Lake Ogawara

Lake Ogawara (小川原湖, Ogawarako) is Japan's eleventh largest lake (by area) and the largest in Aomori Prefecture.[1] It spans the boundaries of the city of Misawa, the town of Tōhoku, and the village of Rokkasho in Kamikita District.

Lake Ogawara
Landsat image of Lake Ogawara
Lake Ogawara
Location	Aomori Prefecture
Coordinates	40°47′00″N 141°19′00″E
Type	dimictic lake
Primary outflows	Pacific Ocean
Basin countries	Japan
Surface area	63.2 km^2 (24.4 sq mi)
Average depth	11 m (36 ft)
Max. depth	25 m (82 ft)
Water volume	0.714 km^3 (579,000 acre⋅ft)
Residence time	0.8 years
Shore length^1	67.4 km (41.9 mi)
Surface elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Frozen	December to March
^1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure.

Data

The lake has an area of 63.2 square kilometers (24.4 sq mi) and holds 0.714 cubic kilometers (0.171 cu mi) of water. Its circumference is 67.4 kilometers (41.9 mi). At its deepest point, the water is 25 meters (82 ft) deep, with an average depth of 11 meters (36 ft). The surface is at sea level. The lake is shallow (less than 2 meters (6.6 ft) deep) from the shoreline to a distance of approximately 200 meters (660 ft), whereupon the depth drops off precipitously. The edge of Lake Ogawara is very near the coast of the Pacific Ocean, and the sand bar guarding its mouth has been breached numerous times by storms and typhoons, thus accounting for the brackish water of the lake. There are four inflowing rivers, all coming from the Hakkōda Mountains. The only outflow is the Takase River, which drains the lake to the Pacific Ocean.

History

Lake Ogawara was originally a marine bay, which became a lake approximately 3,000 years ago by the formation of a sand bar at its mouth. The shoreline around Lake Ogawara has been settled since prehistoric times, and numerous Jōmon period remains and shell middens have been discovered, most notably at the Futatsumori Site on the west bank of the lake.[2]

The lake was used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service units at Misawa Airfield to practice for the attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II due to its similarity in depth to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

The Japanese government initiated a project beginning in the 1970s to convert the lake from brackish to fresh water to serve as a source of drinking, industrial and irrigation water despite the adverse environmental impact.

On February 20, 2018, an F-16 of the US Air Force based at the nearby Misawa Air Base jettisoned two external fuel tanks into the lake after experiencing an engine fire.[3][4][5] Tests conducted in March 2018 found no residual fuel in the lake following a cleanup effort by the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. Fishermen were given 85,000,000 yen (about $800,000) in a joint payment from the US and Japanese governments for loses incurred while the lake was closed to fishing during the cleanup efforts.[6][7]

Environment

Lake Ogawara is an abundant habitat for fish and birds, and is recognized as such by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. A variety of marimo occurs naturally in the lake.

In 1996 the sound of wild birds on the shores of Lake Ogawara was selected by the Ministry of the Environment as one of the 100 Soundscapes of Japan.[8]

In 2002, the Ministry of the Environment classified Lake Ogawara to be one of the 500 Important Wetlands in Japan, particularly for its biodiversity of aquatic flora, insects, and freshwater shellfish. The lake also serves as a habitat for migratory wildfowl.[9]

The lake was previously home to the critically endangered Hucho perryi, which was last spotted in 1943. Migratory birds include the whooper swan and tundra swan, among others.

Economic activity

The lake is a commercial source of cultivated Japanese smelt, icefish, goby and shijimi.

Sources

This article incorporates material from the article 小川原湖 (Ogawarako) in the Japanese Wikipedia, retrieved on November 11, 2009.

References

1. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (2015-03-06). "Archived copy" 平成26年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調 湖沼面積（20傑） (PDF) (in Japanese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
2. "Futatsumori Site". Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan. June 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
3. "U.S. fighter jet dumps fuel tanks into Aomori Prefecture lake after engine fire". The Japan Times. February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
4. "UPDATE: U.S. fighter dumps fuel tanks during flight after engine fire". Asahi Shimbun. February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
5. Yamaguchi, Mari (February 20, 2018). "US F-16 dumps fuel tanks near fishermen in Japan lake". Air Force Times. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
6. Kusumoto, Hana (September 4, 2018). "Japanese fishermen to seek $837K payout after US jet dropped fuel tanks into lake". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
7. "【年の瀬記者ノート】青森発　米軍機、小川原湖に燃料タンク投棄　海自の高い即応能力を痛感" ["Notes from the reporter about the year" In Aomori a US military aircraft dumped fuel tanks into Lake Ogawara followed by fast response by the JMSDF]. Sankei Shimbun (in Japanese). December 24, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
8. "北海道・東北 - チャグチャグ馬コの鈴の音". Ministry of the Environment. Archived from the original on 8 June 2012. Retrieved 18 April 2011.
9. "500 Important Wetlands in Japan". No. 64 Ogawara-ko Wetlands (including Obuchi-numa, Takahoko-numa, Ichiyanagi-numa, Tamogi-numa, Takase-gawa and Ogawara-ko). The Ministry of the Environment, Japan. 2002. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2017.

External links

• International Lake Environmental Committee