List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Georgia

Note: This is a sublist of List of Confederate monuments and memorials from the Georgia section.

This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials in Georgia that were established as public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public works.[note 1]

This list does not include items which are largely historic in nature such as historic markers or battlefield parks if they were not established to honor the Confederacy. Nor does it include figures connected with the origins of the Civil War or white supremacy, but not with the Confederacy.

Georgia has a statute making it difficult to remove Confederate monuments because it is unlawful to damage, relocate or remove any memorials honoring any military personnel of the state or USA or the Confederate States of America.[2]

As of 24 June 2020, there are at least 201 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Georgia.[3]

State capitol
John Brown Gordon statue in front of the Georgia State Capitol

State flag
Flag of Georgia since 2003

The current (2019) Georgia flag is based on the first national flag of the Confederacy, which was nicknamed the "Stars and Bars".[7]

State holiday

Stone Mountain (state monument)
Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Carving (1923-72)

Stone Mountain is owned by the state of Georgia. When Georgia purchased the site, "it was designated as a memorial to the Confederacy".[9] The Stone Mountain Park officially opened on April 14, 1965 – 100 years to the day after Lincoln's assassination.[10] Site of the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan (the Second Clan), on the top of the mountain, with cross burning, in 1915. Stone Mountain was the location of an annual Labor Day cross-burning ceremony for the next 50 years.[11] In 2019 it is the most-visited attraction in the state of Georgia.[12]

  • Four flags of the Confederacy are flown.[13]
  • The Stone Mountain Memorial Lawn "contains...thirteen terraces — one for each Confederate state.... Each terrace flies the flag that the state flew as member of the Confederacy."[4]
  • Stone Mountain Confederate Memorial Carving, 1923–72, the largest such carving in the world.

Buildings

Monuments

Courthouse monuments

Other public monuments
Henry Wirz memorial, Andersonville
Crisp County Confederate Monument, Cordele
Alexander H. Stephens statue, A. H. Stephens Historic Park, Crawfordville
Joseph E. Johnston, Dalton
Unveiling of "Dutchy", Elberton
Monument to the Great Locomotive Chase, Ringgold
  • Abbeville: Confederate Memorial Monument (1909)
  • Americus: Confederate Monument (1900)
  • Andersonville: Andersonville National Historic Site: Monument to Henry Wirz, Commander of the Confederate prison, Camp Sumter, at Andersonville, "where approximately thirteen thousand Union troops...died of disease, starvation, and exposure."[36] Erected by UDC in 1909.[37]
  • Athens: Athens Confederate Monument (1872)[38]
  • Atlanta
    • Jefferson Davis Highway Marker, on East College Avenue near South McDonough St. Marked U.D.C. (United Daughters of the Confederacy), June 12, 1931.[4]
    • CSA Brig. Gen. Alfred Iverson Jr. Monument[39]
    • Oakland Cemetery
      • Confederate Obelisk, inscribed "Our Confederate Dead 1873", in the Confederate section of the cemetery. Made of Stone Mountain granite, it is the tallest object in the Cemetery.[4] In 2019 the city decided to add e marker contextualizing its continued placement on state-owned property.[12]
      • Lion of the Confederacy, also known as the Lion of Atlanta,[40] inscribed "Unknown Confederate Dead".[4] Created to memorialize "the lost cause".... "The Lion is actually a locally made copy of the Lion of Lucerne, a memorial to hundreds of Swiss Guards who died in the service of a much different but equally lost cause: defending the royal family in Paris during the French Revolution."[40] Mark Twain called it (the Lion of Lucerne) "the most mournful and moving piece of stone in the world."[40] "Carved by T. M. Brady, who owned the Georgia Marble Finishing Works in Canton." It is surrounded by "the remains of 3,000 unknown Confederate dead.... It was commissioned by the Atlanta Ladies Memorial Association and dedicated on Confederate Memorial Day in 1894."[40] In 2019 the city decided to add marker contextualizing its continued placement on state-owned property.[12] Its intricately carved face was smashed by rioters during the first week of June 2020.
    • Peachtree Battle Avenue Monument (1935), a stone-engraved memorial commemorating the Battle of Peachtree Creek (1864). Because state law prohibits its removal, to provide "context", in 2019 a panel was added saying: "[The monument] describes the United States after the civil war as a perfected nation. This ignores the segregation and disenfranchisement of African Americans and others that still existed in 1935."[12]
    • Peace Monument (1911), Allen George Newman, sculptor, inside the 14th Street gate of Piedmont Park. Features a winged goddess declaring "Cease Firing – Peace Is Proclaimed," to a Confederate soldier holding a rifle. Defaced by protestors after the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally, August 13, 2017.[41] A committee set up by then-Mayor Kasim Reed in 2017 recommended it be removed.[42] Since state law prohibits this, the decision was made in 2019 to add a "contextual" panel, pointing out that the monument ignores the 200,000 African Americans that have served in the U.S. Army.[12]
    • Rhodes Hall, formerly a private mansion, features a set of stained-glass windows entitled "The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy."[4]
    • Sidney Lanier Monument (1914), a stele and bust honoring Sidney Lanier, a former Confederate soldier and the "Poet of the Confederacy".[43][44]
    • W.H.T. Walker Monument, on the spot where he was shot and killed by a Union sniper. At intersection of Wilkinson Drive and Glenwood Avenue.[4] One half mile to the west, at the intersection of Monument and McPherson Avenues, is a memorial erected by the U.S. Army for Major General John B. McPherson on the spot at which he was killed by Confederate forces on the same day (July 22, 1864, during the Battle of Atlanta).[4]
    • Westview Cemetery Memorial. Marks the site of the Battle of Ezra Church. A soldier on an obelisk, above two small stone cannons and cannonballs. Inscribed "Nation shall not lift sword against nation" (Isaiah 2:4). Confederate flag flown, along with U.S. and Georgia flags.
    • Eternal Flame of the Confederacy Monument (1939), a pre-Civil War gas streetlamp that was part of the Atlanta premiere of the film Gone with the Wind, now at the Atlanta History Center. Its plaque reads:
      The Eternal Flame of the Confederacy
      Lighted during the "Gone with the Wind" festivities, December 14, 1939 by the Old Guard Battalion of the Gate City Guard.
The Gate City Guard was "a Confederate-era city militia".[4] The streetlamp was originally located at the corner of Alabama and Whitehall (now Peachtree) Streets, and was moved several times prior to its installation in Underground Atlanta. Redevelopment of that area led the city to want to remove it. Since it was valued at less than $500, the Georgia law controlling historic monuments did not apply.[4] The Atlanta History Center purchased the streetlamp for $10.[45]
  • Augusta
  • Baxley: Confederate memorial
  • Brunswick: Confederate memorial in Hanover Square[48]
  • Calhoun: Confederate Soldier and Memorial Arch, 1927.[49]
  • Canton: Confederate Memorial Arch, Brown Park, 1923.[50]
  • Cochran: Bleckley County Confederate Monument, old Cochran City School, 1910.[51][52]
  • Cockspur Island: Immortal Six Hundred at Fort Pulaski National Monument
  • Columbus:
    • Confederate Monument, city street median, 1879.[53]
    • Tyler Home – Ladies Aid Society Memorial, Veteran's Parkway, 1936.[54]
  • Commerce: UDC monument (1941) in Spencer Park to women and veterans of the War Between the States. High school students sang Dixie at the dedication ceremony.[34]
  • Cordele: Crisp County Confederate Monument, community clubhouse, 1911.[55]
  • Crawfordville: Alexander H. Stephens statue (1893), A. H. Stephens Historic Park, Crawfordville[56]
  • Cuthbert: Randolph County Confederate Monument, city park, 1910.[57]
  • Dalton: Two memorials to CSA Gen. Joseph E. Johnston:
    • Johnson statue (1912) in downtown Dalton. The UDC commissioned Belle Kinney to sculpt the bronze statue, in which Johnston is posed with "an expression of deep thought, with his sword resting at his feet". Kinney explained, "General Johnston, in command of an army vastly inferior in numbers to General Sherman's army, had to use his brains more than his sword; hence I made the sword subservient to the brain."[58]
    • Memorial plaque at Johnston Headquarters, Huff House[59]
  • Decatur: DeKalb County Confederate Monument. Obelisk located behind Old DeKalb County Courthouse on Decatur Square. The monument has been defaced several times.[60] A petition is calling for its removal.[61] According to the DeKalb County Commission, part of the problem is that no one wants it. "The county has spent months trying to find takers for the monument. Officials purchased advertisements and cold called museums and parks."[62] Removed in 2020 following George Floyd protests.[63]
  • Douglas: Confederate memorial, corner of Peterson Avenue (U.S. Route 441 southbound) and Ward Street (U.S. Route 221 Business westbound).
  • Eatonton: Eatonton Confederate Monument, median in front of the Putnam County Courthouse, 1908.[64]
  • Elberton:
    • "Dutchy" (dedicated 1898; removed 1900; placed on display in Elberton 1982). Wanting to promote its granite industry and honor the Lost Cause, Elberton commissioned an Italian immigrant who "had clearly never seen a Confederate soldier" to sculpt a 3,000 lb (1,400 kg) granite monument. Unveiled in 1898, the sculpture had a cartoonish face, bulbous eyes, and appeared to be wearing a Union Army uniform. Nicknamed "Dutchy" because it looked like a cross between a Pennsylvania Dutchman and a hippopotamus, the monument was pulled down and buried where it fell in the town square in 1900. The sculpture was exhumed in 1982, run through a local car wash, and then placed on display in the Elberton Granite Museum, where it remains.[65][66]
    • Elbert County Confederate Memorial (1898), Elberton Town Plaza[67]
  • Fitzgerald: Jefferson Davis Monument, Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site, 1920.
  • Fort Oglethorpe: Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park. Numerous monuments and memorials to Confederate soldiers and units, as well as Union monuments.
  • Franklin: Heard County Confederate Monument, Veterans Park, 1999.[68]
  • Gainesville:
    • "Old Joe", Hall County Confederate Monument, town square, 1909.[69]
    • A totem pole honoring local Confederate soldiers was erected in 1936 at Redwine Methodist Church. The monument no longer exists.[34]
    • Statue of CSA General James Longstreet at his home[34]
  • Gray: Memorial to soldiers in the War Between the States and the World War.
  • Griffin: Confederate Monument, Veterans Memorial Plaza, 1909.[70]
  • Hamilton: Memorial honoring Confederate dead.
  • Hawkinsville: Confederate Sons of America memorial (Confederate States of America?)
  • Jefferson: Confederate memorial in the downtown.[71]
  • Jeffersonville: Confederate Memorial, across the street from the Twiggs County Courthouse, 1911.[72]
  • Kingston: First Confederate Hospital of the Civil War, Main Street.[73]
  • LaFayette: Walker County Confederate Monument, John B. Gordon Hall, 1909.[74][75]
  • LaGrange: Monument to the Confederate Soldier, median, 1902.[76]
  • Lincolnton: Lincoln County Confederate Monument, center of town.[77]
  • Macon: Bibb County Confederate Monument, triangle park downtown, 1879.[78] Moved to present location in 1956.
  • Madison: Morgan County Confederate Monument, Hill Park, 1909.[79]
  • Marietta: Confederate memorial (1908), Marietta Confederate Cemetery[80]
  • McDonough: Confederate Memorial, courthouse square, 1910[81]
  • Milledgeville: Confederate Memorial Fountain, downtown median, erected by United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1912. 20 feet (6.1 m) fall. Originally across from Post Office and Courthouse; later moved to street in front of Georgia Military College. "On the front is 'CSA' and the furled battle flag with a broken shaft. Under the lion's head is a covered bowl. The soldier is standing with a gun. His heroism in the presence of the conquering foe was equaled only by his generosity to his fallen enemy. Reading around the monument, starting in the back it reads: '1861'; To the memory of the Confederate soldier who's [sic] game is as imperishable as the everlasting hills, who's courage is as unrivaled. Sing the dawn of civilization who's name shines in undying glory to the pages of history this monument is lovingly erected by the Robert E. Lee Chapter Daughters of the Confederacy of Milledgeville, Georgia. Unconquerable patriotism and – self-sacrifice rendered, adopted the effort of his enemies. After his flag had folded forever, to destroy his proud inheritance."[82]
  • Montezuma: Macon County Confederate Monument, 1911.[83] "The first Macon County monument is currently located in Fannie Carmichael Park and faces east. It is a soldier with both hands on his grounded rifle. There are lion heads on each side. It was erected by the Phil Cook Chapter of the UDC in January 1911. The monument was moved in 1965 from the middle of Dooly Street in the middle of Montezuma."[19]
  • Monticello: Jasper County Confederate Monument, City Square, 1910.[84] "To the Confederate soldiers of Jasper County, the record of whose sublime self sacrifice and undying devotion to duty, in the service of their country is the proud heritage of a local posterity."[85]
  • Newnan: Stone monument to William Thomas Overby, called "Nathan Hale" of the Confederacy (1956). Erected 1956 by Alfred Colquitt and Newnan Chapters UDC. "[86]
  • Resaca Confederate Cemetery
  • Richmond Hill: Equestrian statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee, located in J. F. Gregory City Park.
  • Ringgold:
  • Sandersville: "There is a large wooden cross on a three stepped stone base dedicated by the Ladies Memorial Association in the cemetery. It was intended to serve as a tribute to Confederate war dead until a marble memorial could be erected. Now, a marble obelisk dates from 1897 (the year the local UDC chapter came about) in the Sandersville cemetery."[19]
Francis S. Bartow in Savannah, Georgia
  • Savannah:
  • Springfield: Confederate Memorial, across from Effington County Courthouse, 1923.[92]
  • Talbotton: Confederate memorial
  • Tennille: "A Confederate monument was dedicated in April 1917 by the J.D. Franklin Chapter of the UDC. It originally stood in a park called the square in the middle of the town and was originally a fountain with bowls on four sides of an eight-foot shaft. The Confederate battle flag is incised on the shaft. It is currently located at the police station."
  • Thomson: Monument to the Women of the Sixties, McDuffie County Chamber of Commerce, 1911.[93]
  • Tifton: Tift County Confederate Memorial, Fulwood Park, 1910, rededicated 1992.[94]
  • Trenton: Confederate Memorial in Veterans Park next to the town square.
  • Union Point:
    • Confederate Reunion Memorial, along city sidewalk, 1874.[95]
    • Confederate Wayside Home Monument, wide median, 1936.[96]
  • Waycross: Ware County Confederate, Phoenix Park, 1910.[97]
  • Waynesboro: Confederate Memorial Cemetery, burial site of 49 Confederate soldiers[98]
  • Waynesville: Confederate Soldiers Park[99]

Private monuments

Inhabited places

Parks

Public works

Roads
Jefferson Davis Highway marker in Irwin County

Schools

City symbols

Photos
  • Augusta
  • Columbus
  • Savannah
  • Stone Mountain
  • Baxley
  • Nashville
  • Irwin County
  • Fort Pulaski (Immortal Six Hundred)
  • Douglas
  • Jeffersonville
  • Cartersville
  • Hawkinsville
  • McDonough
  • Hinesville
  • Dublin
  • Eastman
  • Millen
  • Valdosta
  • Waycross
  • Butler
  • Talbotton
  • Crawfordville
  • Thomaston
  • Thomaston
  • Oglethorpe
  • Gray
  • Mount Vernon
  • Quitman
  • Statesboro
  • Patrick R. Cleburne statue, Ringgold
  • Kennesaw Mountain – 14 generals
  • Hamilton
  • Brunswick
  • Montezuma
  • Waynesville
  • Lumpkin
  • Wrightsville
  • Newnan

See also

References

Notes
  1. "In an effort to assist the efforts of local communities to re-examine these symbols, the SPLC launched a study to catalog them. For the final tally, the researchers excluded nearly 2,600 markers, battlefields, museums, cemeteries and other places or symbols that are largely historical in nature."[1]
  2. Fitzgerald was formed in 1895 for veterans of the war, from the North and the South. Streets running north–south on the west side of the city were named after Confederate ships and generals, whereas the ones on the east side were named after Union ships and generals. See Fitzgerald, Georgia#History.

References
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  2. Jim Galloway, Political Insider blog (August 17, 2017). "The Georgia law that protects Stone Mountain, other Confederate monuments". ajc.
  3. "Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy". Southern Poverty Law Center. February 1, 2019.
  4. Corson, Pete. "Photos: Confederate memorials in metro Atlanta". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  6. "Fulton County Historical Markers. To the Memory of William Ambrose Wright". GeorgiaInfo, an online Georgia almanac. Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
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  8. Government of Georgia. "State Holidays". Retrieved October 2, 2018.
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  10. McKinney, Debra (Spring 2018). "Stone Mountain. A Monumental Dilemma". Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report. No. 164. pp. 18–22.
  11. Petrella, Christopher (March 30, 2016). "On Stone Mountain". Boston Review.
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  106. Tybe BB
  107. Lanier Elementary School website
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  109. Magee, David (2007). The South is Round. Jefferson Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0977808625.


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