Jacaratia spinosa

Jacaratia spinosa (known as wild mango, or mamoeiro-bravo and mamãozinho in Brazil,[1] and yacaratiá tree in Argentina[2]) is a species of tree, in the genus Jacaratia of the family Caricaceae (the papaya family). It is found in the tropical dry forests of central and southern Mexico, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. Its stem is used as a main ingredient in the manufacturing of candy. Its fruit is also appreciated by many animals including monkeys and birds.[1]

Jacaratia spinosa
bark
leaf
fruit
seeds
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Caricaceae
Genus: Jacaratia
Species:
J. spinosa
Binomial name
Jacaratia spinosa

Description

It is a deciduous tree with an open and narrow crown and can grow up to 15 meters (50 feet) tall. It is armed with conical spines that are short and stout.

Ecology

The fruit of the yacaratiá tree is eaten by a variety of animals including lowland tapirs,[3] brown howler monkeys,[4] white-lipped peccaries, collared peccaries, white-eared opossums, Argentine black and white tegus, southern muriqui, humans, and birds.[1]

As food

The fruit of this tree are edible raw or cooked. Although if eaten raw, the skin must be scored for some time in order to release a copious latex.

Edible wood

The wood of the yacaratiá tree is served as a delicacy in Argentinian restaurants. The wood is soaked in honey or syrup and is also available in chocolate bonbons or in flavored jams with sawdust. The wood is soft and fibrous and the taste has been compared to chestnuts.[2]

Although most wood is indigestible to humans due to the high lignan content, the yacaratiá tree is only around 10% cellulose while the rest is mostly water with very little lignan content. Unlike most plants, cells of this tree contain large spaces within their walls which store water.

Agroforestry

The yacaratiá tree makes a good pioneer species due to its fast growth.

References
  1. "A caracterização bioquímica da composição do cerne de Jaracatiá (Jaracatia spinosa)" (PDF). Acta Iguaza (in Portuguese). 1. 2012.
  2. "Edible Wood – A Modern Delicacy with a Rustic Flair".
  3. Hibert; Sabatier; Andrivot (3 October 2011). "Botany, Genetics and Ethnobotany: A Crossed Investigation on the Elusive Tapir's Diet in French Guiana". PLOS One. 6 (10): e25850. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625850H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025850. PMC 3185057. PMID 21991372.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. Bello, Carolina; Galetti, Mauro; Montan, Denise; Pizo, Marco A.; Mariguela, Tatiane C.; Culot, Laurence; Bufalo, Felipe; Labecca, Fabio; Pedrosa, Felipe; Constantini, Rafaela; Emer, Carine; Silva, Wesley R.; Da Silva, Fernanda R.; Ovaskainen, Otso; Jordano, Pedro (2017). "Atlantic frugivory: a plant–frugivore interaction data set for the Atlantic Forest" (PDF). Ecology. 98 (6): 1729. doi:10.1002/ecy.1818. PMID 28317110.
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