James Israel

James Adolf Israel (2 February 1848 – 2 February 1926) was a Jewish-German surgeon who was a native of Berlin.

James Israel
James Israel
Born2 February 1848
Berlin
Died2 February 1926 (1926-02-03) (aged 78)
NationalityGermany
Alma materFriedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Known forurologic and renal surgery
Actinomyces
Scientific career
Fieldssurgery
Doctoral advisorLudwig Traube (physician)
InfluencesBernhard von Langenbeck

Academic background

In 1870, he received his medical doctorate from Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin, where he studied under Ludwig Traube (1818–1876). During the Franco-Prussian War, he served as a military physician, afterwards furthering his studies in Vienna (1871). During the following year, he became an assistant physician at the hospital for the Jewish community. In 1875, after furthering his education in England and Scotland, he was appointed deputy physician-in-chief of the surgical department of the Jewish hospital in Berlin, where in 1880, he was promoted to chief-in-chief. In 1894, he received the title of professor. Among his students in Berlin was surgeon Ferdinand Karewski (1858-1923).

Contributions in medicine

Israel was a pioneer in modern urologic and renal surgery. His inaugural thesis involved Bright's kidney disease, and his first report of an operation of the kidney was in 1882.[1] He published over 100 articles during his career, largely on urologic medicine. He was co-founder of the journal "Folia Urologica".[2]

Israel made significant contributions in the field of plastic surgery, in particular, oral and maxillofacial surgery.[3] He was also an early advocate of Joseph Lister's antiseptic practices in the operating room.[4] In addition, he is credited for design of a mobile hospital railcar known as a "lazarett".

In 1878, he provided the first description of actinomycosis in humans, caused by a pathogen that was later given the name Actinomyces israelii.[5][6][7]

Associated eponym

Selected writings
  • Fünf Fälle von diffuser Nephritis (Five cases of diffuse nephritis). Medical dissertation, Berlin 1870.
  • Angiectasie im Stromgebiete der A. tibialis antica.
  • Beobachtung einiger bemerkenswerther Phaenomene nach Unterbindung der A. femoralis . (Observations of a remarkable phenomena after removal of the femoral artery). Klin Arch Chir 1877; 21 109.
  • Klinische Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Aktinomykose des Menschen. (Clinical contributions to the knowledge of actinomycosis in humans). Berlin 1885.
  • Ueber Reincultur des Actinomyces und seine Uebertragbarkeit auf Thiere. Archiv Pathologische Anatomie; (1891); 126:11–28, (with Max Wolff).
  • Chirurgische Klinik der Nierenkrankheiten. (Surgical clinic of renal disease). Berlin 1901.
  • Die Chirurgie der Niere und des Harnleiters. (The surgery of the kidney and ureter). 1926.

References
  1. James Adolf Israel @ Who Named It
  2. Google Books Albany Medical Annals, Volume 28
  3. "[James Israel (1848-1926). His contribution to oral and maxillofacial surgery]". Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir. 7: 146–50. May 2003. doi:10.1007/s10006-003-0467-y. PMID 12764680.
  4. Schultheiss, Dirk (March 2008). "James Israel (1848-1926). Discoverer of actinomycosis and pioneer of kidney surgery". Aktuelle Urologie. 39 (2): 105–8. PMID 18464337.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Actinomyces Odontolyticus Bacteremia
  6. J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature - Genus Actinomyces
  7. "Actinomycosis of the Knee". JAMA Surgery. 60 (4). 1950.
  8. Nicoladoni-Israel-Branham sign @ Who Named It
  • This article incorporates information based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.
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