James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury

The Marquess of Salisbury
The Most Honourable; The Marquess of Salisbury; KG PC
Lord Chamberlain
	In office; 1783–1804
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	William Pitt the Younger; Henry Addington;
Preceded by	The Earl of Hertford
Succeeded by	The Earl of Dartmouth
Postmaster General
	In office; 1816–1823 Serving with The Earl of Chichester
Monarch	George III; George IV;
Prime Minister	The Earl of Liverpool
Preceded by	The Earl of Chichester; The Earl of Clancarty;
Succeeded by	The Earl of Chichester
Personal details
Born	4 September 1748
Died	13 June 1823 (aged 74)
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Lady Emily Hill (m. 1773)

James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, KG PC (4 September 1748 – 13 June 1823), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1780 and known as The Earl of Salisbury between 1780 and 1789, was a British nobleman and politician.

Shield of arms of James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, KG, PC
Arms: Barry of ten argent and azure over all six escutcheons sable three, two, and one, each charged with a lion rampant of the first, crescent for difference.

Background

Salisbury was the son of James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury, and Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Keat.[1]

Political career

Lord Salisbury (in the front) with George III and Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Salisbury was returned to Parliament for Great Bedwyn in 1774, a seat he held until 1780, and briefly represented Launceston and Plympton Erle in 1780. In the latter year he succeeded his father in the earldom of Salisbury and entered the House of Lords. He served under Lord North as Treasurer of the Household between 1780 and 1782 and under William Pitt the Younger and then Henry Addington as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1783 and 1804. He was admitted to the Privy Council in 1780[2] and created Marquess of Salisbury, in the County of Wiltshire, in 1789.[3] He later served as Joint Postmaster General under Lord Liverpool from 1816 to 1823. He also held the honorary post of Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire between 1771 and 1823. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1793.

Family

Lord Salisbury married Lady Emily Mary, daughter of Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, on 2 December 1773. She became known as a sportswoman and influential society hostess. The couple had four children:

Lady Georgiana Charlotte Augusta Cecil (d. 1860), married Henry Wellesley, 1st Baron Cowley
Lady Emily Anne Bennet Elizabeth Cecil (d. 1858), married George Nugent, 1st Marquess of Westmeath and had issue
Caroline Cecil, died young
James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury (1791–1868)

Lord Salisbury died in June 1823, aged 74, and was succeeded by his only son, James. The Marchioness of Salisbury died in a fire at Hatfield House in November 1835.[4]

Notes

Lundy, Darryl. "thepeerage.com James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury". The Peerage.
"No. 12122". The London Gazette. 26 September 1780. p. 1.
"No. 13123". The London Gazette. 15 August 1789. p. 550.
Lundy, Darryl. "thepeerage.com James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury". The Peerage.

References

The Gentleman's Magazine: and Historical Chronicle From January To June 1823, Vol. XCIII (London: John Nichols and Son, 1823). Obituary Section, p. 563. googlebooks.com Accessed 28 October 2007

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by The Earl of Courtown Paul Methuen	Member of Parliament for Great Bedwyn 1774 – 1780 With: Paul Methuen	Succeeded by Paul Methuen Merrick Burrell
Preceded by Humphry Morice John Buller	Member of Parliament for Launceston 1780 With: Thomas Bowlby	Succeeded by Thomas Bowlby Charles Perceval
Preceded by John Durand William Fullarton	Member of Parliament for Plympton Erle 1780 With: Sir Ralph Payne	Succeeded by Sir Ralph Payne James Archibald Stuart
Political offices
Preceded by The Lord Onslow	Treasurer of the Household 1780 – 1782	Succeeded by The Earl of Effingham
Preceded by The Earl of Hertford	Lord Chamberlain 1783 – 1804	Succeeded by The Earl of Dartmouth
Preceded by The Earl of Chichester The Earl of Clancarty	Postmaster-General 1816 – 1823 With: The Earl of Chichester	Succeeded by The Earl of Chichester
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Earl of Essex	Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire 1771 – 1823	Succeeded by The Earl of Verulam
Peerage of Great Britain
New creation	Marquess of Salisbury 1789 – 1823	Succeeded by James Gascoyne-Cecil
Peerage of England
Preceded by James Cecil	Earl of Salisbury 1780 – 1823	Succeeded by James Gascoyne-Cecil

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[1] Lundy, Darryl. "thepeerage.com James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury". The Peerage.

[2] "No. 12122". The London Gazette. 26 September 1780. p. 1.

[3] "No. 13123". The London Gazette. 15 August 1789. p. 550.

[4] Lundy, Darryl. "thepeerage.com James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury". The Peerage.