José María Lemus

Lieutenant Colonel José María Lemus Lopez (July 22, 1911 – March 31, 1993) was President of El Salvador from 14 September 1956 to 26 October 1960. Before becoming a president, he served as an undersecretary of defense and a minister of the interior.[1]

José María Lemus
President of El Salvador
In office September 14, 1956 – October 26, 1960
Preceded by	Óscar Osorio
Succeeded by	Junta of Government Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea as El Salvador
Personal details
Born	July 22, 1911
Died	March 31, 1993 (aged 81)
Military service
Allegiance	El Salvador
Branch/service	Salvadoran Army
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel

Life and career

He was born into a family of humble beginnings in La Unión, El Salvador. He was undersecretary of defense from 1948-1949. As President Óscar Osorio's choice for the successor to presidency, he antagonized many by fighting against corruption.[2] Having won the disputed election of 1956, he appointed prominent civilians into his government and allowed many exiles to return the country.

He was a member of the Party of Democratic Unification. He continued socio-economic reforms of his predecessor, but there was no improvement in the living standards of the working class.[3] He promulgated the Tenant Law, which protects the rights of the renters of houses or "Mesones, called also Vecindades" (humble apartment units with shared bathrooms). The law stipulating that landlords cannot increase the rent more than 10% every year made rent contract in houses obligatory with the objective of protecting the renter.

His government repealed the anti-sedition laws, therefore antagonizing the military. His government's decision to control the production of coffee infuriated the public. Soon after the Cuban revolution, there were widespread student protests. There was a subsequent roundup of dissidents and protesters.[4]

Overthrow and death

Following these uncertainties, he was overthrown in a bloodless coup and a new, short-lived Junta government was formed consisting of three military (Miguel Ángel Castillo, César Yanes Urías, Rubén Alonso Rosales) and three civilian (Ricardo Falla Cáceres, Fabio Castillo Figueroa, Rene Fortín Magaña.)

After his exile, he lived in New York City until his death. He died of Hodgkin's lymphoma, leaving behind a wife and eight children.

References

1. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lemus-jose-maria-1911-1993
2. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lemus-jose-maria-1911-1993
3. https://www.britannica.com/place/El-Salvador/Military-dictatorships#ref468014
4. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lemus-jose-maria-1911-1993

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