June 1946 French legislative election

Legislative elections were held in France on 2 June 1946 to elect the second post-war Constituent Assembly designated to prepare a new constitution. The ballot system used was proportional representation.

June 1946 French legislative election

2 June 1946
All 586 seats to the French National Assembly 294 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout	81.85% ( 0.0 pp)
Leader Georges Bidault Maurice Thorez Guy Mollet Party MRP PCF SFIO Leader's seat Loire Seine Pas-de-Calais Last election 150 seats 159 seats 146 seats Seats won 166 153 128 Seat change 16 6 18 Popular vote 5,589,213 5,145,325 4,187,747 Percentage 28.22% 25.98% 21.14%   Leader Jean-Paul David Michel Clemenceau Party Rally of the Republican Lefts PRL Leader's seat Seine-et-Oise Seine-et-Marne Last election 35 seats (Radicals and allies) New party Seats won 52 35 Seat change 17 New party Popular vote 2,299,963 Percentage 11.61%
PCF 153, SFIO 129, RGR 52, Mod. 78, MRP 166, Misc. 9
PM before election Félix Gouin SFIO Elected PM Georges Bidault MRP

After the liberation of France in the Second World War, three parties dominated the political scene due to their participation in the Resistance to the German occupation: the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO, socialist party) and the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) Christian democratic party. They formed a provisional government led by General Charles de Gaulle.

General de Gaulle advocated a strong presidential government. He felt that the "regime of the parties" under the French Third Republic's system of parliamentary government (characterised by its political instability and ever-changing coalitions) was a cause of the 1940 collapse. However, the three main parties considered parliamentary democracy to be inseparable from the ideology of French republicanism. To them, de Gaulle's project appeared to be a rebirth of Bonapartism. In January 1946, de Gaulle resigned from the Cabinet.

The socialist Félix Gouin succeeded him. A first constitutional draft was approved by the National Assembly. It was supported by the Communists and the Socialists. It concentrated power in a unicameral Assembly and abolished the Senate of France. The Christian-Democrats campaigned for the "No" with de Gaulle and the opponents to a constitutional change (the classical Right and the Rally of the Republican Lefts dominated by the Radical Party).

The "No" coalition warned the voters against the danger of a "dictatorship" of an Assembly dominated by the Marxists, which could question the existence of private property. In the "Yes" coalition, the SFIO refused the Communist proposition of a common campaign. Finally, the "No"s won by 53% of the votes (May 1946 French constitutional referendum).

Consequently, a new National Assembly was elected in order to elaborate a new constitutional draft. The MRP, which led the "No" coalition, became the largest party with more votes and seats than the PCF. The Communists and the Socialists no longer formed a majority, so the MRP was a necessary partner for the writing of a constitutional text. Its leader Georges Bidault took the lead role in the provisional government.

Results

Parties and coalitions		Abbr.	Votes	%	Seats
	Popular Republican Movement (Mouvement républicain populaire)	MRP	5,589,213	28.22	166
	French Communist Party (Parti communiste français)	PCF	5,145,325	25.98	153
	French Section of the Workers International (Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière)	SFIO	4,187,747	21.14	128
	Total "Three-parties alliance"		14,922,285	75.34	447
	Moderates (Right-wing and UDMA) (Modérés)	PRL/CNI	2,538,167	12.82	78
	Rally of the Republican Lefts (Rassemblement des gauches républicaines)	RGR	2,299,963	11.61	52
	Miscellaneous		44,915	0.23	9
Total			20,215,200	100	586
Abstention: 18.15%

Popular vote MRP   28.22% PCF   25.98% SFIO   21.14% PRL   12.82% RGR   11.61% Others   0.23%

Parliamentary seats MRP   31.06% PCF   29.52% SFIO   17.41% PRL   12.29% RGR   11.77% Others   1.54%

Parliamentary Groups

Party		Seats
	Popular Republican Movement	166
	French Communist Party	153
	French Section of the Workers' International	128
	Republican Party of Liberty	35
	Radical Party	32
	Independent Republicans	32
	Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance	20
	Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto	11
	Non-inscrits	9
Total		586