Haplogroup Q-L54

Haplogroup Q-L54 is a subclade of Y-DNA haplogroup Q-L53. Q1a3a-L54 is defined by the presence of the L54 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Haplogroup Q-L54
Possible place of origin	Eurasia
Ancestor	Q-L53
Descendants	Q-L330, Q-M3, Q-M971, Q-Z780, Q-L804
Defining mutations	L54

Distribution

Q-L54 has descendants across Western and Central Europe, the North and East of Asia, and the Americas. It includes two of the major pre-Columbian paternal lineages in the Americas: Q-M3 and Q-M971. The boy Anzick-1, who lived 12,600 years ago and was found in the state of Montana, has a Y-chromosome that refers to haplogroup Q-M971 (Q-L54*(xM3)).[1][2][3] Q-L54 descendant lines also include two Eurasian paternal lineages, the Central Asian Q-L330 lineage and the Scandinavian Q-L804. [4] Q-L804 is Scandinavian and the TMRCA is just over 3000 years.[5] Haplogroup Q‐L54 is dominant in two North Siberian populations, the Kets and Selkups, with frequencies of 97.7% and 66.7%, respectively.[6]

Associated SNP's

Q-L54 is currently defined by the L54 SNP alone.

Subgroups

Current status of the polygentic tree for Q-L54 is published by pinotti et. al in the article Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders. Calibrated phylogeny of Y haplogroup Q-L54.[7]

• L54
  • Q-L330
  • Q-MPB001 (18.9 kya)
    • Q-CTS1780
    • Q-M930
      • Q-L804
      • Q-M3 (15.0 kya)
        • Q-Y4308
        • Q-M848 (14.9 kya)

The 2013 version of the polygentic tree for haplogroup Q-L54 made by Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center: Proposed Tree.

• L54
  • M3, L341.2
    • M19
    • M194
    • M199, P106, P292
    • PAGES104, PAGES126
    • PAGES131
    • L663
    • SA01
    • L766, L767
    • L883, L884, L885, L886, L887
    • L888, L889, L890, L891
  • L804, L805
    • L807
  • Z780
    • L191
    • L400, L401
  • L456
  • L568, L569, L570, L571
    • L567
    • L619.1
  • L330, L334
    • L329, L332, L333

See also

• Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Y-DNA Q-M242 Subclades

• Q-M242
• Q-L275
• Q-L330
• Q-L717
• Q-L940
• Q-L53
• Q-L54
• Q-M120
• Q-M25
• Q-M3
• Q-M323
• Q-M346
• Q-NWT01
• Q-P89.1
• Q-Z780

Y-DNA Backbone Tree

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]
	"Y-chromosomal Adam"
		A00	A0-T [χ 3]
			A0	A1 [χ 4]
				A1a	A1b
					A1b1		BT
							B	CT
								DE						CF
							D	E		C		F
															F1	F2		F3	GHIJK
																				G	HIJK
																					IJK	H
														IJ	K
									I	J		LT [χ 5]		K2 [χ 6]
																L	T		K2a [χ 7]	K2b [χ 8]	K2c	K2d	K2e [χ 9]
																			K-M2313 [χ 10]		K2b1 [χ 11]	P [χ 12]
																			NO		S [χ 13]	M [χ 14]		P1	P2
																		N	O			Q	R
Y-DNA by population Y-DNA haplogroups of historic people Footnotes  Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809. International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.) Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4). Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4. Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1. Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT. Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and its primary subclade K-M2313 were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036. In the past, other haplogroups, including NO (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a". Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a). K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017) Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure. Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.) Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

References

1. M. Rasmussen et al. The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana // Nature. 2014. V. 506. P. 225–229.
2. Jennifer A. Raff & Deborah A. Bolnick. Palaeogenomics: Genetic roots of the first Americans // Nature. 2014. V. 506. P. 162–163.
3. Kivisild, Toomas (2017-03-04). "The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA". Human Genetics. Springer Nature. 136 (5): 529–546. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1773-z. ISSN 0340-6717. PMC 5418327. PMID 28260210.
4. Kivisild, Toomas (2017-03-04). "The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA". Human Genetics. Springer Nature. 136 (5): 529–546. doi:10.1007/s00439-017-1773-z. ISSN 0340-6717. PMC 5418327. PMID 28260210.
5. https://yfull.com/tree/Q-L804/
6. Karafet, Tatiana M.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Savina, Olga V.; Hallmark, Brian; Hammer, Michael F. (2018). "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations". American Journal of Human Biology. Wiley. 30 (6): e23194. doi:10.1002/ajhb.23194. ISSN 1042-0533. PMID 30408262.
7. Pinotti, Thomaz; Bergström, Anders; Geppert, Maria; Bawn, Matt; Ohasi, Dominique; Shi, Wentao; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Solli, Arne; Norstedt, Jakob; Reed, Kate; Dawtry, Kim; González-Andrade, Fabricio; Paz-y-Miño, Cesar; Revollo, Susana; Cuellar, Cinthia; Jota, Marilza S.; Santos, José E.; Ayub, Qasim; Kivisild, Toomas; Sandoval, José R.; Fujita, Ricardo; Xue, Yali; Roewer, Lutz; Santos, Fabrício R.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2018). "Y Chromosome Sequences Reveal a Short Beringian Standstill, Rapid Expansion, and early Population structure of Native American Founders". Current Biology. Elsevier BV. 29 (1): 149–157.e3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.029. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 30581024.

External links

• The Y-DNA Haplogroup Q Project