Kenosha Light

Kenosha Light (also called Southport Light) is a lighthouse and keeper's house on Simmons Island north of the channel into Kenosha's harbor in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, USA.[4]

Kenosha (Southport) Light
Kenosha (Southport) lighthouse (NRHP)
LocationSimmons Island, Kenosha, Wisconsin
Coordinates42°35′22″N 87°48′57″W
Year first constructed1866
Year first lit1866
Automated1996
Deactivated1906-1996
FoundationStone
ConstructionMilwaukee "Cream City brick" w/Mortar coat[1]
Tower shapeConical
Markings / patternnatural, green lantern
Tower height55 feet (17 m)
Focal height76 feet (23 m)[2]
Original lensFourth order Fresnel lens
Current lens12 in (300 mm) Tideland Signal ML-300 acrylic plastic lens
ARLHS numberUSA-912
Heritageplace listed on the National Register of Historic Places 
Kenosha Light Station
Location5117 Fourth Ave., Kenosha, Wisconsin
Arealess than one acre
Architectural styleGreek Revival
NRHP reference No.90000995[3]
Added to NRHPJune 28, 1990

History
Tower

Also known as the "Old Kenosha Light", it was replaced by the Kenosha North Pier Light in 1906.[5] The keeper's house continued to be used for many years, however.[6]

The light is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Kenosha Light Station, Reference #90000995. It has been an active aid to navigation since 1996, but is not listed in Volume VII United States Coast Guard light list. The lantern room was removed in 1913 but replicated in 1994. The Fresnel lens was replaced by a 300 mm Tidaland Signal plastic lens – a medium range lens commonly used on the Great Lakes.[7]

A historical marker in front of the lighthouse reads:

Built by the federal government in 1866, the Kenosha Lighthouse replaces two other lighthouses constructed at this site in 1848? and 1858?. Originally designated a coast and harbor light for Southport, now Kenosha, Wisconsin provided the first navigational illumination a mariner would see upon entering Wisconsin from the Chicago area. Standing 55 feet (17 m) tall and situated on a hill, the lighthouse projected light from 74 feet (23 m) above lake level. The tower is built of yellow Milwaukee Cream City brick and is conical in shape. Originally the lighthouse contained a fourth order Fresnel lens fueled by kerosene with a fixed?-white light which varied by flashes. Officially discontinued in 1906, the lantern room was later removed and replaced by a 25-foot (7.6 m) tripod mast for displaying storm warning flags and lights. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, the lighthouse has been restored and holds an automated electric light. (1996)[8]

A lightkeeper's house sits near the lighthouse tower. The original section of the house was built in 1866 at the same time as the lighthouse. It was two stories, with walls of cream brick similar to the tower, with a simple rectangular footprint. The moderate pitch of the roof and the frieze board under the eaves come from Greek Revival style. In 1907 the north ell with the two-story porch was added to the house, along with a 2-story addition to the kitchen at the southeast corner and bathrooms.[4]

The light on Simmons Island was part of an effort to make Kenosha a major shipping port, and money was spent from the 1830s to the 1880s on infrastructure like the lighthouse. But this lighthouse was too far from the harbor to give entering craft a clear bearing, so a beacon was added to the pierhead in the 1860s. By the turn of the century, the better harbors and railroad connections at Chicago, Milwaukee and Racine prevailed and Kenosha was a minor port.[9]

Current status and directions

The building is currently maintained by the City of Kenosha and the Kenosha County Historical Society. It is also on the State List/Inventory, having been listed in 1975.[10]

The keeper's house is open to the public on Saturdays and Sundays during the tourist season. The tower is open for climbers many weekends of the summer.[11]

The lighthouse can be seen from Kenosha near the vicinity of 50th Street and 4th Avenue.[12]

See also

References
  1. "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Wisconsin". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
  2. Pepper, Terry. "Seeing the Light: Lighthouses on the western Great Lakes, database". Archived from the original on 2008-01-30.
  3. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  4. Scott Smith; Joanne Grossman; Rebecca Strand (1989-04-25). "Kenosha Light Station". NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form. US Dept. of the Interior. National Park Service. Retrieved 2018-06-06. With 5 photos.
  5. Wobser, David, Kenosha North Pier Head Light, Boatnerd
  6. Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Southport Lighthouse: Simmons Island, Kenosha, Wisconsin.
  7. Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, 300 mm. Tideland Signal acrylic lens. Archived 2011-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Lighthouse Friends, Kenosha Southport Light.
  9. "Kenosha Light Station (U.S. Coast Guard)". Wisconsin Historic Society. Retrieved 2018-06-06.
  10. National Park Service, Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Wisconsin - Kenosha Southport Light.
  11. Kenosha History Center events.
  12. Wobser, David, Milwaukee Kenosha Southport Light, Boatnerd

Further reading
  • Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
  • Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) ISBN 0-932212-98-0.
  • Pepper, Terry. "Seeing the Light: Lighthouses on the western Great Lakes". Archived from the original on 2008-01-30.
  • Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ISBN 0-923568-47-6; ISBN 978-0-923568-47-4.
  • Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) ISBN 1-55046-399-3.
2006 photo of Kenosha Southport Lighthouse after renovations
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