Gynacantha

Gynacantha is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae.[2] The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment.[3] This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners; they are also known as duskhawkers.

Gynacantha
Black-kneed duskhawker Gynacantha bullata
female, Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Infraorder: Anisoptera
Family: Aeshnidae
Genus: Gynacantha
Rambur, 1842[1]

Species

The genus Gynacantha includes the following species:[4][5]

  • Gynacantha adela Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha africana (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) - Giant Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha albistyla Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha alcathoe Lieftinck, 1961
  • Gynacantha apiaensis Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha apicalis Fraser, 1924
  • Gynacantha arnaudi Asahina, 1984
  • Gynacantha arsinoe Lieftinck, 1948
  • Gynacantha arthuri Lieftinck, 1953
  • Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha bainbriggei Fraser, 1922
  • Gynacantha bartai Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005
  • Gynacantha basiguttata Selys, 1882
  • Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 (= G. furcata?)
  • Gynacantha bifida Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha biharica Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha bispina Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha bullata Karsch, 1891 - Black-kneed Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha burmana Lieftinck, 1960
  • Gynacantha calliope Lieftinck, 1953
  • Gynacantha calypso Ris, 1915
  • Gynacantha cattienensis Kompier & Holden, 2017
  • Gynacantha caudata Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha chelifera McLachlan, 1895
  • Gynacantha comorensis Couteyen & Papazian, 2009
  • Gynacantha constricta Hämäläinen, 1991
  • Gynacantha convergens Förster, 1908
  • Gynacantha corbeti Lempert, 1999
  • Gynacantha croceipennis Martin, 1897
  • Gynacantha cylindrata Karsch, 1891 - Greater girdled Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911
  • Gynacantha dobsoni Fraser, 1951 – lesser duskhawker[6]
  • Gynacantha dohrni Krüger, 1899
  • Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck, 1960
  • Gynacantha ereagris Gundlach, 1888
  • Gynacantha francesca (Martin, 1909)
  • Gynacantha furcata Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha gracilis (Burmeister, 1839)
  • Gynacantha helenga Williamson & Williamson, 1930
  • Gynacantha hova Fraser, 1956
  • Gynacantha hyalina Selys, 1882
  • Gynacantha immaculifrons Fraser, 1956 - Pale Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha incisura Fraser, 1935
  • Gynacantha interioris Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha japonica Bartenev, 1909
  • Gynacantha jessei Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha khasiaca McLachlan, 1896
  • Gynacantha kirbyi Krüger, 1898 – slender duskhawker[6]
  • Gynacantha klagesi Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha laticeps Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha limbalis Karsch, 1892
  • Gynacantha litoralis Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha maclachlani Förster, 1899
  • Gynacantha malgassica Fraser, 1962
  • Gynacantha manderica Grünberg, 1902 – little duskhawker[7]
  • Gynacantha membranalis Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha mexicana Selys, 1868 – bar-sided darner[3][8]
  • Gynacantha mocsaryi Förster, 1898 – paddle-tipped duskhawker[6]
  • Gynacantha musa Karsch, 1892
  • Gynacantha nausicaa Ris, 1915
  • Gynacantha nervosa Rambur, 1842 – twilight darner[9]
  • Gynacantha nigeriensis (Gambles, 1956) – yellow-legged duskhawker[8][10]
  • Gynacantha nourlangie Theischinger & Watson, 1991 – cave duskhawker[6]
  • Gynacantha odoneli Fraser, 1922
  • Gynacantha pasiphae Lieftinck, 1948
  • Gynacantha penelope Ris, 1915
  • Gynacantha phaeomeria Lieftinck, 1960
  • Gynacantha radama Fraser, 1956
  • Gynacantha rammohani Mitra & Lahiri, 1975
  • Gynacantha remartinia Navás, 1934
  • Gynacantha risi Laidlaw, 1931
  • Gynacantha rolandmuelleri Hämäläinen, 1991
  • Gynacantha rosenbergi Kaup in Brauer, 1867 – grey duskhawker[6]
  • Gynacantha rotundata Navás, 1930
  • Gynacantha ryukyuensis Asahina, 1962
  • Gynacantha saltatrix Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha sextans McLachlan, 1896 - Dark-rayed Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha stenoptera Lieftinck, 1934
  • Gynacantha stevensoni Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha stylata Martin, 1896
  • Gynacantha subinterrupta Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha tenuis Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha tibiata Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909 – Usambara duskhawker[11]
  • Gynacantha vargasi Haber, 2019
  • Gynacantha vesiculata Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha villosa Grünberg, 1902 – hairy duskhawker[12]

References
  1. Rambur, Jules (1842). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Névroptères. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. pp. 534 [209] – via Internet Archive.
  2. "Genus Gynacantha Rambur, 1842". Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study. 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
  3. Paulson, Dennis R. (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12281-4.
  4. Martin Schorr; Dennis Paulson. "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. Retrieved 12 Oct 2018.
  5. Haber, William A. (2019-05-28). "Gynacantha vargasi (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) sp. nov. from Costa Rica". Zootaxa. 4612 (1): 58–70. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.3. ISSN 1175-5334.
  6. Theischinger, G.; Hawking, J. (2006). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-09073-8.
  7. Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Gynacantha manderica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  8. "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  9. Paulson, D. R. (2007). "Gynacantha nervosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  10. Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Gynacantha nigeriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  11. Clausnitzer, V. & Suhling, F. (2010). "Gynacantha usambarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T59879A12114020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T59879A12114020.en.
  12. Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Gynacantha villosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
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