Lewis Nixon III
Captain Lewis Nixon III (September 30, 1918 – January 11, 1995)[1] was a United States Army officer who, during World War II, served at the company, battalion, and regimental level with the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Nixon was portrayed in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers by Ron Livingston.
Lewis Nixon | |
|---|---|
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| Nickname(s) | "Blackbeard" "Lew" "Nix" |
| Born | September 30, 1918 New York City, New York, US |
| Died | January 11, 1995 (aged 76) Los Angeles, California, US |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service/ |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1941–1945 |
| Rank |  Captain |
| Unit |  Infantry Branch |
| Battles/wars | World War II Battle of Normandy Operation Market Garden Battle of the Bulge Operation Varsity |
| Awards | American Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal Bronze Star Presidential Unit Citation European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (3) American Defense Service Medal Army of Occupation Medal Croix de Guerre Belgian World War II Service Medal Combat Infantryman Badge Parachutist Badge (3 combat jump stars) |
| Relations |
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Early life
Lewis Nixon was born to Stanhope Wood Nixon and Doris Ryer Nixon on September 30, 1918 in New York City. He was a grandson of shipbuilder Lewis Nixon I (1861–1940) and Sally Wood Nixon (died 1937). At age seven, Lewis took third place in the model yacht regatta at Conservatory Lake in Central Park on May 22, 1926, earning a gold and bronze medal in the 35-inch (890 mm) boat class.[2] As a youth, Nixon lived in New York City and Montecito, California; he traveled the world extensively, including Germany, France, and England. Nixon graduated from Cate School in Santa Barbara, before attending Yale University[3] for two years.[4]
Military service
Nixon served during World War II. He was selected (inducted) into the United States Army on January 14, 1941, in Trenton, New Jersey.[4] After graduating from Army Officer Candidate School in 1941 as an infantry second lieutenant, he volunteered for the parachute infantry, part of the U.S. Army's fledgling airborne forces. He was assigned to E Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment (506th PIR), commanded by Colonel Robert Sink. The 506th was an independent regiment until June 1943, when it became part of the 101st Airborne Division. He went through the regimental unit training and pre-airborne training at Camp Toccoa, Georgia, and Airborne School at Fort Benning, eventually training at many locations throughout the United States. In September 1943, he was sent with the 506th to Aldbourne, Wiltshire, England, in preparation for the Allied invasion of Normandy.
Nixon was appointed as the 2nd Battalion intelligence officer (S2).[5]:103 He and the 506th parachuted into Normandy on June 6, 1944. Shortly after Easy Company fought in the Battle of Carentan on June 12, 1944, he was moved up to the regimental level as the 506th S2. He served in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany. In the Netherlands he was hit by a bullet from a German MG 42 machine gun. The bullet went through his helmet, grazed his forehead, and left a small burn mark. He developed a drinking problem,[6] and was eventually removed and assigned back down to the 2nd Battalion as the operations officer (S3), where he continued to display his skill at planning and operations, but did not have to deal with the politics and high visibility at the regimental level. In Berchtesgaden, he had first choice of a captured, extensive wine collection originally assembled at Hermann Göring's orders, comprising bottles which were stolen from wineries across France and other European occupied territories.[5]:270[7]
Nixon was one of the few men of the 101st Airborne to jump with another division or regiment. On March 24, 1945, Nixon was assigned by Major General Maxwell Taylor, the Commanding General (CG) of the 101st, to be an observer with Major General William Miley's 17th Airborne Division during Operation Varsity, the airborne crossing of the river Rhine.[8] Nixon's plane took a direct hit and only he and three others got out.[9] He is also one of very few men in the 101st to earn three Combat Jump Stars on his Jump Wings.[8]
Nixon saw the defeat of Germany and ended World War II with the rank of captain. Nixon never fired a shot in combat, though he spent much time on the front lines during intense close fighting. He returned home in September 1945.[10]
Nixon was remembered as always having a source of whisky no matter where the company was, and in particular for his love of the blended whisky Vat 69,[11] as noted in the book Band of Brothers by Stephen E. Ambrose and the miniseries made from it.
Family
On December 20, 1941, Nixon married Katharine Page of Phoenix, Arizona.[12] That marriage failed, as did the next. He married his third wife, Grace Umezawa, in 1956.[11] She had been a student [13] in California in the spring of 1942 when the President ordered the internment of Japanese Americans.[14] Richard Winters served as the best man at the wedding. Nixon got his life back together and overcame his alcoholism during their marriage. They had no children.
Later years
After the war, Nixon worked at his family's Nixon Nitration Works in Edison (then Raritan Township), New Jersey, alongside his father, Stanhope, and longtime friend, Dick Winters.[5]:306 Lewis Nixon died of complications from diabetes in Los Angeles, California, on January 11, 1995. Dick Winters gave the eulogy at Grace's request.[15]
Medals and decorations
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Bronze Star with one Oak Leaf Cluster | |
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Presidential Unit Citation with one Oak Leaf Cluster | |
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American Defense Service Medal | |
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American Campaign Medal | |
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European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with 3 service stars and arrowhead device | |
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World War II Victory Medal | |
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Army of Occupation Medal | |
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National Defense Service Medal | |
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Croix de guerre | |
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Belgian World War II Service Medal | |
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Combat Infantryman Badge | |
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Parachutist Badge with 3 combat jump stars |
References
- "Lewis Nixon - United States Social Security Death Index". FamilySearch. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- "Young Nixon Wins Yachting Honors" New York Times. 1926-05-23.
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, p. 13
- "NARA - AAD - Display Full Records - Electronic Army Serial Number Merged File, ca. 1938 - 1946 (Enlistment Records)". archives.gov. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- Ambrose, Stephen E. (1992). Band of Brothers: Easy Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-6411-6.
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, p. 240
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, pp. 220–221
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, p. 205
- Ambrose 1992, p. 245
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, p. 252
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, pp. 275–277
- "Katharine Page's Marriage". New York Times. December 21, 1941. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
Miss Katharine Page, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Hickok Page of Phoenix, Ariz., was married yesterday in the Municipal Building to Lewis Nixon 3rd, son of Mr. and Mrs. Stanhope W. Nixon of this city, and grandson of the late Lewis Nixon, naval designer. The bride was attended by her ...
- Lieberman, Bruce. "Colleges award diplomas to WWII internees". sandiegouniontribune.com. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- "Grace H Umezawa WW2 Japanese Relocation Camp Internee Records". japaneserelocation.org. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
- Winters & Kingseed 2006, pp. 276
Bibliography
- Ambrose, Stephen E. (1992). Band of Brothers: Easy Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-6411-6.
- Winters, Major Dick; Kingseed, Cole C. (2006). Beyond Band of Brothers: The War Memoirs of Major Dick Winters. Berkley Hardcover. ISBN 978-0-425-20813-7.