Jules Dassin

Julius "Jules" Dassin (December 18, 1911 – March 31, 2008) was an American film director, producer, writer and actor. He was a subject of the Hollywood blacklist as he was a member of the Communist Party USA, and subsequently moved to France, where he continued his career.

Jules Dassin
Jules Dassin (right) with son Joe in Paris in 1970
Born	Julius Dassin December 18, 1911 Middletown, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	March 31, 2008 (aged 96) Athens, Greece
Spouse(s)	Béatrice Launer ​ ​ (m. 1937; div. 1962)​ Melina Mercouri ​ ​ (m. 1966; died 1994)​
Children	Joseph Ira Dassin Richelle Dassin Julie Dassin

Biography

Early life

Dassin was born in Middletown, Connecticut, one of eight children of Berthe Vogel and Samuel Dassin, a barber. His parents were both Jewish immigrants from Odessa, in modern-day Ukraine.[1] Dassin grew up in Harlem and went to Morris High School in the Bronx. During his youth he attended Camp Kinderland, the left-wing Yiddish youth camp. He joined the Communist Party USA in the 1930s and left it after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in 1939.

Early career

Dassin started as an actor with the ARTEF (Yiddish Proletarian Theater) company in New York. He collaborated on a film with Jack Skurnick that was uncompleted because of Skurnick's early death.

In 1940 he moved to Hollywood and became an assistant director at RKO Pictures before moving to MGM where he made short films including The Tell-Tale Heart (1941) which led to him being promoted to direct feature films.[2]

Dassin quickly became better known for his noir films Brute Force (1947), The Naked City (1948), and Thieves' Highway (1949), which helped him to become regarded as "one of the leading American filmmakers of the postwar era."[3]

Hollywood Blacklist

Dassin said Darryl F. Zanuck in 1948 called him into his office to inform him he would be blacklisted, but he still had enough time to make a movie for Fox.[4] Dassin was blacklisted in Hollywood during the production of Night and the City (1950).[5] He was not allowed on the studio property to edit or oversee the musical score for the film.[6] He also had trouble finding work abroad, as U.S. distribution companies blacklisted the U.S. distribution of any European film associated with artists blacklisted in Hollywood. In 1952, after Dassin had been out of work for two years, actress Bette Davis hired him to direct her in the Broadway revue Two's Company. The show closed early, however, and Dassin left for Europe.

Move to Europe

Dassin did not work as a film director again until Rififi in 1955 (a French production), his most influential film and an early work in the "heist film" genre. He won the Best Director award for the film at the 1955 Cannes Film Festival.

It inspired later heist films, such as Ocean's Eleven (1960).[3] Another film it inspired was Dassin's own heist film Topkapi (1964), filmed in France and Istanbul, Turkey with his future second wife, Melina Mercouri and Oscar winner Peter Ustinov.

Most of Dassin's films in the decades following the blacklist are European productions.[3] His prolific later career in Europe and the affiliation with Greece through his second wife, combined with the Frenchified pronunciation of his surname in Europe (as "Da-SAn" instead of the common American "DASS-ine") led to a common misconception that he was a native European director.[6]

Melina Mercouri

At the Cannes Film Festival in May 1955 he met Melina Mercouri, Greek actress and wife of Panos Harokopos.[3] At about the same time, he discovered the literary works of Nikos Kazantzakis; these two elements created a bond with Greece. Dassin next made He Who Must Die (1957) based on Kazantzakis' Christ Recrucified and in which Mercouri appeared. She went on to star in his Never on Sunday (1960) for which she won best actress at the Cannes Film Festival.[7] She then starred in his next three films – Phaedra (1962), Topkapi (1964) and 10:30 P.M. Summer (1966).

He divorced his first wife, Béatrice Launer, in 1962 and married Mercouri in 1966. She later starred in his Promise at Dawn (1970)—during the filming of which, Dassin broke both his legs[8]—and later A Dream of Passion (1978).

Affiliation with Greece

Dassin was considered a major Philhellene to the point of Greek officials describing him as a "first generation Greek". Along with Mercouri, he opposed the Greek military junta.

The couple had to leave Greece after the colonels' coup in 1967. In 1970 they were accused of having financed an attempt to overthrow the dictatorship, but the charges were quickly dropped. Dassin and Mercouri lived in New York City during the 1970s; then, when the military dictatorship in Greece fell in 1974, they returned to Greece and lived out their lives there. In 1974 he and Mercouri made The Rehearsal about the junta.

While Mercouri became involved with politics and won a parliamentary seat, Dassin stayed with movie-making in Europe. In 1982 he was a member of the jury at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival.[9]

Death

Dassin died from complications of influenza at the age of 96; he was survived by his two daughters and his grandchildren. Upon his death, the Greek prime minister Costas Karamanlis released a statement: "Greece mourns the loss of a rare human being, a significant artist and true friend. His passion, his relentless creative energy, his fighting spirit and his nobility will remain unforgettable."[3]

A major supporter of the return of the Parthenon Marbles to Athens, for which he established the Melina Mercouri Institution in her memory after her death in 1994, he died a few months before the opening ceremony of the New Acropolis Museum.[7]

Personal life

Joe and Jules Dassin with Béatrice Launer in Paris in 1970

Dassin married twice. Before his marriage to Mercouri, he married Béatrice Launer in 1937; she was a New York–born, Jewish–American violinist (aka Beatrice Launer-Dassin; 1913–1994),[10] a graduate of the Juilliard School of Music.[11] They divorced in 1962. Their children were Joseph Ira Dassin, better known as Joe Dassin (1938–80), a popular French singer in the 1970s; songwriter Richelle "Rickie" Dassin (born 1940); and actress–singer Julie Dassin (born 1944; also known as Julie D.).[12]

Preservation

The Academy Film Archive has preserved Jules Dassin's film Night and the City, including the British and pre-release versions.[13]

In 2000, Rialto pictures restored and released Rififi theatrically. It was subsequently released on home video through The Criterion Collection and Arrow Films.

Filmography

Year	Title	Credited as
		Director	Producer	Writer	Actor	Role	Notes
1941	The Tell-Tale Heart	Yes
1942	Nazi Agent	Yes
	The Affairs of Martha	Yes
	Reunion in France	Yes
1943	Young Ideas	Yes
1944	The Canterville Ghost	Yes
1946	Two Smart People	Yes
	A Letter for Evie	Yes
1947	Brute Force	Yes
1948	The Naked City	Yes
1949	Thieves' Highway	Yes
1950	Night and the City	Yes
1955	Rififi	Yes		Yes	Yes	César le Milanais
1957	He Who Must Die	Yes		Yes
1959	The Law	Yes		Yes
1960	Never on Sunday	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Homer Thrace
1962	Phaedra	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Christo	Uncredited
1964	Topkapi	Yes	Yes		Yes	Turkish cop	Uncredited
1966	10:30 P.M. Summer	Yes	Yes	Yes
1968	Survival 1967	Yes	Yes
	Uptight	Yes	Yes	Yes
1970	Promise at Dawn	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Ivan Mosjukine
1974	The Rehearsal	Yes		Yes	Yes	Himself
1978	A Dream of Passion	Yes	Yes	Yes
1980	Circle of Two	Yes

References

1. David B. Green, This Day in Jewish History 1911: Blacklisted Director Who Became the Toast of Paris Is Born, Haaretz, 18 December 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
2. Katz, Ephraim (1998). The Macmillan International Film Encyclopedia (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. p. 333. ISBN 0-333-74037-8. OCLC 39216574.
3. Luther, Claudia (April 1, 2008). "Noir master directed caper classic 'Rififi'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
4. Cineaste, Dan Georgakas, spring 2007, p.72
5. The film was shot in 1949, see Duncan, Paul (July 2, 2014). "Why I Love: Night and the City (1950)". Port. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
6. Dassin, Jules (February 1, 2005). Night and the City (post-screening interview in DVD supplements). Criterion Collection.
7. (in Greek) Skai News Archived July 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Απεβίωσε ο Ζυλ Ντασέν (Jules Dassin died), English (machine translation) Retrieved on April 1, 2008.
8. "Dassin Breaks Both Legs In Freak Studio Accident". Variety. October 8, 1969. p. 2.
9. "Berlinale: 1984 Juries". berlinale.de. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
10. Beatrice Dassin. Genealogy Bank. Retrieved on July 26, 2015.
11. The Juilliard School of Music, "The Baton", p. 12 Archived May 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
12. Julie D.. Rateyourmusic.com (July 19, 1945). Retrieved on July 26, 2015.
13. "Preserved Projects". Academy Film Archive.

External links

• Jules Dassin at IMDb
• Family photos (French)
• Jules Dassin at The New York Times Movies
• New York Times obituary
• Obituary on the World Socialist Web Site
• Works by or about Jules Dassin in libraries (WorldCat catalog)