Hualien County

Hualien County (Mandarin Wade–Giles: Hua¹-lien² Hsien⁴; Pīnyīn: Huālián Xiàn; Hokkien POJ: Hoa-lian-koān or Hoa-liân-koān; Hakka PFS: Fâ-lièn-yen; Amis: Kalingko) is a county on the east coast of Taiwan. It is the largest county by area, yet due to its mountainous terrain, has one of the lowest populations in the country. The county seat and largest city is Hualien City.

Hualien County 花蓮縣
County
Top:Liyu Lake, Second left:A cigarette product house in Fenglin, Second right:Taroco Gorge in Cross Island Highway, Third left:Qixingtan Beach in Xincheng, Third right:Hualien Railroad Station, Bottom left:Cingshui Cliffs near Suhua Highway, Bottom right:A paddy field in Shoufeng, backyard in Central Mountain Range
Flag Logo
Coordinates: 23°58′33.86″N 121°36′17.32″E
Country	Taiwan
Region	Eastern Taiwan
Seat	Hualien City
Largest city	Hualien City
Boroughs	1 cities, 12 (2 urban, 10 rural) townships
Government
• County Magistrate	Hsu Chen-wei (KMT)
Area
• Total	4,628.5714 km^2 (1,787.1014 sq mi)
Area rank	1 of 22
Population  (December 2014)
• Total	333,392[1]
• Rank	20 of 22
Time zone	UTC+8 (National Standard Time)
ISO 3166 code	TW-HUA
Website	www.hl.gov.tw
Symbols Bird Maroon Oriole (Oriolus traillii) Flower Lotus (Nymphaeaceae) Tree Peepul (Ficus religiosa)

Hualien County
Traditional Chinese	花蓮縣
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Huālián Xiàn Bopomofo ㄏㄨㄚ   ㄌㄧㄢˊ   ㄒㄧㄢˋ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Hualian Shiann Wade–Giles Hua¹-lien² Hsien⁴ Tongyong Pinyin Hualián Siàn Yale Romanization Hwālyán Syàn MPS2 Huālián Shiàn IPA [xwá.ljɛ̌n ɕjɛ̂n] Hakka Pha̍k-fa-sṳ Fâ-lièn-yen Southern Min Hokkien POJ Hoa-lian-koān or Hoa-liân-koān Tâi-lô Hua-lian-kuān or Hua-liân-kuān

Most of the population resides in the Huadong Valley, which runs north to south, sandwiched between the Central and Hai'an mountain ranges. Due to the rural nature of the county, Hualien attracts many visitors for its natural environment, which includes Taroko Gorge, Qingshui Cliff and Qixingtan Beach.

History

Early history

Modern-day Hualien City was originally called Kiray (Chinese: 奇萊; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kî-lâi), after the Sakiraya Taiwanese aborigines and their settlement.[2]

Spanish settlers arrived in 1622 to pan for gold. Picking up the sounds of native words, these settlers called the area Turumoan (多羅滿; To-lô-boán). Han Chinese settlers arrived in 1851. Qing Dynasty records give the name of the region as Huilan (洄瀾; Hoê-liân; 'eddies') due to the whirling of waters in the delta.

Empire of Japan

During Taiwan's Japanese colonial period (1895-1945) the island's Japanese governors opted not to transliterate the name "Kiray" because the Japanese pronunciation of the word resembled the Japanese word for "dislike, disgusting" (嫌い, kirai). The official name became Karenkō (花蓮港, Karenkō). Karenkō Prefecture consisted of modern-day Hualien County. Toward the end of World War II the Governor-General of Taiwan moved many Japanese residents of Taiwan to the area to develop agriculture.

Republic of China

After the handover of Taiwan from Japan to the Republic of China in October 1945, Hualien was established as a county named Hualien County of Taiwan Province on 9 January 1946. In 1951 Hualien was the first county in Taiwan to be governed according to the ROC local autonomy law. Today the Hualien area serves as the key population centre on the east coast as well as the one of five main life circle regions in Taiwan, together with Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung.

Geography

Central Mountain Range

Hualien (1951)

Hualien County is situated in eastern Taiwan Island. It faces the Pacific Ocean towards Japan (Okinawa Prefecture) to the east, Central Mountain Range to the west bordering Taichung City, Nantou County and Kaohsiung City, Yilan County to the north and Taitung County to the south. It stretches around 137.5 km (85.4 mi) from north to south with its width ranging from 27 to 43 km (17 to 27 mi) long from east to west. Its area is about 4,628.57 km² (1,787.10 sq mi) and occupies one eighth of Taiwan's total area.

Despite its vast area, only 7% of the county area is populated. The remaining area is occupied by rivers (7%) and mountains (87%). Mountains are composed of Central Mountain Range in the west and Hai'an Range in the east. The main rivers in the county are the Hualian River, Xiuguluan River and their branches. The plains stretch along the valleys between both mountain ranges with a width around 3–6 km (1.9–3.7 mi). Due to the restriction of its landscape, Hualien people reside mostly on the alluvial fans of the Huatung Valley plains.[3]

Government

Hualien County Council

Hualien City, the county seat of Hualien County.

Administrative divisions

Hualien County is divided into 1 city, 2 urban townships, 7 rural townships and 3 mountain indigenous townships. Some towns have Japanese names because these towns were named by Japanese during the Japanese ruling period from 1895 to 1945. Hualien City is the county seat and houses the Hualien County Government and Hualien County Council.[4]

Type	Name	Chinese[5]	Taiwanese POJ	Hakka	Formosan	Japanese Origin
City	Hualien City	花蓮市	Hoa-lian or Hoa-liân	Fâ-lièn	Kalinko^Amis, Nabakuwan^Sakizaya	Karenkō (花蓮港)
Urban townships	Fenglin	鳳林鎮	Hōng-lîm	Fung-lìm	Marlimu^Amis
	Yuli	玉里鎮	Gio̍k-lí	Ngiu̍k-lî	Posko^Amis	Tamasato (玉里)
Rural townships	Fengbin	豐濱鄉	Hong-pin	Fûng-pîn	Fakon^Amis, Bakung^Kavalan	Toyohama (豊浜)
	Fuli	富里鄉	Hù-lí	Fu-lî	Kongpo^Amis	Tomisato (富里)
	Guangfu	光復鄉	Kong-ho̍k	Kông-fu̍k	Fata'an^Amis
	Ji'an	吉安鄉	Kiat-an	Kit-ôn	Cikasuan^Amis	Yoshino (吉野)
	Ruisui	瑞穗鄉	Sūi-sūi or Sūi-hūi	Lui-sui	Kohkoh^Amis	Mizuho (瑞穂)
	Shoufeng	壽豐鄉	Siū-hong	Su-fûng	Ciamengan^Amis	Kotobuki (寿)
	Xincheng	新城鄉	Sin-siâⁿ	Sîn-sàng	Sinjiyu^Truku, Takidis^Amis
Mountain indigenous townships	Wanrong	萬榮鄉	Bān-êng	Van-yùng	Malibasi^Truku
	Xiulin (Sioulin)	秀林鄉	Siù-lîm	Siu-lìm	Bsuring^Truku
	Zhuoxi	卓溪鄉	Toh-khe	Cho̍k-hâi	Takkei^Bunun

Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka and Formosan languages within each division.

Politics

Hsu Chen-wei, the incumbent Magistrate of Hualien County.

Hualien County voted one Democratic Progressive Party legislator to be in the Legislative Yuan during the 2016 Republic of China legislative election.[6] The incumbent Magistrate of the county is Hsu Chen-wei of the Kuomintang.

Demographics and culture

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1985	361,549	—
1990	352,233	−2.6%
1995	358,981	+1.9%
2000	353,630	−1.5%
2005	345,303	−2.4%
2010	338,805	−1.9%
2015	331,945	−2.0%
Source:"Populations by city and country in Taiwan". Ministry of the Interior Population Census.

Population density around the county (December 2009).

Population

Hualien County has 333,392 inhabitants as of December 2014 and is divided into 1 city and 12 townships. Its late development means that many aboriginal cultures such as Amis, Atayal, Bunun, Truku, Sakizaya and Kavalan are well-preserved. As of 2014, aborigines make up 27.5% of the population of Hualien County (about 91,675).[7] The Hakka people comprise about 30% of inhabitants.[1]

The county has seen a negative population growth over the past few years due to emigration to other places outside Hualien County with an average reduction of 1,393 people per year over the past 18 years.

According to a 2015 survey on national happiness index, Hualien County was rated as the happiest place to live in Taiwan among other 20 counties and cities due to the residents happiness driven by strong levels of satisfaction with work-life balance, living condition, education, environmental quality and the performance of the local government.[8]

Belief

The internationally famous Buddhist Tzu Chi foundation is headquartered in Hualien City. There are also many temples around the county. Buddhism and Folk religions are popular in Hualien County.[9] Hualien County also has the highest concentration of Roman Catholics in Taiwan at 9.46% of the population.[10]

Sports

Hualien County is home to the Hualien Stadium and Hualien Baseball Stadium.

Because of its awesome scenic view, fresh air, fine weather, and plenty of well-maintained bike trails, Hualien County is a popular destination for cyclist enthusiasts and marathon runners. Many cycling tournaments and marathon events are held each year in Hualien County. For example, Taiwan KOM Challenge[11] and Taroko Gorge Marathon.[12]

Economy

Cement plant in Xincheng Township.

There is cement mining activity in the county. The Asia Cement Corporation plant in Xincheng Township contributes nearly 29% of Taiwan's annual cement production.[13]

Education

National Dong Hwa University

The Hualien County Department of Education lists in all 6 institutions of higher learning within the county's borders as well as 15 high schools, 35 junior high schools and 151 elementary schools, though some of the listed elementary campuses have been closed for years due to their remote location or to low enrollments. Hualien County is home to National Dong Hwa University, Tzu Chi University, Taiwan Hospitality and Tourism University, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology and Dahan Institute of Technology.

Energy

Hoping Power Plant

Hualien County houses the hydroelectric Bihai Power Plant with an installed capacity of 61.2 MW and coal-fired Hoping Power Plant with a capacity of 1,320 MW, the fourth largest coal-fired power plant in Taiwan. Both power plants are located in Xiulin Township.

Due to the power plant, Hoping is also the location of a deep water bulk cargo port. Hoping port is located in Hoping Village, Xiulin Township.[14]

Tourist attractions

Taroko National Park

Nature

National parks in the county are Matai'an Wetland Ecological Park, Taroko National Park and Yushan National Park. The county is also home to several mountains and cliffs, such as Hehuan Mountain, Pingfeng Mountain, Qilai Mountain and Qingshui Cliff. Other natural areas include the Liyu Lake, Shihtiping, Mugua River Gorge, Walami Trail, Niushan Huting, East Rift Valley, Rareseed Ranch, Lintianshan Forestry Culture Park and Qixingtan Beach.

Museums

Museums and historical buildings in Hualien County include Dongli Story House, Hualien Sugar Factory, Pine Garden, Saoba Stone Pillars, Hualien Cultural and Creative Industries Park, Lintian Police Substation and Old Lintian Police Station, Chihsing Tan Katsuo Museum and Hualien County Stone Sculptural Museum.

Theme parks

Farglory Ocean Park is in Hualien County.

Places of worships

Hualien Martyrs' Shrine, Eternal Spring Shrine, Xiangde Temple and Hualien Al-Falah Mosque are located in the county.

Markets

Night markets in the county are Dongdamen Night Market.

Transportation

Hualien Airport

• Hualien Airport
• Taiwan Railways Administration - North-Link Line and Hualien-Taitung Line
• Provincial Highway No.8 (Central Cross-Island Highway)
• Provincial Highway No. 9 (Su'ao-Hualien and Hualien-Taitung Highway)
• Provincial Highway No. 11 (Hualien-Taitung Coast Highway)
• Provincial Highway No. 14
• Provincial Highway No. 16
• Provincial Highway No. 23 (Fuli-Donghe Highway)
• Provincial Highway No. 30 (Yuchang Highway)
• County Road No.193
• Port of Hualien
• Heping Cement Port

Relative location

See also

• List of tourist attractions in Taiwan

References

1. "Aborigines now make up 28% of Hualien County". Archived from the original on 2015-02-16. Retrieved 2014-02-17.
2. 撒奇萊雅族_認識本族. TAIWAN INDIGENOUS PEOPLES CULTURE PARK. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
3. 縣府各樓層平面圖 - 花蓮縣政府全球資訊服務網-首頁. Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
4. "INTERVIEW: Hualien commissioner Fu targets debt". Archived from the original on 2014-09-08. Retrieved 2014-09-01.
5. 現在的花蓮 [Today's Hualien]. 花蓮縣政府全球資訊網. 17 October 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019. 秀林鄉． 新城鄉． 花蓮市．吉安鄉． 壽豐鄉． 鳳林鎮．光復鄉． 萬榮鄉． 瑞穗鄉．豐濱鄉． 玉里鎮． 卓溪鄉．富里鄉
6. "2016 The 14th Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and The 9th Legislator Election". Archived from the original on 2017-01-22. Retrieved 2016-01-17.
7. "Amis remains Taiwan's biggest aboriginal tribe at 37.1% of total". Archived from the original on 2015-02-16. Retrieved 2015-02-16.
8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2015-10-03.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
9. 花蓮市公所-英文版-. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2014-08-27.
10. Cheney, David M. "Mr". Catholic Hierarchy. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
11. "2015 Taiwan KOM Challenge". Archived from the original on 2015-06-28. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
12. "Taroko Gorge Marathon 2016". Event Carnival. Archived from the original on 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2015-06-25.
13. Kuo, Chia-erh (13 June 2017). "Asia Cement denies mine site in Hualien expanded". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
14. Guide to Port Entry (2016 ed.). London, UK: Fairplay publications. 1 January 2016.