Japanese destroyer Kiku (1920)

The Japanese destroyer Kiku (菊) was one of 21 Momi-class destroyers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in the late 1910s. She was converted into a patrol boat in 1940 and spent the Pacific War on escort duties, mostly in Japanese waters. The ship was sunk by American carrier aircraft in early 1944.

Sister ship Kuri at anchor, 1937
History
Empire of Japan
Name: Kuri
Builder: Kawasaki Dockyard Co., Kobe
Launched: 13 October 1920
Completed: 10 December 1920
Stricken: 10 May 1944
Fate: Sunk by American aircraft, 31 March 1944
General characteristics as built
Type: Momi-class destroyer
Displacement:
  • 864 t (850 long tons) (normal)
  • 1,036 t (1,020 long tons) (deep load)
Length:
  • 83.8 m (275 ft) (pp)
  • 85.3 m (280 ft) (o/a)
Beam: 7.9 m (26 ft)
Draft: 2.4 m (8 ft)
Installed power:
Propulsion: 2 shafts; 2 × Parsons steam turbines
Speed: 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Range: 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement: 110
Armament:

Design and description

The Momi class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding Enoki-class second-class destroyers. The ships had an overall length of 85.3 meters (280 ft) and were 83.8 meters (275 ft) between perpendiculars. They had a beam of 7.9 meters (26 ft), and a mean draft of 2.4 meters (8 ft). The Momi-class ships displaced 864 metric tons (850 long tons) at standard load and 1,036 metric tons (1,020 long tons) at deep load. They were powered by two Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers.[1] The turbines were designed to produce 21,500 shaft horsepower (16,000 kW), which would propel the ships at 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). The ships carried a maximum of 275 metric tons (271 long tons) of fuel oil which gave them a range of 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). Their crew consisted of 110 officers and crewmen.[2]

The main armament of the Momi-class ships consisted of three 12-centimeter (4.7 in) Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the superstructure in a well deck, one between the two funnels, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '3' from front to rear. The ships carried two above-water twin sets of 53.3-centimeter (21.0 in) torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the forward gun and the other between the aft funnel and aft superstructure.[2]

In 1939–40, Kiku was converted into a patrol boat. Her torpedo tubes, minesweeping gear, and aft 12 cm gun were removed in exchange for two triple mounts for license-built 25 mm (0.98 in) Type 96 light AA guns and 60 depth charges. In addition one boiler was removed, which reduced her speed to 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) from 12,000 shp (8,900 kW). These changes made her top heavy and ballast had to be added which increased her displacement to 950 metric tons (935 long tons).[3][4]

Construction and career

Kiku, built at the Kawasaki Dockyard Co. shipyard in Kobe, was launched on 13 October 1920 and completed on 10 December 1920.[4] From December 1939 to April 1940, she was converted into a patrol boat and was renamed Patrol Boat No. 31 on 1 April 1940. The ship was sunk by American carrier aircraft from Task Force 58 on 31 March 1944 near Palau at coordinates 07°30′N 134°30′E. Patrol Boat No. 31 was struck from the Navy List on 10 May 1944.[3]

Notes
  1. Watts & Gordon, pp. 259–60
  2. Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 137
  3. Hackett, Kingsepp & Cundall
  4. Gardiner & Gray, p. 244

References
  • Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander & Cundall, Peter (2015). "IJN Patrol Boat No. 31: Tabular Record of Movement". SHOKAITEI! Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Patrol Boats. Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  • Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter & Mickel, Peter (1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
  • Watts, Anthony J. & Gordon, Brian G. (1971). The Imperial Japanese Navy. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0385012683.
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