HQ-16

The HQ-16 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-16; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-16; pinyin: Hóng Qí-16; lit. 'Red Banner-16') is a medium range semi-active radar homing surface-to-air missile developed by the People's Republic of China.

HQ-16
HQ-16A firing vehicle
TypeSurface-to-air missile
Place of originChina
Service history
In service2011 – present
Used byChina, Pakistan
Production history
ManufacturerChina Precision Machinery Import-Export Corporation (CPMIEC)
Specifications
Mass650 kg
Length5.2 m
Diameter0.34 m
Warhead70 kg warhead
Detonation
mechanism
impact / proximity
Enginerocket motor
Propellantsolid fuel
Operational
range
40 km (HQ-16/HQ-16A)
70 km (HQ-16B)
Flight altitude15 m to 18 km
Maximum speed Mach 3
Guidance
system
Semi-active radar homing
Launch
platform
Taian TA5350 TEL, ships

Development

Development of the HQ-16 began in 2005 as a joint development with Russian company Almaz-Antey, based on the older Buk-M1 and Buk-2M Surface-to-air missile systems.[1][2]

In 2011, development was completed and the HQ-16 was officially inducted into service.[3]

In 2016, an upgraded version named HQ-16B was unveiled. Due to an improved rocket motor and revised wings, the range was increased to 70 km. The upgraded version also appeared to have a longer body.[4]

Design
HQ-16A missiles in the vertical launching position

A typical formation consists of one command vehicle, one search radar vehicle, 3 radar guidance vehicles and 12 launch vehicles. Each launch vehicle carries up to 6 missiles. Technical support equipment includes missile transportation and loading vehicle, power supply vehicle, maintenance vehicle, and missile-test equipment. A single radar guidance vehicle controls two to four launch vehicles with six missiles ready to launch. The command vehicle is responsible to send target information and combat orders.[5]

Missile

The HQ-16 missile weighs 650 kg, has a length of 5.2 m and a diameter of 0.34 m. It can intercept flying aerial targets at altitudes of 15 m to 18 km. Maximum interception range for aircraft is 40 km, between 3.5 km and 12 km for cruise missiles flying at 300 m/s. The manufacturer claims the single shot kill probability is 85% against aircraft and 60% against cruise missiles. The missile has a speed of 1200 m/s.[6]

The missile guidance system comprises inertial guidance and semi-active radar homing at the terminal phase.[7]

It was reported that the naval variant of the missile was designed to intercept sea-skimming missiles that can fly less than ten meters above the surface.[8]

Radar

A typical formation consists of one search radar vehicle and 3 radar guidance vehicles.

The search radar vehicle is equipped with an IBIS 150 S-band, 3D, PESA radar mounted on a mast. When the target is detected, the search radar performs automatic IFF (Identification Friend-or-Foe), threat judgment, flight path processing and provide target engagement information to the tracking-and-guidance radar. The search radar has a range of 140 km and can detect targets flying at an altitude of 20 km. It can detect up to 144 targets and track 48 simultaneously.[9]

The radar guidance vehicle is equipped with an L band PESA that controls the missile launching and target illumination after the missile is fired. The radar has a range of 85 km and can detect up to 6 targets, track 4 simultaneously and provide fire control for 8 missiles.[10]

Launch vehicle

The launch vehicle is a Taian TA5350 6×6 high-mobility truck developed by Taian Special Vehicle Company. It is powered by a 250hp Deutz AG BF6M1015 turbocharged diesel engine produced under license in China. The vehicle has a maximum road speed of 85 km/h with a maximum road range of 1,000 km, and can climb a gradient of 60% and side slope of 30%. It can cross a vertical obstacle of 0.5 m, a trench of 0.6 m and has a fording depth of 1 m without preparation.[11]

Prior to firing, the wheels are lifted off the ground by 4 hydraulic jacks and the 6 missile canisters are tilted back to a vertical position. The missiles use a cold launch system.[12]

Variants
HQ-16
Hot-launched ship-based variant. Credited with an interception range of 40 km.
HQ-16E/LY-80N
Export version of HQ-16. [13]
HQ-16A
Cold-launched land-based variant. Credited with a range of 40 km. [14]
HQ-16AE/LY-80
Export version of HQ-16A.
HQ-16B
Cold-launched land-based variant. Unveiled in 2016, the HQ-16B has been reported having a range of 70 km due to an improved rocket motor and revised wings. [15]
HQ-16BE/LY-80
Export version of HQ-16B. [16]

Deployment
VLS launchers carrying the HQ-16 on a Type 054A frigate

The HQ-16A has been adopted by the People's Liberation Army Ground Force as one its main surface-to-air missiles. Additionally, its naval version HQ-16 is deployed on PLA Navy ships such as the Type 054A frigates.

During IDEAS 2014, Pakistan announced that it had ordered three HQ-16AE/LY-80 systems and eight IBIS-150 radars for US$225.77 million and $40 million, respectively. In 2014–2015, Pakistan followed up with a $373.23 million order for six additional HQ-16AE systems.

On 12 March 2017, Pakistan announced that it had fully inducted the LY-80 into service.[17]

During the 2-week long Al-Bayza military exercise in 2019, Pakistan test-fired the LY-80 missile.[18]

Operators

Current operators

Future operators

References
  1. http://www.military-today.com/missiles/hq16.htm
  2. https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-16a_ly-80_ground_to_air_defence_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html
  3. https://www.armyrecognition.com/september_2011_news_defense_army_military_industry/the_new_ground-to-air_missile_system_hq-16_has_entered_service_in_the_chinese_army_3009111.html
  4. http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2016-09/13/content_7256402.htm
  5. https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-16a_ly-80_ground_to_air_defence_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html
  6. https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-16a_ly-80_ground_to_air_defence_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html
  7. https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-16a_ly-80_ground_to_air_defence_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html
  8. https://www.armyrecognition.com/september_2011_news_defense_army_military_industry/the_new_ground-to-air_missile_system_hq-16_has_entered_service_in_the_chinese_army_3009111.html
  9. https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/todays-missile-threat/china/china-anti-access-area-denial/hq-16/#_edn11
  10. https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-16a_ly-80_ground_to_air_defence_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html
  11. https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/todays-missile-threat/china/china-anti-access-area-denial/hq-16/#_edn11
  12. https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_chinese_army_missile_systems_vehicles/hq-16a_ly-80_ground_to_air_defence_missile_system_technical_data_sheet_specifications_pictures_video.html
  13. "LY-80N （HQ-16E） Ship-to-air Missile Weapon System/LY-80N （HQ-16E） 舰空导弹武器系统". sast.net. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  14. Hawker, Luke (24 April 2020). "Pakistan move surface to air missile to border with India - shock satellite pictures". express.co.uk. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  15. Fisher, Richard D. Jr.; Gibson, Neil (7 September 2016). "China develops longer-range HQ-16 SAM variant". janes.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  16. "LY-80 （HQ-16BE） Medium Range Surface-to-air Missile Weapon System/LY-80（HQ-16BE）中程防空导弹武器系统". sast.net. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  17. https://quwa.org/2017/03/13/pakistan-formally-inducts-ly-80-hq-16-air-defence-system/
  18. https://www.dawn.com/news/1456708
  19. https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE#%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0
  • 19960619, National Air Intelligence Center (NAIC): "Lieh Ying: The Chinese-built Surface to Air Missile Weapon System", An Hua, NAIC-ID(RS)T-0253-96

See also
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