.3
(39.1)
Average high °F (°C) 35.8
(2.1)		 39.8
(4.3)		 51.1
(10.6)		 63.2
(17.3)		 72.7
(22.6)		 83.2
(28.4)		 87.7
(30.9)		 85.4
(29.7)		 78.0
(25.6)		 64.8
(18.2)		 49.4
(9.7)		 36.9
(2.7)		 62.4
(16.9)
Average low °F (°C) 14.4
(−9.8)		 18.4
(−7.6)		 27.6
(−2.4)		 37.9
(3.3)		 49.6
(9.8)		 59.4
(15.2)		 64.7
(18.2)		 62.6
(17.0)		 52.3
(11.3)		 39.6
(4.2)		 26.8
(−2.9)		 16.4
(−8.7)		 39.3
(4.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −6
(−21)		 −3.1
(−19.5)		 7.5
(−13.6)		 22.0
(−5.6)		 35.3
(1.8)		 46.6
(8.1)		 53.7
(12.1)		 51.2
(10.7)		 35.6
(2.0)		 22.5
(−5.3)		 9.1
(−12.7)		 −3.3
(−19.6)		 −13.2
(−25.1)
Record low °F (°C) −29
(−34)		 −34
(−37)		 −21
(−29)		 −1
(−18)		 22
(−6)		 36
(2)		 42
(6)		 38
(3)		 20
(−7)		 6
(−14)		 −11
(−24)		 −26
(−32)		 −34
(−37)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.53
(13)		 0.68
(17)		 1.80
(46)		 2.53
(64)		 4.41
(112)		 4.30
(109)		 3.40
(86)		 3.12
(79)		 2.23
(57)		 1.86
(47)		 1.17
(30)		 0.63
(16)		 26.66
(677)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 6.5
(17)		 6.3
(16)		 5.4
(14)		 1.5
(3.8)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.1
(0.25)		 1.0
(2.5)		 3.1
(7.9)		 5.1
(13)		 29.0
(74)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 5.1 5.1 7.1 8.4 11.6 10.5 8.8 8.2 7.0 6.6 5.3 5.0 88.7
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 4.4 3.6 2.6 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 2.1 3.7 17.8
Source: NOAA[14][15]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18701,057—
18802,963180.3%
18907,536154.3%
19007,5540.2%
191010,32636.7%
192013,94735.1%
193018,04129.4%
194019,1306.0%
195022,68218.6%
196025,74213.5%
197032,35825.7%
198033,1802.5%
199039,38618.7%
200042,9409.0%
201048,52013.0%
2019 (est.)51,267[3]5.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]
2018 Estimate[17]

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 48,520 people, 18,326 households, and 11,846 families living in the city. The population density was 1,707.8 inhabitants per square mile (659.4/km2). There were 19,426 housing units at an average density of 683.8 per square mile (264.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 80.0% White, 2.1% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 13.1% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 26.7% of the population.

There were 18,326 households, of which 35.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.5% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 35.4% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.20.

The median age in the city was 34.7 years. 27.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.7% were from 25 to 44; 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 42,940 people, 16,426 households, and 11,038 families living in the city. The population density was 2,000.2 people per square mile (772.2/km2). There were 17,421 housing units at an average density of 811.5 per square mile (313.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.72% White, 0.42% African American, 0.33% Native American, 1.31% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 9.64% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 15.94% of the population.

There were 16,426 households, out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 10.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.8% were non-families. 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $36,044, and the median income for a family was $43,197. Males had a median income of $28,925 versus $20,521 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,071. About 9.9% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

Environmental issues

Construction of a primary water detention cell for flood control by the Central Platte River Natural Resources District, the city of Grand Island, Hall County, and Merrick County has been delayed by the slow cleanup of burning grounds with buried and unexploded gravel mines on the grounds of the former Cornhusker Army Ammunition Plant.[18]

In 1981, a plume of contaminated groundwater was discovered beneath the plant area, which occupies 20 square miles west of Grand Island. The plume extended to northeast of the plant for about five miles and migrated towards Grand Island. RDX was discovered at 371 parts per billion (ppb) and TNT at 445 ppb on the plant site and just over 100 ppb off-site. The safe drinking water standard for RDX and TNT is only 2 ppb. [18]

Cornhusker had produced bombs and explosives during World War II, the Korean War and Vietnam War, and had been put on standby status in October 1973. During munitions production, wastewater contaminated with explosives, and explosives-contaminated mops, buckets, and other equipment were buried in 56 earthen surface impoundments. Dried solids were periodically scraped from the impoundments and taken to the burning grounds for incineration and burial. After the discovery of contaminated groundwater in 1981, the Army extended Grand Island city water lines to rural subdivisions (that as of 2014 are part of the Capital Heights and Le Heights areas) in 1985 because wells may have exposed residents to the contaminated water. In 1987, the Army burned about 40,000 tons of explosives-contaminated soil. In 1993, city water lines in northwest and north-central Grand Island were extended. In 1998, a pump-and-treat facility that continues to operate was built to cycle contaminated water through an explosives residue-removal system and discharge it as clean water into Silver Creek. The Army injected "hot spots" of contamination with a molasses-based substance containing bacteria present under the T&E Cattle Company feedlot to more quickly degrade RDX and TNT, which supposedly helped lower contamination levels.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the sites of bomb production lines (the so-called load line structures), were cleared and burned. As of 2014, TNT is still present at 30 ppb, and 7 ppb for RDX in the hot spot under load line 1.[18]

As of 2014, the most heavily-contaminated areas at Cornhusker are the burning grounds with buried and unexploded gravel mines. Their excavation proceeds very slowly, sifting one cubic yard at a time, because of the explosives' shock sensitivity. Excavation is expected to finish by January 2015, followed by environmental testing, estimated to take 24 to 36 months.[18]

State Fair

In 2010 Grand Island became the home of the Nebraska State Fair.[19]

Transportation

Interstate 80 is located four miles south of the city. U.S. Route 281 is the main north–south route in the city, running through the city's west edge south to Hastings, and north to O'Neill. U.S. Route 30 runs east–west through the center of Grand Island.

Central Nebraska Regional Airport is located in Grand Island. On September 4, 2008, Allegiant Air began nonstop service from Grand Island to Las Vegas, Nevada. In June 2011, American Eagle Airlines began providing service to Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas, twice daily.[20]

The city's transit system is entirely demand-responsive, with rides requiring reservation 24 hours in advance.[21]

Radio stations
Main article: Media in Grand Island, Nebraska

Hospitals

As of 2017, Grand Island was served by CHI Health St. Francis hospital, with 159 beds.[22]

Education

School districts

High schools

Colleges

Notable people

See also
  • Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on the meat industry in the United States

References
  1. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  3. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  4. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  5. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Nebraska's 2010 Census Population Totals, Including First Look at Race and Hispanic Origin Data for Legislative Redistricting". =Census 2010 News. United States Census Bureau. March 11, 2011. Archived from the original on October 17, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  7. "Grand Island, you are officially a metro area". Omaha World Herald. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  8. Bowman, J. R. (1882). Shearer, Frederick E. (ed.). The Pacific tourist. J.R. Bowman's illustrated transcontinental guide of travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. New York: J.R. Bowman. p. 26. OCLC 752667534. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  9. "The Pioneer Spirit". City of Grand Island, Nebraska. 2011. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  10. "History". City of Grand Island, Nebraska. 2011. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  11. Frisvold, Brad (2011). "The Real Night of the Twisters". gitwisters.com. Grand Island, NE: The Independent. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  12. O'Neill, Colleen (2011). "The Real Night of the Twisters". gitwisters.com. Grand Island, NE: The Independent. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  13. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  14. "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  15. "NE GRAND ISLAND CENTRAL NE REGIONAL AP". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
  16. United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  17. "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
  18. Tracy Overstreet (December 10, 2014). "Off-site RDX contamination cleanup completed". Grand Island Independent. BH Media Group Holdings, Inc. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  19. "Nebraska State Fair". Nebraska State Fair Park. Archived from the original on October 14, 2009. Retrieved October 2, 2009.
  20. "Newsroom - Home - American Airlines Group, Inc". Hub.aa.com. Archived from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
  21. "Transit - City of Grand Island, NE". www.grand-island.com. Archived from the original on January 2, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
  22. State of Nebraska Roster Hospitals Archived 2017-12-07 at the Wayback Machine, p. 9. Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
  23. Bain, David Haward (2004). The Old Iron Road: An Epic of Rails, Roads, and the Urge to Go West. New York City, New York: Penguin Books. pp. 60–2. ISBN 0-14-303526-6.
  24. "Former G.I. resident Rebecca Richards-Kortum named MacArthur ‘Genius'". Grand Island Independent. September 23, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
  25. "Soldier-Lawyer of Utah is Dead". The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, UT. February 1, 1920. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Adams, Clay, Hall and Hamilton Counties, Nebraska. Chicago, IL: Goodspeed Publishing Co. 1890. pp. 702–703 – via HathiTrust.
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