List of Bohemian monarchs
The Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198. Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand, first gaining the title in 1085. From 1004 to 1806, Bohemia was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and its ruler was an elector. During 1526–1804 the Kingdom of Bohemia, together with the other lands of the Bohemian Crown, had been ruled under a personal union as part of the Habsburg Monarchy. From 1804 to 1918, Bohemia had been part of the Empire of Austria, which itself had been part of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. Following the dissolution of the monarchy, the Bohemian lands, now also referred to as Czech lands, became part of Czechoslovakia, and form today's Czech Republic (Czechia) since 1993.
| Monarchy of Bohemia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| First monarch | Bořivoj I (as duke) |
| Last monarch | Charles III (as king) |
| Formation | c. 870 |
| Abolition | 28 October 1918 |
| Residence | Prague Castle, Prague |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
Legendary rulers of Bohemia
Princes of Great Moravia
- Mojmír I (c.830–846)
- Rastislav (846–870)
- Slavomír (871) (interim)
- Svatopluk I (871–894)
- Mojmír II (894–906?)
Dukes of Bohemia (c. 870–1198)
| Dukes of Bohemia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| House of Přemyslid | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
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Bořivoj I | c. 870–888/9 | |
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Spytihněv I | 894–915 | Son of Bořivoj I. |
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Vratislaus I (Vratislav) |
915–921 | Brother of Spytihněv I. |
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Wenceslaus I (Václav) |
921–935 | Son of Vratislaus I; known as St. Wenceslaus ("Good King Wenceslas" for English-speaking people), the patron saint of the Czech lands |
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Boleslaus I the Cruel (Boleslav I. Ukrutný) |
935–972 | Brother of Wenceslaus I. |
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Boleslaus II the Pious (Boleslav II. Pobožný) |
972–999 | Son of Boleslaus I. |
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Boleslaus III the Redhead (Boleslav III. Ryšavý) |
999–1002 | Son of Boleslaus II. |
| Vladivoj | 1002–1003 | Of the Piast dynasty (?). Said to be first cousin of Boleslav III. Polish name Władywoj | |
|
Boleslaus III | 1003 | Second time |
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Boleslaus IV the Brave (Boleslav Chrabrý) |
1003–1004 | Member of the Piast dynasty; brother of Vladivoj (?), grandson of Boleslaus I. Duke and later king of Poland |
 |
Jaromír | 1004–1012 | Brother of Boleslaus III. |
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Oldřich | 1012–1033 | Brother of Jaromír |
|
Jaromír | 1033–1034 | Second time |
|
Oldřich | 1034 | Second time |
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Bretislaus I (Břetislav I.) | 1034–1055 | Son of Oldřich |
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Spytihněv II | 1055–1061 | Son of Bretislaus I. |
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Vratislaus II (Vratislav II.) |
1061–1092 | Brother of Spytihněv II. King 1085–1092 as Vratislaus I. |
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Conrad I (Konrád I. Brněnský) |
1092 | Brother of Vratislavus II. |
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Bretislaus II (Břetislav II.) |
1092–1100 | Nephew of Conrad I, son of Vratislav II. |
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Bořivoj II | 1101–1107 | Brother of Bretislaus II. |
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Svatopluk (Svatopluk Olomoucký) |
1107–1109 | First cousin of Bořivoj II. |
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Vladislaus I (Vladislav I.) | 1109–1117 | Brother of Bořivoj II. |
|
Bořivoj II | 1117–1120 | Second time |
|
Vladislaus I | 1120–1125 | Second time |
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Soběslav I | 1125–1140 | Brother of Vladislaus I. |
| Vladislaus II (Vladislav II.) |
1140–1172 | Nephew of Sobeslaus I, son of Duke Vladislaus I. King 1158–1172 as Vladislaus I. | |
 |
Frederick (Bedřich) | 1172–1173 | Son of Vladislaus II. |
| Soběslav II | 1173–1178 | First cousin once removed of Frederick, Son of Sobeslaus I. | |
|
Frederick | 1178–1189 | Second time |
 |
Conrad II Otto (Konrád II. Ota) |
1189–1191 | Descendant of Conrad I. |
| Wenceslaus II (Václav II.) |
1191–1192 | Brother of Sobeslaus II. | |
 |
Ottokar I (Přemysl I. Otakar) | 1192–1193 | Son of Vladislaus II. |
| Henry Bretislaus (Jindřich Břetislav) |
1193–1197 | First cousin of Ottokar I. | |
 |
Vladislaus Henry (Vladislav Jindřich) |
1197 | Brother of Ottokar I. |
|
Ottokar I | 1197–1198 | Second time. Became king in 1198, and his descendants retained the title. |
Kings of Bohemia (1085–1092, 1158–1172, 1198–1918)
| Kings of Bohemia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| House of Přemyslid | |||
| Image | Name | Date | Notes |
|
Vratislaus II (Vratislav II.) |
1085–1092 | First King of Bohemia as of 15 June 1085. He ruled as Vratislaus I. under non-hereditary royal title. |
| Vladislaus II (Vladislav II.) |
1158–1172 | Nephew of Sobeslaus I, son of Duke Vladislaus I. King 1158–1172 as Vladislaus I. Father of king Ottokar I | |
|
Ottokar I (Přemysl I. Otakar) |
1198–1230 | First king of hereditary royal title, confirmed by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1212 by issuing Golden Bull of Sicily |
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Wenceslaus I (Václav I.) |
1230–1253 | Son of Ottokar I. |
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Ottokar II (Přemysl II. Otakar) |
1253–1278 | Son of Wenceslaus I. Also Duke of Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Friuli and margrave of Carniola. |
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Wenceslaus II (Václav II.) |
1278–1305 | Son of Ottokar II. Also Duke of Cracow (from 1291) and King of Poland (1300–1305). |
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Wenceslaus III (Václav III.) |
1305–1306 | Son of Wenceslaus II. Uncrowned (as Bohemian king). Also King of Hungary (1301–1305) and King of Poland. |
| Non-Dynastic | |||
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Henry the Carinthian (Jindřich Korutanský) |
1306 | Meinhardiner. Son-in-law of Wenceslaus II. Non-crowned. |
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Rudolph I (Rudolf I.) |
1306–1307 | Habsburg. Second husband of Elisabeth Richeza of Poland, widow of Wenceslaus II. Non-crowned. |
|
Henry the Carinthian | 1307–1310 | Second time |
| House of Luxembourg | |||
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John the Blind (Jan Lucemburský) |
1310–1346 | Son-in-law of Wenceslaus II. |
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Charles I (Karel I.) |
1346–1378 | Son of John. Also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles IV. |
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Wenceslaus IV (Václav IV.) |
1378–1419 | Son of Charles I. Also King of the Romans until 1400. |
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Sigismund (Zikmund) |
1419–1437 | Brother of Wenceslaus IV. Ruled effective 1436–1437 only (because of the Hussite Revolution). Also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary. |
| House of Habsburg | |||
 |
Albert (Albrecht Habsburský) |
1437–1439 | Son-in-law of Sigismund. Also King of the Romans and of Hungary. |
| Interregnum | 1440–1453 | The succession of Albert's son was not recognized by the Czech nobility for most of this era; the land was administered by the Landfrieden (provincial and territorial). | |
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Ladislaus the Posthumous (Ladislav Pohrobek) |
1453–1457 | Son of Albert born after his father's death. Also King of Hungary. |
| Non-Dynastic | |||
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George of Podebrady (Jiří z Poděbrad) |
1457–1471 | Elected king from the Czech noble family House of Kunštát. Although he had descendants, the succession devolved to the prince from Polish kingdom. |
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Matthias I (Matyáš I. Korvín) |
1469–1490 | King of Hungary, elected by the insurgent Catholic Czech aristocrats as anti-king in 1469, but never crowned. In 1479, he agreed to limit his rule to Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia, while retaining his title. |
| House of Jagiellon | |||
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Vladislaus II the Jagiellonian (Vladislav II. Jagellonský) |
1471–1516 | Nephew of Ladislaus the Posthumous; elected on request of his predecessor George. Also King of Hungary after 1490. |
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Louis the Jagiellonian (Ludvík Jagellonský) |
1516–1526 | Son of Vladislaus II. Also King of Hungary. |
| House of Habsburg | |||
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Ferdinand I | 1526–1564 | Brother-in-law of Louis; elected king. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor-elect from 1558. |
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Maximilian I (Maxmilián I.) |
1564–1576 | Son of Ferdinand I, grandson of Vladislaus II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Rudolph II (Rudolf II.) |
1576–1611 | Son of Maximilian I. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Matthias II (Matyáš II.) |
1611–1619 | Brother of Rudolph II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Ferdinand II | 1619–1637 | Cousin of Matthias. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
| House of Wittelsbach | |||
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Frederick I (Fridrich I.) |
1619–1620 | Elected by the Crown's Estates at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, but after losing the Battle of White Mountain, he fled the country. |
| House of Habsburg | |||
 |
Ferdinand III | 1637–1657 | Son of Ferdinand II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. From this time on, Bohemia no longer had an elective monarchy, with the Habsburgs having imposed their exclusive rule at the Battle of the White Mountain. |
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Ferdinand IV | 1646–1654 | Son of Ferdinand III. Junior co-monarch during his father's reign. Also King of Hungary and King of the Romans. |
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Leopold I | 1657–1705 | Brother of Ferdinand IV. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Joseph I (Josef I.) |
1705–1711 | Son of Leopold I. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Charles II (Karel II.) |
1711–1740 | Brother of Joseph I. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VI. |
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Maria Theresa (Marie Terezie) |
1740–1780 | Daughter of Charles II. Also Queen of Hungary. |
| House of Wittelsbach | |||
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Charles Albert (Karel Albrecht) |
1741–1743 | Son-in-law of Joseph I. Anti-king to Maria Theresa during the War of the Austrian Succession. Also Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VII. |
| House of Habsburg-Lorraine | |||
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Joseph II (Josef II.) |
1780–1790 | Son of Maria Theresa. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Leopold II | 1790–1792 | Brother of Joseph II. Also King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor. |
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Francis I (František I.) |
1792–1835 | Son of Leopold II. Also King of Hungary, Holy Roman Emperor to 1806, Emperor of Austria from 1804. |
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Ferdinand V | 1835–1848 | Son of Francis I. Also Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. Last crowned King of Bohemia. Forced to abdicate during the Revolution of 1848. |
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Francis Joseph I (František Josef I.) |
1848–1916 | Nephew of Ferdinand V. Also Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. |
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Charles III (Karel III.) |
1916–1918 | Grandnephew of Francis Joseph I. Also Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. Ruled briefly during World War I; in November 1918 renounced participation in state affairs but did not abdicate. |
See also
- Bohemian monarchs topics
- Bohemian royal houses
- List of rulers of Czechs
- List of Bohemian consorts
- Medieval Bohemian nobility
| Přemyslid | | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-dynastic |
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| Luxembourg |
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| Habsburg |
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| Non-dynastic |
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| Jagiellonian |
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| Habsburg |
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| Habsburg-Lorraine |
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