Kate Bush

Catherine Bush CBE (born 30 July 1958[3][4]) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, dancer and record producer. In 1978, aged 19, she topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks with her debut single "Wuthering Heights", becoming the first female artist to achieve a UK number one with a self-written song.[10] Bush has since released 25 UK Top 40 singles, including the Top 10 hits "The Man with the Child in His Eyes", "Babooshka", "Running Up That Hill", "Don't Give Up" (a duet with Peter Gabriel), and "King of the Mountain". All 10 of her studio albums reached the UK Top 10, including the UK number one albums Never for Ever (1980), Hounds of Love (1985), and the compilation The Whole Story (1986). She was the first British solo female artist to top the UK album charts and the first female artist to enter the album chart at number one.[11]

Kate Bush
CBE
Bush about to perform at Comic Relief (1986)
Background information
Birth nameCatherine Bush
Born (1958-07-30) 30 July 1958
Bexleyheath, Kent, England
Genres
Occupation(s)
  • Singer
  • songwriter
  • musician
  • record producer
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • piano
  • keyboards
Years active1975–present
Labels
Associated acts
Websitekatebush.com

Bush began writing songs at 11. She was signed to EMI Records after Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour helped produce a demo tape. Her debut album, The Kick Inside, was released in 1978. Bush slowly gained artistic independence in album production and has produced all her studio albums since The Dreaming (1982). She took a hiatus between her seventh and eighth albums, The Red Shoes (1993) and Aerial (2005). Bush drew attention again in 2014 with her concert residency Before the Dawn, her first shows since 1979's The Tour of Life.

Bush's eclectic and experimental musical style, unconventional lyrics, and literary themes have influenced a diverse range of artists. She has been nominated for 13 British Phonographic Industry accolades,[12] winning for Best British Female Artist in 1987,[13] and has been nominated for three Grammy Awards. In 2002, Bush was recognised with an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. Bush was appointed a CBE in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to music.[14][15] In 2017, she was nominated for induction in the 2018 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[16]

Life and career

1958–1974: Early life

Bush was born in Bexleyheath, Kent,[17] to an English doctor, general practitioner Robert Bush (1920–2008), and Hannah (1918–1992), née Daly, an Irish staff nurse, daughter of a farmer in County Waterford.[18][19] She was raised as a Roman Catholic.[20] She grew up in the family's farmhouse in East Wickham, an urban village in the neighbouring town of Welling, with her elder brothers, John and Paddy.[21] Bush came from an artistic background: her mother was an amateur traditional Irish dancer, her father was an amateur pianist, Paddy worked as a musical instrument maker, and John was a poet and photographer. Both brothers were involved in the local folk music scene.[22]

Bush trained at Goldsmiths College karate club, where her brother John was a karate instructor. There, she became known as "Ee-ee" because of her squeaky kiai.[23]

Her family's musical influence inspired Bush to teach herself the piano at the age of 11. She also played the organ in a barn behind her parents' house and studied the violin.[24] She soon began composing songs, eventually adding her own lyrics.[25]

1975–1977: Career beginnings

Bush attended St Joseph's Convent Grammar School, a Catholic girls' school in nearby Abbey Wood which, in 1975, after she had left, became part of St Mary's and St Joseph's School in Sidcup.[26] During this time her family produced a demo tape with over 50 of her compositions, which was turned down by record labels. Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour received the demo from Ricky Hopper, a mutual friend of Gilmour and the Bush family. Impressed, Gilmour helped the sixteen-year-old Bush record a more professional demo tape.[27] Three tracks in total were recorded and paid for by Gilmour.[28] The tape was produced by Gilmour's friend Andrew Powell, who went on to produce Bush's first two albums,[25] and sound engineer Geoff Emerick, who had worked with the Beatles.[29] The tape was sent to EMI executive Terry Slater,[30] who signed her.[31]

"Every female you see at a piano is either Lynsey de Paul or Carole King. And most male music – not all of it but the good stuff – really lays it on you. It really puts you against the wall and that's what I like to do. I'd like my music to intrude. Not many females succeed with that."[25]

Bush, speaking to Melody Maker magazine in 1977.

The British record industry was reaching a point of stagnation.[30] Progressive rock was very popular and visually oriented rock performers were growing in popularity, thus record labels looking for the next big thing were considering experimental acts.[30] Bush was put on retainer for two years by Bob Mercer, managing director of EMI group-repertoire division. According to Mercer, he felt Bush's material was good enough to release, but felt that if the album failed it would be demoralising and if it was successful Bush was too young to handle it.[32] However, in a 1987 interview, Gilmour disputed this version of events, blaming EMI for initially using the "wrong" producers.[33]

After the contract signing, EMI gave her a large advance, which she used to enroll in interpretive dance classes taught by Lindsay Kemp, a former teacher of David Bowie,[34] and mime training with Adam Darius.[35] For the first two years of her contract, Bush spent more time on schoolwork than recording. She left school after doing her mock A-levels and having gained ten GCE O-Level qualifications.[36]

Bush wrote and made demos of almost 200 songs, some of which circulated as bootlegs.[37] From March to August 1977, she fronted the KT Bush Band at public houses in London. The band included Del Palmer (bass), Brian Bath (guitar), and Vic King (drums). She began recording her first album in August 1977.[25]

1978–1979: The Kick Inside and Lionheart
Bush during an interview in New Zealand, 1978

For her début album, The Kick Inside (1978), Bush was persuaded to use established session musicians instead of the KT Bush Band. She retained some of these even after she had brought her bandmates back on board.[38] Her brother Paddy played the harmonica and mandolin. Stuart Elliott played some of the drums and became her main drummer on subsequent albums.[39] The Kick Inside was released when Bush was 19, with some songs written when she was as young as 13. EMI originally wanted the more rock-oriented track "James and the Cold Gun" to be her debut single, but Bush, who already had a reputation for asserting herself in decisions about her work, insisted that it should be "Wuthering Heights".[25]

In the United Kingdom alone, The Kick Inside sold over a million copies.[40] "Wuthering Heights" topped the UK and Australian charts and became an international hit.[41] Bush became the first British woman to reach number one on the UK charts with a self-written song.[42] A second single, "The Man with the Child in His Eyes", reached number six in the UK charts.[43] It also made it onto the American Billboard Hot 100 where it reached number 85 in early 1979, and went on to win her an Ivor Novello Award in 1979 for Outstanding British Lyric.[44] According to Guinness World Records, Bush was the first female artist in pop history to have written every track on a million-selling debut album.[40]

Bob Mercer blamed Bush's lesser success in the United States on American radio formats, saying there were no outlets for Bush's visual presentation.[32] EMI capitalised on Bush's appearance by promoting the album with a poster of her in a tight pink top that emphasised her breasts. In an interview with NME in 1982, Bush criticised the choice: "People weren't even generally aware that I wrote my own songs or played the piano. The media just promoted me as a female body. It's like I've had to prove that I'm an artist in a female body."[25] In late 1978, EMI persuaded Bush to quickly record a follow-up album, Lionheart, to take advantage of the success of The Kick Inside. The album was produced by Andrew Powell, assisted by Bush. While it gained high sales and spawned the hit single "Wow", it did not reach the success of The Kick Inside, reaching number six in the UK album charts. She went on to express dissatisfaction with Lionheart, feeling that it had needed more time.[45]

Bush set up her own publishing company, Kate Bush Music, and her own management company, Novercia, to maintain control of her work. Members of her family, along with Bush herself, composed the board of directors.[25] Following the release of Lionheart, she was required by EMI to undertake heavy promotional work and an exhausting tour.[46] The Tour of Life began in April 1979 and lasted six weeks. It was described by The Guardian as "an extraordinary, hydra-headed beast, combining music, dance, poetry, mime, burlesque, magic and theatre".[10] The show was co-devised and performed on stage with magician Simon Drake.[47] Bush was involved in every aspect of the production, choreography, set design, costume design and hiring.[25] The shows were noted for her dancing, complex lighting and her 17 costume changes per show. Because of her need to dance as she sang, sound engineers used a wire coat hanger and a radio microphone to fashion a headset microphone; it was the first used by a rock performer since the Spotnicks used a rudimentary version in the early 1960s.[3][48]

1980–1984: Never for Ever and The Dreaming

Released in September 1980, Never for Ever saw Bush's second foray into production, co-producing with Jon Kelly. Her first experience as a producer was on her Live on Stage EP, released after her tour the previous year. The first two albums had resulted in a definitive sound evident in every track, with orchestral arrangements supporting the live band sound. The range of styles on Never for Ever is much more diverse, veering from the straightforward rocker "Violin" to the wistful waltz of hit single "Army Dreamers".

"Artists shouldn't be made famous. They have this huge aura of almost god-like quality about them, just because their craft makes a lot of money. And at the same time it is a forced importance ... It is man-made so the press can feed off it."

—Kate Bush in a 1980 interview[49]

Never for Ever was her first album to feature synthesisers and drum machines, in particular the Fairlight CMI, to which she was introduced when providing backing vocals on Peter Gabriel's eponymous third album in early 1980.[25] It was her first record to reach the top position in the UK album charts, also making her the first female British artist to achieve that status,[36] and the first female artist ever to enter the album chart at the top.[11] The top-selling single from the album was "Babooshka", which reached number five in the UK singles chart.[50] In November 1980, she released the standalone Christmas single "December Will Be Magic Again", which reached number 29 in the UK charts.

September 1982 saw the release of The Dreaming, the first album Bush produced by herself.[51] With her new-found freedom, she experimented with production techniques, creating an album that features a diverse blend of musical styles and is known for its near-exhaustive use of the Fairlight CMI. The Dreaming received a mixed reception in the UK, and critics were baffled by the dense soundscapes Bush had created to become "less accessible".[52] In a 1993 interview with Q magazine, Bush stated: "That was my 'She's gone mad' album."[25] However, the album became her first to enter the US Billboard 200 chart, albeit only reaching number 157.[53] The album entered the UK album chart at number-three,[54] but is to date her lowest-selling album, garnering "only" a silver disc.[55]

"Sat in Your Lap" was the first single from the album to be released. It pre-dated the album by over a year and peaked at number 11 in the UK.[56] The title track, featuring Rolf Harris and Percy Edwards, stalled at number 48,[57] while the third single, "There Goes a Tenner", stalled at number 93,[58] despite promotion from EMI and Bush. The track "Suspended in Gaffa" was released as a single in Europe, but not in the UK.

Continuing in her storytelling tradition, Bush looked far outside her own personal experience for sources of inspiration. She drew on old crime films for "There Goes a Tenner", a documentary about the Vietnam War for "Pull Out the Pin", and the plight of Indigenous Australians for "The Dreaming". "Houdini" is about the magician's death, and "Get Out of My House" was inspired by Stephen King's novel The Shining.[59]

1985–1988: Hounds of Love and The Whole Story

Hounds of Love was released in 1985. Because of the high cost of hiring studio space for her previous album, she built a private studio near her home, where she could work at her own pace.[60] Hounds of Love ultimately topped the charts in the UK, knocking Madonna's Like a Virgin from the number-one position.[61]

The album takes advantage of the vinyl and cassette formats with two very different sides. The first side, Hounds of Love, contains five "accessible" pop songs, including the four singles "Running Up that Hill", "Cloudbusting", "Hounds of Love", and "The Big Sky". "Running Up that Hill" reached number three in the UK charts and re-introduced Bush to American listeners, climbing to number 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 in November 1985. The second side of the album, The Ninth Wave, takes its name from Tennyson's poem, "Idylls of the King", about the legendary King Arthur's reign, and is seven interconnecting songs joined in one continuous piece of music.[62]

The album earned Bush nominations for Best Female Solo Artist, Best Album, Best Single, and Best Producer at the 1986 BRIT Awards. In the same year, Bush and Peter Gabriel had a UK Top 10 hit with the duet "Don't Give Up" (Dolly Parton, Gabriel's original choice to sing the female vocal, turned his offer down),[63] and EMI released her "greatest hits" album, The Whole Story. Bush provided a new lead vocal and refreshed backing track on "Wuthering Heights", and recorded a new single, "Experiment IV", for inclusion on the compilation. Dawn French and Hugh Laurie were among those featured in the video for Experiment IV. At the 1987 BRIT Awards, Bush won the award for Best Female Solo Artist.

1989–1993: The Sensual World and The Red Shoes

Released in 1989, The Sensual World was described by Bush herself as "her most honest, personal album".[64] One of the tracks, "Heads We're Dancing", inspired by her own black humour, is about a woman who dances all night with a charming stranger only to discover in the morning that he is Adolf Hitler. The title track drew its inspiration from James Joyce's novel Ulysses.[65] The Sensual World went on to become her biggest-selling album in the US, receiving an RIAA Gold certification four years after its release for 500,000 copies sold. In the United Kingdom album charts, it reached the number-two position.[66] Another single from the album, "This Woman's Work", was featured in the John Hughes film She's Having a Baby, and a slightly remixed version appeared on Bush's album The Sensual World.[67] The song reached number-eight in 2005 on the UK download chart after featuring in a British television advertisement for the charity NSPCC.[68]

"I don't think of myself as a musician. As a writer, I suppose. I only ever play the piano to accompany myself singing. I could never sit and read a piece of music. At best, I'm an accompanist. I suppose the worst thing is frustration at your own ability. Not being able to do what you want to do."

—Kate Bush, Q, 1993[69]

In 1990, the boxed set This Woman's Work was released; it included all of her albums with their original cover art, as well as two discs of all her singles' B-sides recorded from 1978 to 1990. In 1991, Bush released a cover of Elton John's "Rocket Man", which reached number 12 in the UK singles chart,[70] and reached number two in Australia. In 2007, it was voted the greatest cover ever by readers of The Observer newspaper.[71] Another John cover, "Candle in the Wind", was the B-side.[72] In the same year, she starred in the black comedy film Les Dogs, produced by The Comic Strip for BBC television.[73] Bush plays the bride Angela at a wedding set in a post-apocalyptic Britain.

Bush's seventh studio album, The Red Shoes, was released in November 1993. The album gave Bush her highest chart position in the US, reaching number 28, although the only song from the album to make the US singles chart was "Rubberband Girl", which peaked at number 88 in January 1994. In the UK, the album reached number-two, and the singles "Rubberband Girl", "The Red Shoes", "Moments of Pleasure", and "And So Is Love" all reached the top 30.[56][74] Bush directed and starred in the short film The Line, the Cross and the Curve, which featured music from her album The Red Shoes, itself inspired by the 1948 film of that name. It was released on VHS in the UK in 1994 and also received a small number of cinema screenings around the world.[75][76]

The initial plan had been to tour with The Red Shoes release, but did not reach fruition. Thus, Bush deliberately produced her tracks live, with less studio production that had typified her last three albums and which would have been too difficult to re-create on stage.[77] The result polarised her fan base, who had enjoyed the intricacy of her earlier compositions,[78] with other fans claiming they had found new complexities in the lyrics and the emotions they expressed.[79]

During this period, Bush had suffered a series of bereavements, including the loss of guitarist Alan Murphy, who had started working with her on The Tour of Life in 1979, and her mother Hannah, to whom she was exceptionally close.[36] The people she lost were honoured in the ballad "Moments of Pleasure." However, Bush's mother was still alive when "Moments of Pleasure" was written and recorded. Bush describes playing the song to her mother, who thought the line where she is quoted by Bush as saying, "Every old sock meets an old shoe", was hilarious and "couldn't stop laughing."[80]

1994–2006: Motherhood, hiatus, and Aerial

After the release of The Red Shoes, Kate Bush dropped out of the public eye. She had originally intended to take one year off, but despite working on material, twelve years passed before her next album release. Her name occasionally cropped up in the media with rumours of a new album release. The press often viewed her as an eccentric recluse, sometimes drawing a comparison with Miss Havisham from Charles Dickens's Great Expectations.[81] In 1998, Bush gave birth to Albert, known as "Bertie", fathered by guitarist Dan McIntosh, who she met in 1992.[36][82] In 2001, Bush was awarded a Q Award as Classic Songwriter.[83] In 2002, she was awarded an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, and performed "Comfortably Numb" at David Gilmour's concert at the Royal Festival Hall in London.

Kate Bush's eighth studio album, Aerial, was released on double CD and vinyl in November 2005.[36] The album single "King of the Mountain", had its premiere on BBC Radio 2 two months prior.[84] The single entered the UK Downloads Chart at number six,[85] and would become Bush's third-highest-charting single ever in the UK, peaking at number four on the full chart.[41] Aerial entered the UK albums chart at number three,[86] and the US chart at number 48.[87]

Aerial, as on Hounds of Love (1985), is divided into two sections, each with its own theme and mood. The first disc, subtitled A Sea of Honey, features a set of unrelated themed songs, including "King of the Mountain"; "Bertie", a Renaissance-style ode to her son; and "Joanni", based on the story of Joan of Arc. In the song "", Bush sings 117 digits of the number Pi.[88] The second disc, subtitled A Sky of Honey, features one continuous piece of music describing the experience of 24 hours passing by.[89] Aerial earned Bush two nominations at the 2006 BRIT Awards, for Best British Female Solo Artist and Best British Album.[12]

2007–2013: Director's Cut and 50 Words for Snow

In 2007, Bush was asked to write a song for The Golden Compass soundtrack which made reference to the lead character, Lyra Belacqua. The song, "Lyra", was used in the closing credits of the film, reached number 187 in the UK Singles Chart[90] and was nominated for the International Press Academy's Satellite Award for original song in a motion picture.[91] According to Del Palmer, Bush was asked to compose the song on short notice and the project was completed in 10 days.[92]

In May 2011, Bush released the album Director's Cut, comprising 11 reworked tracks from The Sensual World and The Red Shoes, recorded using analogue rather than digital equipment. All the tracks have new lead vocals, drums, and instrumentation. Some were transposed to a lower key to accommodate her lowering voice. Three of the songs, including "This Woman's Work", have been completely rerecorded, with lyrics often changed in places. Bush described the album as a new project rather than a collection of remixes.[93] It was the first album on her new label, Fish People, a division of EMI Records. In addition to Director's Cut in its single CD form, the album was released with a box-set that contains the albums The Sensual World and the analogue re-mastered The Red Shoes. It debuted at number two on the United Kingdom chart.[94]

Bush's next studio album, 50 Words for Snow, was released on 21 November 2011. It features high-profile cameo appearance of Elton John on the duet "Snowed in at Wheeler Street".[95] The album contains seven new songs "set against a backdrop of falling snow", with a total running time of 65 minutes.[96][97] The album's songs are built around Bush's quietly jazzy piano and Steve Gadd's drums, and use both sung and spoken word vocals in what Classic Rock critic Stephen Dalton calls "a ... supple and experimental affair, with a contemporary chamber pop sound grounded in crisp piano, minimal percussion and light-touch electronics ... billowing jazz-rock soundscapes, interwoven with fragmentary narratives delivered in a range of voices from shrill to Laurie Anderson-style cooing".[98] Bassist Danny Thompson appears on the album, which also features a performance by Stephen Fry.

50 Words for Snow received general acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 88, based on 26 reviews, which indicates "universal acclaim".[99] She was nominated for a BRIT Award in the "Best Female Artist" category,[100] and the album won the 2012 Best Album at the South Bank Arts Awards,[101] and was also nominated for Best Album at the Ivor Novello Awards.[102]

Bush turned down an invitation to perform at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. Instead, a new remix of her 1985 single "Running Up That Hill" was played.[103] In 2013, Bush became the only female artist to have top five albums in the UK charts in five successive decades.[104]

Kate Bush performing Before The Dawn at Hammersmith Apollo in 2014

2014–present: Before the Dawn, How to Be Invisible and remastered catalogue

In March 2014, Bush announced her first live concerts in decades: Before the Dawn, a 22-night residency in London running from 26 August to 1 October 2014 at the Hammersmith Apollo.[105] Tickets sold out in 15 minutes. The concerts received positive reviews.[106] An album of recordings from the concerts, Before the Dawn, was released on 25 November 2016.[107] Bolstered by publicity around Before the Dawn, Bush became the first female performer to have eight albums in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart simultaneously, putting her at number three for simultaneous UK Top 40 albums. The only artists ahead of Bush were Elvis Presley, who had 12 entries in the top 40 after his death in 1977 and The Beatles who had 11 in 2009.[108][109] She had 11 albums in the top 50.[110][111]

It was an extraordinary experience putting the show together. It was a huge amount of work, a lot of fun and an enormous privilege to work with such an incredibly talented team. This is the audio document. I hope that this can stand alone as a piece of music in its own right and that it can be enjoyed by people who knew nothing about the shows as well as those who were there. I never expected the overwhelming response of the audiences, every night filling the show with life and excitement. They are there in every beat of the recorded music. Even when you can't hear them, you can feel them.[112][113][114][115][116]

On 6 December 2018, Bush published her first book, a compilation of lyrics entitled, How to Be Invisible.[117][118]

In October 2018, Bush announced two boxsets of remasters of her studio albums, released on 16 and 30 November. Vocals from Rolf Harris, who was convicted of multiple sexual assault charges in 2014, were replaced by versions by Bush's son Bertie.[119] The compilation of rare tracks, cover versions and remixes was released separately and titled The Other Sides on 8 March 2019. It includes the previously unreleased track Humming, recorded in 1975.[120] In September 2019, Bush released "Ne T’Enfuis Pas" / "Un Baiser D’Enfant" on vinyl, in France only, as a limited edition promotional single.[121][122]

Artistry

Musical style and voice
Bush has prominently used the Fairlight CMI sampler.

Bush's musical aesthetic is eclectic, and is known to employ varied influences and meld disparate styles, often within a single song or over the course of an album.[3] Even in her earliest works, with piano the primary instrument, she wove together diverse influences, drawing on classical music, glam rock,[1] and a wide range of ethnic and folk sources. This would continue throughout her career. By the time of Never for Ever, Bush had begun to make prominent use of the Fairlight CMI synthesizer, which allowed her to sample and manipulate sounds, expanding her sonic palette.[25] She has been compared with other "'arty' 1970s and '80s British pop rock artists" such as Roxy Music and Peter Gabriel.[7] The Guardian called Bush "the queen of art-pop".[1]

Bush has a dramatic soprano vocal range.[123] Her vocals contain elements of British, Anglo-Irish and most prominently (southern) English accents and, in its use of musical instruments from various periods and cultures, her music has differed from American pop norms.[124] Reviewers have used the term "surreal" to describe her music.[125] Her songs explore melodramatic emotional and musical surrealism that defies easy categorisation.[126] It has been observed that even her more joyous pieces are often tinged with traces of melancholy, and even the most sorrowful pieces have elements of vitality struggling against all that would oppress them.[127]

Songwriting and influences

Elements of Bush's lyrics employ historical or literary references, as embodied in her first single "Wuthering Heights", which is based on Emily Brontë's novel of the same name. She has described herself as a storyteller who embodies the character singing the song and has dismissed efforts by others to conceive of her work as autobiographical.[124][128][129] Bush's lyrics have been known to touch on obscure or esoteric subject matter, and New Musical Express noted that Bush was not afraid to tackle sensitive and taboo subjects in her work.[130] "The Kick Inside" is based on a traditional English folk song (The Ballad of Lucy Wan) about an incestuous pregnancy and a resulting suicide.[131] "Kashka from Baghdad" is a song about a gay couple; Out magazine listed two of her albums in their "Top 100 Greatest Gayest Albums" list.[132][133] She has referenced G. I. Gurdjieff in the song "Them Heavy People", while "Cloudbusting" was inspired by Peter Reich's autobiography, A Book of Dreams, about his relationship with his father, Wilhelm Reich. "Breathing" explores the results of nuclear fallout from the perspective of a fœtus.[134]

Other non-musical sources of inspiration for Bush include horror films, which have influenced the gothic nature of her songs, such as "Hounds of Love", which samples the 1957 horror movie Night of the Demon.[135] "The Infant Kiss" is a song about a haunted, unstable woman's paedophilic infatuation with a young boy in her care (inspired by Jack Clayton's film The Innocents (1961), which had been based on Henry James's novella The Turn of the Screw);.[136][137] Her songs have occasionally combined comedy and horror to form dark humour, such as murder by poisoning in "Coffee Homeground", an alcoholic mother in "Ran Tan Waltz" and the upbeat "The Wedding List", a song inspired by François Truffaut's 1967 film of Cornell Woolrich's The Bride Wore Black about the murder of a groom and the bride's subsequent revenge against the killer.[138] Bush has also cited comedy as a significant influence. She has cited Woody Allen,[139] Monty Python, Fawlty Towers, and The Young Ones[140] as particular favourites.

Technical innovations

Bush is regarded as the first artist to have had a headset with a wireless microphone built for use in music. For her Tour of Life in 1979 she had a compact microphone combined with a self-made construction of wire clothes hangers, so that she did not have to use a hand microphone and had her hands free and could dance her rehearsed choreography of expressionist dance on the concert stage and sing with a microphone at the same time. Later, her idea was adopted by other artists such as Madonna and Peter Gabriel.[141]

Impact

Musicians who have cited Bush as an influence include Beverley Craven,[142] Regina Spektor,[143] Ellie Goulding,[144] Charli XCX,[145] Tegan and Sara,[146] k.d. lang,[147] Paula Cole,[148] Kate Nash,[149] Bat for Lashes,[150] Erasure,[151] Alison Goldfrapp of Goldfrapp,[152] Rosalía,[153] Tim Bowness of No-Man,[154] Chris Braide,[155] Kyros,[156] Aisles,[157] Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy,[158] Darren Hayes,[159] Grimes,[160] and Solange Knowles.[161] Nerina Pallot was inspired to become a songwriter after seeing Bush play "This Woman's Work" on Wogan.[162] Coldplay took inspiration from "Running Up That Hill" to compose their single "Speed of Sound".[163] In 2015, Adele stated that the release of her third studio album was inspired by Bush's 2014 comeback to the stage.[164]

In addition to those artists who state that Bush has been a direct influence on their own careers, other artists have been quoted expressing admiration for her work including Tori Amos,[165] Annie Lennox,[166] Björk,[167] Florence Welch,[168] Little Boots,[169] Elizabeth Fraser of Cocteau Twins,[170] Dido,[171] Sky Ferreira,[172] St. Vincent,[173] Lily Allen,[174] Anohni of Antony and the Johnsons,[175] Big Boi of OutKast,[176] Stevie Nicks,[177] Steven Wilson,[178] Steve Rothery of Marillion,[179] and André Matos.[180] According to an unauthorised biography, Courtney Love of Hole listened to Bush among other artists as a teenager.[181] Tricky wrote an article about The Kick Inside, saying: "Her music has always sounded like dreamland to me.... I don't believe in God, but if I did, her music would be my bible".[182] Suede front-man Brett Anderson stated about Hounds of Love: "I love the way it's a record of two halves, and the second half is a concept record about fear of drowning. It's an amazing record to listen to really late at night, unsettling and really jarring".[183] John Lydon, better known as Johnny Rotten of the Sex Pistols, declared her work to be "beauty beyond belief".[174] Rotten once wrote a song for her, titled "Bird in Hand" (about exploitation of parrots) that Bush rejected.[184] Bush was one of the singers whom Prince thanked in the liner notes of 1991's Diamonds and Pearls.[185] In December 1989, Robert Smith of The Cure chose "The Sensual World" as his favourite single of the year, The Sensual World as his favourite album of the year and included "all of Kate Bush" plus other artists in his list, "the best things about the eighties".[186]

Kele Okereke of Bloc Party said about "Hounds of Love": "The first time I heard it I was sitting in a reclining sofa. As the beat started I was transported somewhere else. Her voice, the imagery, the huge drum sound: it seemed to capture everything for me. As a songwriter you're constantly chasing that feeling".[187] Rufus Wainwright named Bush as one of his top ten gay icons.[188] Outside music, Bush has been an inspiration to several fashion designers, including Hussein Chalayan.[189] In 1998 an asteroid was named after her.[190][191]

In 2019, Pone, ex Fonky Family member, releases Kate and me, an entire album created from samples of Kate Bush's work. According to The Guardian, it's the "first album in history to be entirely produced through an eye-tracking device".[192] Pone declares that Bush is the greatest artist of the past 40 years.[193]

In 2020, Grazia magazine conducted an interview with UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson. When asked about the 5 most influential women in his life, Johnson placed Kate Bush at the fifth spot after deliberating between nominating Queen Elizabeth II, Margaret Thatcher, and Bush.[194]

In addition to her music, her dancing has been critically acclaimed and proven influential, as well as enduring in the popular consciousness. Critics have noted her "pioneering synthesis of music and movement" [195] and called her work "modern dance at its most powerful".[196] Prix Benois de la Danse winner Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui credits her dancing as a formative influence.[197] For the recurring The Most Wuthering Heights Day Ever event, thousands of people gather worldwide to recreate her dance routine from the "Wuthering Heights" music video.[198]

Live performances
Further information: The Tour of Life and Before the Dawn (Kate Bush concert residency)

Bush's only tour, the Tour of Life, ran for six weeks in May 1979, covering Britain and mainland Europe.[10] The BBC suggested that she may have quit touring due to a fear of flying, or because of the death of a lighting engineer, Bill Duffield, who was killed in an accident during a warmup concert.[199] Mercer, who signed Bush to EMI, said touring was "just too hard ... I think [Bush] liked it but the equation didn't work ... I could see at the end of the show that she was completely wiped out."[10] Bush described the tour as "enormously enjoyable" but "absolutely exhausting".[199]

Bush's 2014 concerts at the Hammersmith Apollo sold out in 15 minutes

During the same period as the Tour of Life, Bush performed on television programs including Top of the Pops in the UK, Bios Bahnhof in Germany, and Saturday Night Live in the United States (performing Them Heavy People with Paul Shaffer on piano), which remains her only American television appearance.[200] On 28 December 1979, BBC TV aired the Kate Bush Christmas Special.[201] Bush participated in the first benefit concert in aid of The Prince's Trust in July 1982, at which she sang "Breathing" for the first time.[202] She performed live for British charity event Comic Relief in 1986, singing "Do Bears... ?", a humorous duet with Rowan Atkinson, and a rendition of "Breathing".[203] In March 1987, Bush sang "Running Up That Hill" at The Secret Policeman's Third Ball accompanied by David Gilmour.[204] She appeared with Gilmour again in 2002, singing the Pink Floyd song "Comfortably Numb" at the Royal Festival Hall in London.[205]

Bush returned to headline performance with a 22-night residency, Before the Dawn, which ran from 26 August to 1 October 2014 at the London Hammersmith Apollo.[206] The set list[207] encompassed most of Hounds of Love featuring the entire Ninth Wave suite, most of Aerial, two songs from The Red Shoes, and one song from 50 Words for Snow.[208]

Collaborations

Bush provided vocals on two of Peter Gabriel's albums, including the hits "Games Without Frontiers" and "Don't Give Up", as well as "No Self-Control". Gabriel appeared on Bush's 1979 television special, where they sang a duet of Roy Harper's "Another Day". She has sung on two Roy Harper tracks, "You", on his 1979 album, "The Unknown Soldier"; and "Once", the title track of his 1990 album. She has also sung on the title song of the 1986 Big Country album The Seer; the Midge Ure song "Sister and Brother" from his 1988 album Answers to Nothing; Go West's 1987 single "The King Is Dead"; and two songs with Prince – "Why Should I Love You?", from her 1993 album The Red Shoes, and "My Computer" from Prince's 1996 album Emancipation. In 1987, she sang a verse on the Beatles cover charity single "Let It Be" by Ferry Aid. She sang a line on the charity single "Spirit of the Forest" by Spirit of the Forest in 1989.

In 1990 Bush produced a song for another artist, Alan Stivell's "Kimiad" for his album Again; this is the only time she has done this to date. Stivell had appeared on The Sensual World. In 1991, Kate Bush was invited to perform a cover of Elton John's 1972 song "Rocket Man" for the tribute album Two Rooms: Celebrating the Songs of Elton John & Bernie Taupin. In 2011, Elton John collaborated with Bush once again in "Snowed in at Wheeler Street" for her most recent album 50 Words for Snow. In 1994, Bush covered George Gershwin's "The Man I Love" for the tribute album The Glory of Gershwin. In 1996, Bush contributed a version of "Mná na hÉireann" (Irish for "Women of Ireland") for the Anglo-Irish folk-rock compilation project Common Ground: The Voices of Modern Irish Music. Bush had to sing the song in Irish, which she learned to do phonetically.[209]

Artists who have contributed to Bush's own albums include Elton John, Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, David Gilmour, Nigel Kennedy, Gary Brooker, Danny Thompson, and Prince. Bush provided backing vocals for a song that was recorded during the 1990s titled Wouldn't Change a Thing by Lionel Azulay, the drummer with the original band that was later to become the KT Bush Band. The song, which was engineered and produced by Del Palmer, was released on Azulay's album Out of the Ashes.[210] Bush declined a request by Erasure to produce one of their albums because, according to Vince Clarke, "she didn't feel that that was her area".[211]

Personal life

Bush was in a long-term relationship with bassist and engineer Del Palmer from the late 1970s to the early 1990s.[212] She is married to guitarist Danny McIntosh.[213]

Bush is a former resident of Eltham, southeast London.[214] In the 1990s she moved to a canalside residence in Sulhamstead, Berkshire, and then to Devon in 2004.[82] Bush is a vegetarian.[215][216] Raised a Roman Catholic, she said in 1999:

I would never say I was a strict follower of Roman Catholic belief, but a lot of [powerful, beautiful and passionate images are in there.] There's a lot of suffering in Roman Catholicism. I think I'm looking for not necessarily religion, but ways of helping myself to become more understanding, more complete, a happier person ... But I really don't think I've found a niche.[20]

The length of time between albums has led to rumours concerning Bush's health or appearance.[140][217] In 2011, she told BBC Radio 4 that the amount of time between albums was stressful: "It's very frustrating the albums take as long as they do ... I wish there weren't such big gaps between them". In the same interview, she denied that she was a perfectionist, saying: "I think it's important that things are flawed ... That's what makes a piece of art interesting sometimes – the bit that's wrong or the mistake you've made that's led onto an idea you wouldn't have had otherwise." She reiterated her prioritisation of her family life.[128]

Bush's son Bertie (Albert McIntosh), featured prominently in the 2014 concert Before the Dawn. Her nephew, Raven Bush, is violinist in the English indie band Syd Arthur.[218]

Political views

During the 1979 United Kingdom general election campaign, Bush, who at the time was on a live concert tour of the UK, posed for a photograph alongside the Labour Prime Minister James Callaghan.[219]

In the Comic Strip Presents film, GLC, she produced and sang on the theme song "Ken". The song is a satirical song about how Hollywood glamorizes and fictionalizes political figures, in this particular case Ken Livingstone, the former leader of the Greater London Council.

In 2016, Canadian news magazine Maclean's published an interview in which Bush was asked about the role of misogyny in the defeat of Hillary Clinton in the 2016 United States presidential election. Bush pointed out that the UK, unlike the United States, did have a female premier, Theresa May, who a few months earlier had become the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. It quoted Bush as saying: "I actually really like her and think she's wonderful. I think it's the best thing that's happened to us in a long time ... It is great to have a woman in charge of the country. She's very sensible and I think that's a good thing at this point in time."[220] In 2019, Bush published a clarifying statement on her website saying she did not support the Conservative Party. She wrote: "Over the years, I have avoided making political comments in interviews. My response to the interviewer was not meant to be political but rather was in the defence of women in power ... I said that we had a woman in charge of our country, and that I felt it was a good thing to have women in power … it could make it seem like I am a Tory supporter which I want to make clear I am not."[220]

Awards and nominations
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Kate Bush

Discography
Main articles: Kate Bush discography and List of songs recorded by Kate Bush

Studio albums

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