List of Israeli Ashkenazi Jews

This is a list of notable Israeli Ashkenazi Jews, including both original immigrants who obtained Israeli citizenship and their Israeli descendants.

Lists of Israelis
By ethnicity
Israeli Jews:
Ashkenazi Jews Ethiopian Jews Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews
Arab citizens of Israel:
Arab Muslims · Druze · Arab Christians
Various:
Circassians
By descent
Afghan  · Algerian  · American  · Argentine  · Armenian  · Australian  · Austrian
Belarusian  · Belgian  · Bosnian  · Brazilian  · British  · Bulgarian
Canadian  · Chilean  · Chinese  · Croatian  · Czech
Danish  · Dutch
Egyptian  · Estonian  · Ethiopian
Finnish  · French
Georgian  · German  · Greek  · Guatemalan
Hungarian
Indian  · Iranian  · Iraqi  · Irish  · Italian
Kazakhstani
Latvian  · Libyan  · Lithuanian
Mexican  · Moldovan  · Moroccan  · Nigerian
Polish
Romanian  · Russian
Serbian  · Slovak  · South African  · Sudanese  · Swedish  · Swiss  · Syrian
Tunisian  · Turkish
Ukrainian  · Uzbekistani
Yemeni
By place of residence

Although traditionally the term "Ashkenazi Jews" was used as an all-encompassing term referring to the Jews descended from the Jewish communities of Europe, due to the melting pot effect of Israeli society the term "Ashkenazi Jews" gradually becomes more vague as many of the Israeli descendants of the Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants gradually adopted the characteristics of Israeli culture and as more descendants intermarry with descendants of other Jewish communities.

The list is ordered by category of human endeavor. Persons with significant contributions in two of these are listed in both of them, to facilitate easy lookup.

Politicians

• Shulamit Aloni – former minister[1]
• Ehud Barak – prime minister (1999–01)[2]
• Menachem Begin – prime minister (1977–83); Nobel Peace Prize (1978)[3]
• Yossi Beilin – leader of the Meretz-Yachad party and peace negotiator[4]
• David Ben-Gurion – first Prime Minister of Israel (1948–54, 1955–63)[5]
• Yitzhak Ben-Zvi – first elected/second president President of Israel (1952–63)[6]
• Gilad Erdan[7]
• Levi Eshkol – prime minister (1963–69)[8]
• Miriam Feirberg[9]
• Yael German[10]
• Teddy Kollek – former mayor of Jerusalem[11]
• Yosef Lapid – former leader of the Shinui party[12][13]
• Golda Meir – prime minister (1969–74)[14]
• Benjamin Netanyahu – prime minister (1996–99, 2009–); was minister of finance; Likud party chairman[15]
• Ehud Olmert – prime minister (2006–09); former mayor of Jerusalem[16]
• Shimon Peres – President of Israel (2007–); prime minister (1984–86, 1995–96); Nobel Peace Prize (1994)[17]
• Yitzhak Rabin – prime minister (1974–77, 1992–95); Nobel Peace Prize (1994) (assassinated November 1995)[18]
• Yitzhak Shamir – prime minister (1983–84, 1986–92)[19]
• Moshe Sharett – prime minister (1954–55)[20]
• Ariel Sharon – prime minister (2001–06)[21]
• Chaim Weizmann – first President of Israel (1949–52)[22]
• Rehavam Zeevi – founder of the Moledet party (assassinated October 2001)[23]
• Shelly Yachimovich – former leader of the opposition.[24]

• 
  David Ben-Gurion
• 
  Chaim Weizmann
• 
  Moshe Sharett
• 
  Golda Meir
• 
  Yitzhak Rabin
• 
  Shulamit Aloni
• 
  Menachem Begin
• 
  Ariel Sharon
• 
  Benjamin Netanyahu

Military

• Yigal Allon – politician, a commander of the Palmach, and a general in the IDF[25]
• Haim Bar-Lev – former Chief of General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces
• Moshe Dayan – military leader[26]
• Giora Epstein – combat pilot, modern-day "ace of aces"[27]
• Uziel Gal – designer of the Uzi submachine gun[28]
• Benny Gantz – former Chief of General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces[29]
• Wolfgang Lotz – spy[30]
• Tzvi Malkhin – Mossad agent, captured Adolf Eichmann[31]
• Yonatan Netanyahu – Sayeret Matkal commando, leader of Operation Entebbe
• Yitzhak Rabin – military leader and fifth Prime Minister of Israel[32]
• Ilan Ramon – astronaut on Columbia flight STS-107[33]
• Gilad Shalit – kidnapped soldier held in Gaza[34]
• Yael Rom – first female to graduate from a full military flight course in the Western world; first woman to graduate from the Israeli Air Force[35]

• 
  Yigal Allon
• 
  Haim Bar-Lev
• 
  Moshe Dayan
• 
  Uziel Gal
• 
  Yitzhak Rabin
• 
  Ilan Ramon
• 
  Benny Gantz
• 
  Gilad Shalit

Religious figures

Religious-rabbis

Israel Meir Lau

• David Hartman[36]
• Avraham Yitzchak Kook (1865–1935) – pre-state Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of the Land of Israel,[37]
• Israel Meir Lau – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel (1993–2003), Chief Rabbi of Netanya (1978–88), (1937–)[38]
• Aharon Lichtenstein[39]
• Yona Metzger – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Israel[40]
• Shlomo Riskin – Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of Efrat[41]

Haredi rabbis

Uri Zohar

• Yaakov Aryeh Alter – Gerrer Rebbe[42]
• Shlomo Zalman Auerbach[43]
• Yaakov Blau[44]
• Yisroel Moshe Dushinsky – second Dushinsky rebbe and Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)[45]
• Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky – first Dushinsky rebbe and Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)[45]
• Yosef Tzvi Dushinsky – third Dushinsky rebbe[46]
• Yosef Sholom Eliashiv[47]
• Issamar Ginzberg – Nadvorna-Kechnia Rebbe [48][49]
• Chaim Kanievsky[50]
• Avraham Yeshayeh Karelitz (1878–1953) – Chazon Ish[51]
• Nissim Karelitz – Head Justice of Rabbinical Court of Bnei Brak[52][53]
• Meir Kessler – Chief Rabbi of Modi'in Illit
• Zundel Kroizer (1924–2014) – author of Ohr Hachamah
• Dov Landau – rosh yeshiva of the Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak
• Yissachar Dov Rokeach – Belzer rebbe[54]
• Yitzchok Scheiner (born 1922) – rosh yeshiva of the Kamenitz yeshiva of Jerusalem[55][56]
• Elazar Menachem Shach (1899–2001) – Rav Shach[57]
• Moshe Shmuel Shapira – rosh yeshiva of Beer Yaakov
• Dovid Shmidel – Chairman of Asra Kadisha[58]
• Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)[59]
• Yitzchok Tuvia Weiss – Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem (Edah HaChareidis)[60]
• Amram Zaks (1926–2012) – rosh yeshiva of the Slabodka yeshiva of Bnei Brak[61]
• Uri Zohar – former film director, actor, and comedian who left the entertainment world to become a rabbi[62]

Activists

Natan Sharansky

• Uri Avnery – peace activist, Gush Shalom[63]
• Yael Dayan – writer, politician, activist[64]
• Michael Dorfman – Russian-Israeli essayist and human rights activist[65]
• Uzi Even – gay rights activist[66]
• Yehuda Glick – Israeli activist and rabbi who campaigned for expanding Jewish access to the Temple Mount[67]
• Daphni Leef – Israeli activist; in 2011 sparked one of the largest waves of mass protest in Israel's history[68]
• Rudy Rochman - Jewish, Zionist activist
• Uri Savir – peace negotiator, Peres Center for Peace[69]
• Israel Shahak – political activist[70]
• Natan Sharansky – Soviet-era human rights activistref>Christopher Lehmann-Haupt (May 3, 2002). "Ida Milgrom, 94, Dies; Helped Free a Son Held by Soviets". The New York Times.</ref>

Cultural and entertainment figures

Film, TV, and stage

Gila Almagor – actress[71] Anat Atzmon – actress Mili Avital – actress Aki Avni – actor Mike Burstyn – actor Assi Dayan – actor, director Ya'akov Eilon – news anchorman Oded Fehr – actor Ari Folman – director Eytan Fox – director Tal Friedman – comedian, actor and musician Uri Geller – TV personality, self-proclaimed psychic Avri Gilad – media personality Amos Gitai – director Menahem Golan – director and producer Arnon Goldfinger – director Zvika Hadar – comedian, actor Miki Haimovich – news anchorwoman Rami Heuberger – actor, comedian Moti Kirschenbaum – media personality and documentarian Eyal Kitzis – actor, comedian and TV host Amos Kollek – director, writer Mikhail Kozakov – director, actor Avi Kushnir – comedian, actor and host Hanna Laslo – actress Yonit Levi – news anchorwoman

Yaron London – media personality, journalist, actor and songwriter Hanna Maron – actress Adir Miller – comedian, actor Keren Mor – actress, comedian Zachi Noy – actor Shaike Ophir – comedian, actor Yisrael Poliakov – comedian, actor Natalie Portman – actress Odeya Rush – actress Yuval Semo – comedian, actor Tzipi Shavit – comedian, actress Dan Shilon – television host, director, and producer Alona Tal – actress Chaim Topol – actor Dudu Topaz – TV personality, comedian, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author, radio and television host Tuvia Tzafir – comedian, actor Samuel Vilozny – comedian, actor Orly Weinerman Michal Yannai – actress Haim Yavin – long-serving TV anchor Alma Zack – comedian, actress Uri Zohar – former film director, actor, and comedian who left the entertainment world to become a rabbi Ayelet Zurer – actress

• 
  Natalie Portman
• 
  Yisrael Poliakov
• 
  Assi Dayan
• 
  Uri Geller
• 
  Zvika Hadar
• 
  Yaron London
• 
  Menahem Golan
• 
  Gila Almagor
• 
  Yonit Levi
• 
  Odeya Rush

Popular musicians

Chava Alberstein – singer/songwriter Yardena Arazi – singer and TV host Meir Ariel – singer Shlomo Artzi – singer/songwriter Izhar Ashdot – singer Miri Ben-Ari – jazz and hip hop violinist Dana Berger – singer Yoni Bloch – rock singer, songwriter and composer Mike Brant – French-language singer David Broza – singer/songwriter Matti Caspi – singer, multi-instrumentalist and composer Arik Einstein – singer, actor, writer Aviv Geffen – singer/songwriter Gidi Gov – singer

Shlomo Gronich – singer and composer Arkadi Duchin – singer-songwriter and musical producer Ehud Manor – songwriter and translator Esther Ofarim – singer Svika Pick – pop singer and composer Idan Raichel – Ethiopian and Israeli music Yoni Rechter – composer and arranger Danny Sanderson – musician, singer-songwriter and guitarist Naomi Shemer – songwriter Gene Simmons – rock singer, bassist and co-vocalist of the band Kiss Hillel Slovak – guitarist Uzi Hitman – singer, songwriter, composer and television personality Yaffa Yarkoni – singer

• 
  Gidi Gov
• 
  Yardena Arazi
• 
  Svika Pick
• 
  Shlomo Artzi
• 
  Matti Caspi
• 
  Aviv Geffen
• 
  Ivri Lider
• 
  Chava Alberstein
• 
  Yoni Bloch
• 
  Dana Berger
• 
  Gene Simmons

Classical musicians

Itzhak Perlman

Yardena Arazi – solo singer Moshe Atzmon – conductor Rami Bar-Niv – pianist and composer Daniel Barenboim – conductor and pianist Paul Ben-Haim – composer Bart Berman – pianist Gary Bertini – conductor Natan Brand – pianist Nir Brand – conductor Yefim Bronfman – pianist Avner Dorman – composer Dror Elimelech – composer Giora Feidman – clarinetist Ivry Gitlis – violinist Matt Haimovitz – cellist Ofra Harnoy – cellist Eliahu Inbal – conductor Sharon Kam – clarinetist Amir Katz – pianist

Yoel Levi – conductor Mischa Maisky – cellist Shlomo Mintz – violinist Yael Naïm – solo singer/musician Itzhak Perlman – violinist Shulamit Ran – composer Leon Schidlowsky – composer Inbal Segev – cellist Gil Shaham – violinist Hagai Shaham – violinist Michael Shani – conductor Noam Sheriff – composer Gil Shohat – composer Josef Tal – composer Yoav Talmi – conductor Arie Vardi – pianist Ilana Vered – pianist Pinchas Zukerman – violinist

Writers

Shmuel Yosef Agnon (Shmuel Yosef Halevi Czaczkes) – author, Nobel Prize in Literature (1966) Nathan Alterman – poet Yehuda Amichai (Ludwig Pfeuffer) – poet Aharon Appelfeld – author, Prix Médicis étranger (2004) Dahn Ben-Amotz – author Ron Ben-Yishai – journalist Nahum Benari – author and playwright Max Brod – author, composer and friend of Kafka Orly Castel-Bloom – author Yehonatan Geffen – author, poet and lyricist Leah Goldberg – poet Uri Zvi Greenberg – poet David Grossman – writer Batya Gur – author Amira Hass – journalist and author Haim Hefer – songwriter, poet and writer Shmuel Katz – author and journalist Etgar Keret – author Ephraim Kishon – satirist Hanoch Levin – playwright

Julius Margolin – writer Aharon Megged – author Samir Naqqash – novelist Uri Orlev – author, Hans Christian Andersen Award (1996) Amos Oz (Amos Klausner) – author and journalist, Goethe Prize (2005) Dahlia Ravikovich – poet Ruchoma Shain – author Meir Shalev – author and journalist Zeruya Shalev – author Moshe Shamir – author, poet Naomi Shemer – songwriter and lyricist Mati Shemoelof – poet, editor and journalist Avraham Shlonsky – poet Avraham Stern – poet Abraham Sutzkever – Yiddish poet A.B. Yehoshua – author Nathan Zach – poet Zelda – poet Benny Ziffer – author, journalist and translator

• 
  Shmuel Yosef Agnon
• 
  Nathan Alterman
• 
  Etgar Keret
• 
  Amos Oz
• 
  Haim Hefer

Artists

Dudu Geva

• Yaacov Agam – kinetic artist
• Yitzhak Danziger – sculptor
• Uri Fink – comic book artist and writer
• Dudu Geva – artist and comic-strip illustrator
• Nachum Gutman – painter
• Israel Hershberg – realist painter
• Shimshon Holzman – painter

Models

Bar Refaeli

• Yael Bar Zohar – model
• Michaela Bercu – model
• Nina Brosh – model
• Anat Elimelech – model and actress; murdered in 1997 by her partner
• Gal Gadot – model and actress
• Esti Ginzborg – model
• Heli Goldenberg – former model and actress
• Yael Goldman – model
• Galit Gutmann – model
• Adi Himmelbleu – model
• Mor Katzir
• Rina Mor – model
• Hilla Nachshon – model
• Bar Refaeli – model
• Shiraz Tal – model
• Pnina Rosenblum – former model

Academic figures

Physics and chemistry

Arieh Warshel, 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Laureate for "the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"

• Yakir Aharonov – physicist, Aharonov–Bohm effect and winner of the 1998 Wolf Prize in Physics
• Jacob Bekenstein – black hole thermodynamics
• David Deutsch – quantum computing pioneer; 1998 Paul Dirac Prize winner
• Richard Feynman – path integral formation, quantum theory, superfluidity; winner of 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics
• Josef Imry – physicist
• Joshua Jortner – molecular energy; 1988 winner of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry
• Aaron Katzir – physical chemistry
• Ephraim Katzir – immobilized enzymes; Japan Prize (1985) and the fourth President of Israel
• Rafi Levine – molecular energy; 1988 winner of the Wolf Prize in Chemistry
• Zvi Lipkin – physicist
• Mordehai Milgrom – modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND)
• Yuval Ne'eman – the "Eightfold way"
• Asher Peres – quantum theory
• Alexander Pines – nuclear magnetic resonance; Wolf Prize in Chemistry Laureate (1991)
• Giulio Racah – spectroscopy
• Nathan Rosen – EPR paradox
• Nathan Seiberg – string theory
• Dan Shechtman – chemist; winner of the 1999 Wolf Prize in Physics and Winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "the discovery of quasicrystals"[72]
• Igal Talmi – particle physics
• Reshef Tenne – discovered inorganic fullerenes and inorganic nanotubes
• Arieh Warshel – chemist, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and contributed to the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"[73][74]
• Chaim Weizmann – acetone production

Biology and medicine

Aaron Ciechanover

Ada Yonath

• Ruth Arnon – developed Copaxone; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1998)
• Aaron Ciechanover – ubiquitin system; Lasker Award (2000), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004)
• Moshe Feldenkrais – invented Feldenkrais method used in movement therapy
• Lior Gepstein – received American College of Cardiology's Zipes Award for his development of heart cells and pacemakers from stem cells[75]
• Eyal Gur – selected by Newsweek as one of the world's top microsurgeons[75]
• Avram Hershko – ubiquitin system; Lasker Award (2000), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004)
• Gavriel Iddan – inventor of capsule endoscopy
• Benjamin Kahn – marine biologist, defender of the Red Sea reef
• Yona Kosashvili – orthopedic surgeon and Chess Grandmaster
• Andy Lehrer – entomologist
• Shulamit Levenberg – inventor of a muscle tissue which isn't rejected by the body after transplant; selected by Scientific American as one of the 50 leading scientists in the world[75]
• Alexander Levitzki – cancer research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (2005)
• Gideon Mer – malaria control
• Saul Merin – ophthalmologist, author of Inherited Eye Diseases
• Leo Sachs – blood cell research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1980)
• Michael Sela – developed Copaxone; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1998)
• Joel Sussman – 3D structure of acetylcholinesterase, Elkeles Prize for Research in Medicine (2005)
• Meir Wilchek – affinity chromatography; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1987)
• Ada Yonath – structure of ribosome; 2009 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• Amotz Zahavi – proposed the Handicap Principle

Social sciences

Daniel Kahneman

• Yehuda Bauer – historian[76]
• Daniel Elazar – political scientist[77]
• Haim Ginott – psychologist, child psychology[78]
• Eliyahu Goldratt – business consultant, Theory of Constraints[79]
• Louis Guttman – sociologist[80]
• Elhanan Helpman – economist, international trade[81]
• Daniel Kahneman – behavioural scientist, prospect theory; Nobel Prize in Economics (2002)[82]
• Smadar Lavie – anthropologist[83]
• Amihai Mazar – archaeologist[84]
• Benjamin Mazar – archaeologist[85]
• Eilat Mazar – archaeologist[86]
• Benny Morris – historians, New Historians[87]
• Erich Neumann – analytical psychologist, development, consciousness
• Nurit Peled-Elhanan – educator
• Renee Rabinowitz – psychologist and lawyer[88]
• Anat Rafaeli – organisational behaviour researcher.[89]
• Ariel Rubinstein – economist[90]
• Amos Tversky – behavioral scientist, prospect theory with Daniel Kahneman[91]
• Yigael Yadin – archaeologist[92]

Computing and mathematics

Shafi Goldwasser

Elon Lindenstrauss

• Ron Aharoni – mathematician, working in finite and infinite combinatorics
• Noga Alon – mathematician, computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2005)
• Shimshon Amitsur – mathematician, ring theory abstract algebra[93]
• Robert Aumann – mathematical game theory; Nobel Prize in Economics (2005)[94]
• Amir Ban – computer programmer; one of the main programmers of the Junior chess program[95]
• Moshe Bar – computer programmer and creator and main developer of openMosix
• Yehoshua Bar-Hillel – philosopher, mathematician, and linguist, best known for his pioneering work in machine translation and formal linguistics
• Joseph Bernstein – mathematician; works in algebraic geometry, representation theory, and number theory
• Eli Biham – cryptographer and cryptanalyst, specializing in differential cryptanalysis
• Shay Bushinsky – computer programmer; one of the main programmers of the Junior chess program
• Aryeh Dvoretzky – mathematician, eighth president of the Weizmann Institute of Science
• Uriel Feige – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (2001)
• Abraham Fraenkel – mathematician, known for his contributions to axiomatic set theory and the ZF set theory
• Hillel Furstenberg – mathematician; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2006/7)
• Shafi Goldwasser – computer scientist, winner of the Gödel Prize (1993 and 2001)
• David Harel – computer scientist; Israel Prize (2004)
• Abraham Lempel – LZW compression; IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (2007 and 1995)
• Elon Lindenstrauss – mathematician; known in the area of dynamics, particularly in the area of ergodic theory and its applications in number theory; Fields Medal recipient (2010)
• Joram Lindenstrauss – mathematician, known for the Johnson–Lindenstrauss lemma
• Michel Loève – probabilist
• Joel Moses – MIT provost and writer of Macsyma
• Yoram Moses – computer scientist, winner of the 2000 Gödel Prize in theoretical computer science and the 2009 Dijkstra Prize in distributed computing
• Judea Pearl – computer scientist and philosopher; known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks (see the article on belief propagation); ACM Turing Award winner (2011)
• Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro – mathematician; representation theory; Wolf Prize in Mathematics winner (1990)
• Amir Pnueli – temporal logic; Turing Award (1996)
• Michael O. Rabin – nondeterminism, primality testing; Turing Award (1976)
• Sheizaf Rafaeli – computer scientist, scholar of computer-mediated communication
• Shmuel Safra – computer scientist, winner of the (2001) Gödel Prize]
• Adi Shamir – computer scientist; RSA encryption, differential cryptanalysis; Turing Award winner (2002)
• Nir Shavit – computer scientist, winner of the (2001) Gödel Prize]
• Saharon Shelah – mathematician, well known for logic; Wolf Prize in Mathematics winner (2001)
• Ehud Shapiro – computer scientist; Concurrent Prolog, DNA computing pioneer
• Moshe Y. Vardi – computer scientist; Godel Prize winner (2000)
• Avi Wigderson – mathematician, known for randomized algorithms; Nevanlinna Prize winner (1994)
• Doron Zeilberger – mathematician, known for his contributions to combinatorics
• Jacob Ziv – LZW compression; IEEE Richard W. Hamming Medal (2007 and 1995)

Engineering

• David Faiman – solar engineer and director of the National Solar Energy Center[96]
• Liviu Librescu – Professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics at Virginia Tech; killed in the Virginia Tech massacre[97]
• Moshe Zakai – electrical engineering[98]
• Jacob Ziv – electrical engineering[99]

Philosophy

• Martin Buber – philosopher[100]
• Yeshayahu Leibowitz – philosopher[101]
• Avishai Margalit – philosopher[102]
• Joseph Raz – philosopher
• Gershom Scholem (1897–1982) – philosopher, historian[103]

Humanities

• Shmuel Ben-Artzi – Bible scholar; father of psychologist Sara Netanyahu and father-in-law of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu[104]
• Noam Chomsky – linguist[105]
• Aharon Dolgopolsky – linguist, Nostratic[106]
• Moshe Goshen-Gottstein – Bible scholar[99]
• Michael Oren – historian, educator, writer, and Israeli ambassador to the US>[107]
• Hans Jakob Polotsky – linguist[108]
• Chaim Rabin – Bible scholar[109]
• Alice Shalvi – English literature, educator.[110]
• Gershon Shaked – Hebrew literature[111]
• Shemaryahu Talmon – Bible scholar[112]
• Emanuel Tov – Bible scholar

Architecture

• Richard Kauffmann – architect
• Neri Oxman – architect[113]

Entrepreneurs and businesspeople

Technology

Andi Gutmans

Stef Wertheimer

• Amnon Amir – co-founder of Mirabilis (developer of ICQ)[114]
• Moshe Bar – founder of XenSource, Qumranet[115]
• Naftali Bennett – founder of Cyota, current Member of the Knesset and leader of The Jewish Home political party[116]
• Safra Catz – president of Oracle[117]
• Yair Goldfinger – co-founder of Mirabilis (developer of ICQ)[118]
• Yossi Gross – recipient of almost 600 patents; founder of 27 medical technology companies in Israel; Chief Technology Office officer of Rainbow Medical[119]
• Andi Gutmans – co-founder of Zend Technologies (developer of PHP)[120]
• Daniel M. Lewin – founder of Akamai Technologies[121]
• Bob Rosenschein – founder of Kivun Computers, Accent Software, GuruNet, Answers.com, Curiyo (Israeli-based)[122]
• Gil Schwed – founder of Check Point[123]
• Zeev Suraski – co-founder of Zend Technologies (developer of PHP)[124]
• Ariki and Yossi Vardi – co-founder of Mirabilis (developer of ICQ)
• Sefi Vigiser – co-founder of Mirabilis (developer of ICQ)[125]

Other industries

• Ted, Micky and Shari Arison – founder and owners of Carnival Corporation
• Amir Gal-Or[126]
• Jamie Geller – celebrity chef and founder of the Kosher Media Network[127]
• Eival Gilady[128]
• Eli Hurvitz – head of Teva Pharmaceuticals[129]
• Mordecai Meirowitz – inventor of the Mastermind board game[130]
• Arnon Milchan – Hollywood film producer & founder of Regency Enterprises.[131]
• Sammy Ofer – shipping magnate[132]
• Yuli Ofer – real estate mogul[133]
• Guy Oseary – talent agent, businessman, investor, and music manager; founder of Maverick Records; personal music manager of American entertainer Madonna[134]
• Stef Wertheimer – manufacturing industrialist[135]
• Josh Reinstein – director of the Knesset Christian Allies Caucus[136]

Sports

Association football

• Eyal Berkovic – midfielder (national team), Maccabi Haifa, Southampton, West Ham United, Celtic, Manchester City, Portsmouth[137]
• Ronnie Rosenthal – left winger/striker (national team), Maccabi Haifa, Liverpool, Tottenham, Watford[138]
• Giora Spiegel – midfielder (national team), Maccabi Tel Aviv[139]
• Mordechai Spiegler – Soviet Union/Israel – striker (Israel national team), manager[140][141]
• Nahum Stelmach – striker (national team)[142]
• Yochanan Vollach – defender (national team), Maccabi Haifa, Hapoel Haifa, HKFC; current president of Maccabi Haifa[143]

Basketball

Gal Mekel

• Miki Berkovich – Maccabi Tel Aviv
• David Blu (formerly "Bluthenthal") – US and Israel, Euroleague 6' 7" forward (Maccabi Tel Aviv)[144]
• Tal Brody – US and Israel, Euroleague 6' 2" shooting guard, Maccabi Tel Aviv
• Tal Burstein – Maccabi Tel Aviv
• Tanhum Cohen-Mintz – Latvian-born Israeli, 6' 8" center; two-time Euroleague All-Star
• Shay Doron – Israel and US, WNBA 5' 9" guard, University of Maryland (New York Liberty)[145]
• Tamir Goodman – US and Israel, 6' 3" shooting guard[146]
• Yotam Halperin – 6' 5" guard, drafted in 2006 NBA draft by Seattle SuperSonics (Olympiacos)
• Gal Mekel – former point guard in NBA team Dallas Mavericks
• Amit Tamir – 6' 10" center/forward, University of California, PAOK Thessaloniki (Hapoel Jerusalem)[147][148]

Boxing

• Hagar Finer – WIBF bantamweight champion[149]
• Yuri Foreman – Belarusian-born Israeli US middleweight and World Boxing Association super welterweight champion[150]
• Roman Greenberg – International Boxing Organization's Intercontinental heavyweight champion; "The Lion from Zion"[151]

Fencing

• Boaz Ellis – foil, five-time Israeli champion
• Lydia Hatoel-Zuckerman – foil, six-time Israeli champion[152][153]
• Andre Spitzer – killed by terrorists[154]

Figure skating

Galit Chait and Sergei Sakhnovsky

• Alexei Beletski – Ukrainian-born Israeli ice dancer, Olympian[155]
• Galit Chait – ice dancer; World Championship bronze 2002[156]
• Natalia Gudina – Ukrainian-born Israeli figure skater, Olympian[157]
• Tamar Katz – US-born Israeli figure skater[158]
• Lionel Rumi – ice dancer[159]
• Sergei Sakhnovsky – ice dancer, World Championship bronze 2002[156]
• Michael Shmerkin – Soviet-born Israeli figure skater[160]
• Alexandra Zaretski – Belarusian-born Israeli; ice dancer, Olympian[161]
• Roman Zaretski – Belarusian-born Israeli ice dancer, Olympian[162]

Sailing

Gal Fridman

• Zefania Carmel – yachtsman, world champion (420 class)[163]
• Gal Fridman – windsurfer (Olympic gold: 2004 (Israel's first gold medalist), bronze: 1996 (Mistral class); world champion: 2002)[164]
• Lydia Lazarov – yachting world champion (420 class)[163]

Swimming

• Vadim Alexeev – Kazakhstan-born Israeli swimmer, breaststroke[165]
• Guy Barnea – swimmer who participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics
• Adi Bichman – 400-m and 800-m freestyle, 400-m medley[166]
• Yoav Bruck – 50-m freestyle and 100-m freestyle
• Eran Groumi – 100 and 200 m backstroke, 100-m butterfly
• Judith Haspel (born "Judith Deutsch") – Austrian-born Israeli; held every Austrian women's middle and long distance freestyle record in 1935; refused to represent Austria at the 1936 Summer Olympics, protesting Hitler, stating, "I refuse to enter a contest in a land which so shamefully persecutes my people"[167]
• Dan Kutler – US-born Israeli; 100-m butterfly, 4×100-m medley relay[168]
• Keren Leibovitch – Paralympic swimmer, four-time gold medal-winner, 100-m backstroke, 50- and 100-m freestyle, 200-m individual medley
• Tal Stricker – 100- and 200-m breaststroke, 4×100-m medley relay[169]
• Eithan Urbach – backstroke swimmer, European championship silver and bronze; 100-m backstroke[170]

Tennis

Shahar Pe'er

• Noam Behr[171]
• Ilana Berger[172]
• Gilad Bloom[173]
• Jonathan Erlich – 6 doubles titles, 6 doubles finals; won 2008 Australian Open Men's Doubles (w/Andy Ram), highest world doubles ranking No. 5[174]
• Shlomo Glickstein – highest world singles ranking No. 22, highest world doubles ranking No. 28
• Julia Glushko[175]
• Amos Mansdorf – highest world singles ranking No. 18
• Shahar Pe'er – three WTA career titles; highest world singles ranking No. 11, highest world doubles ranking No. 21

Other

• Alex Averbukh – pole vaulter (European champion: 2002, 2006)[176]
• Boris Gelfand – chess Grandmaster; ~2700 peak ELO rating[177]
• Michael Kolganov – Soviet-born Israeli, sprint canoer/kayak paddler, world champion, Olympic bronze 2000 (K-1 500-meter)[178]
• Marina Kravchenko – Ukrainian-born Israeli table tennis player, Soviet and Israeli national teams[179]
• Sofia Polgar – Hungarian-born Israeli chess Grandmaster; sister of chess grandmasters Susan Polgar and Judith Polgar[180]
• Ilya Smirin – chess Grandmaster; ~2700 peak ELO rating[181]
• Emil Sutovsky – chess Grandmaster; ~2700 peak ELO rating[182]

Criminals

Zeev Rosenstein

• Hanan Goldblatt – actor, comedian and singer; was convicted in 2008 of perpetrating acts of rape and other sex offenses against women in his acting class[183][184]
• Baruch Goldstein – massacred 29 Arabs in the Cave of the Patriarchs in 1994[185]
• Avraham Hirschson – politician who was among other things the former Israeli Minister of Finance; convicted of stealing close to 2 million NIS from the National Workers Labor Federation while he was its chairman[186]
• Zeev Rosenstein – mob boss and drug trafficker[187]
• Gonen Segev – former Israeli member of Knesset and government minister; convicted for an attempt of drug smuggling, for forgery and electronic commerce fraud[188]
• Ehud Tenenbaum – computer hacker also known as "The Analyzer" who became famous in 1998 when he was caught by the FBI after hacking into the computers of NASA, the Pentagon, the Knesset and the US Army, and after installing trojan horse software on some of those computers[189]
• Dudu Topaz – TV personality, comedian, actor, screenwriter, playwright, author and radio and television host; committed suicide in August 2009 after being charged with inciting violence against national media figures[190]

See also

• Israelis
• List of notable Israelis
• List of Ashkenazi Jews in central and eastern Europe
• List of Ashkenazi Jews in northern Europe
• List of Sephardic Jews in southern and western Europe
• List of Sephardic Jews in the Balkans

References

1. Official website
2. "Warrior, Military Strategist and Peacemaker". Academy of Achievement. 4 May 2001. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
3. "Menachem Begin Biography". www.ibiblio.org.
4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2019-01-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
5. Teveth, Shabtai (1987) Ben-Gurion. The Burning Ground. 1886-1948. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-35409-9. p.7
6. Shlomo Nakdimon; Shaul Mayzlish (1985). דה האן : הרצח הפוליטי הראשון בארץ ישראל Deh Han : ha-retsah ha-politi ha-rishon be-Erets Yisraʼel / De Haan: The first political assassination in Israel (in Hebrew) (1st ed.). Tel Aviv: Modan Press. OCLC 21528172.
7. Netanyahu sworn in as Israel's prime minister Haaretz, 1 April 2009.
8. Gal Perl Finkel, Wars are won by preparation and not by courage alone, The Jerusalem Post, 8 April 2017.
9. Biography on the website of Netanya municipality (in Hebrew)
10. All the kingmaker's men, and women Times of Israel, 23 January 2013
11. Obituary: Teddy Kollek, in The Telegraph, London, 3 January 2007
12. http://www.pressreader.com/israel/jerusalem-post/20160904/281908772583703
13. http://www.raoulwallenberg.net/highlights/tommy-lapid/
14. "Golda Meir's American Roots". Ajhs.org. Archived from the original on April 26, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2016.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
15. Itamar Eichner (25 May 2016) "Netanyahu: I have Sephardic roots as well", Ynetnews
16. "Address by Prime Minister Ehud Olmert to Joint meeting of US Congress". Israel Embassy Washington, D.C. 24 May 2006. Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
17. "Location of Wiszniew on the map of the Second Polish Republic in the years 1921–1939". jewishinstitute.org.pl. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011.
18. izrus.co.il (18 March 2010). "Доказано украинское происхождение Ицхака Рабина | Еврейские новости мира и Украины | ВЕК – Всеукраинский еврейский конгресс". Jewish.kiev.ua. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
19. Wilson, H. W. (1996), Graham, Judith; et al. (eds.), Current Biography Yearbook, 1996, H. W. Wilson, ISBN 9780824209087.
20. "'We are living by the sword': The regrets of an Israel founder's son". Middle East Eye.
21. Itamar Eichner (11 March 2014). "Subbotnik Jews to resume aliyah". Israel Jewish Scene. Archived from the original on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
22. Chaim Weizmann Of Israel Is Dead Archived 25 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine
23. Joffe, Lawrence (18 October 2001). "Rehavam Zeevi". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
24. Benny Morris (22 September 2011). "Israel's Internal Tumult". CounterPunch. Retrieved 24 December 2012.
25. Miller, Ylana (1 July 2008). "ISRAEL-Yigal Allon, Native Son: A Biography". The Middle East Journal. 62 (3): 523 – via www.questia.com.
26. Morris, Benny (2001). Righteous Victims. Vintage Books. p. 684.
27. "Desert Aces". Dogfights. Season 2. Episode 5. 2007-08-10. The History Channel. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10.
28. Yenne, Bill (2009). Tommy Gun: How General Thompson's Submachine Gun wrote History. Macmillan. p. 263. ISBN 9780312383268.
29. Aderet, Ofer (8 April 2013). "Israel commemorates Holocaust Remembrance Day". Haaretz.
30. The Mossad: Israel's Secret Intelligence Service: Inside Stories. Paddington Press. 1979. Retrieved 2014-02-04 – via Internet Archive. Wolfgang Lotz Helene.
31. Fox, Margalit (2005-03-03). "Peter Zvi Malkin, Israeli Agent Who Captured Adolf Eichmann, Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
32. Brian, Denis (June 26, 2008). The Seven Lives of Colonel Patterson: How an Irish Lion Hunter Led the Jewish Legion to Victory. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815609278 – via Google Books.
33. Mike Campbell. "Ilan". Behindthename.com. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
34. • Spencer, Richard (19 October 2011). "Israel: Gilad Shalit 'joked with military doctors over health'". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 19 October 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
35. Herzog, Hanna (1999). Gendering politics: women in Israel. University of Michigan. pp. 217–224. ISBN 0-472-10945-6.
36. 2
37. Even though the State of Israel did not yet exist at the time of his death, he is commonly referred to as the first Ashkenazic Chief Rabbi of the State of Israel.
38. Rieder-Indursky, Estee. An Apple & Tree in Tel Aviv: Rabbis Yisrael Meir and Tzvi Yehuda Lau perpetuate a rabbinic chain. Mishpacha Special Supplement: A Father to Follow: Fathers, sons, and their intertwining paths. Pesach 5771 (April 2011), pp. 8–17.
39. Goldberg, Jeffrey. "A Bit of Good News on the Don't-Sell-to-the Arabs Controversy." The Atlantic. December 14, 2010. Accessed June 2, 2014.
40. "Rabbi Yona Metzger". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
41. Abramson, Edward (2008). A Circle in the Square: Rabbi Shlomo Riskin reinvents the synagogue. Urim Publications. ISBN 978-965-524-014-6.
42. "Gur Hassidic wedding of the year". Retrieved 2011-02-04.
43. Teller, Hanoch (1995). And From Jerusalem, His Word: Stories and insights of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, zt"l. New York: N.Y.C. Publishing Co. ISBN 1-881939-05-7. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
44. "Year in Review 5773". Hamodia. Sep 16, 2013. p. 31.
45. Tidhar, David (1947). "List of Israeli Ashkenazi Jews" הרב יוסף צבי דושינסקי. Encyclopedia of the Founders and Builders of Israel (in Hebrew). 4. Estate of David Tidhar and Touro College Libraries. p. 1929.
46. Tannenbaum, Rabbi Gershon (15 February 2012). "My Machberes: Dushinsky Rebbe Visits New York City". The Jewish Press. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
47. Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy; Shar, Jeremy (8 February 2012). "Rabbi Elyashiv, 101, in critical condition". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
48. Maruch Miller, Rochelle. "Award-Winning Marketing Guru Rabbi Issamar Ginzberg". 5 Towns Jewish Times. Retrieved 15 May 2014. There is even more to Rabbi Issamar Ginzberg than meets the eye; something about him that many find truly fascinating. “I am technically a Chassidic rebbe; this means that I have signed ‘hachtara’ letters from rebbes saying that I am expected to be the continuation of the dynasty of Nadvorna-Kechnia,”
49. Hergig, Gur Aryeh (April 10, 2013). "Rabbi Issamar Ginzberg Galvanizes Global Audiences". Hamodia. In it he gives Reb Issamar his blessing to continue in his role as Kechnier Rebbe in addition to succeeding in business, as many of the previous Nadvorna Rebbes
50. "Recommendations by the Gadol Hador, Rav Chaim Kanievsky, To Merit Children – Aish Haolam".
51. Shdeour, E. "Harav Yitzchak Karelitz of Kosova, Hy"d". Hamodia, 12 January 2012, p. C2.
52. Frankfurter, Yitzchok (12 May 2013). Ami (119): 75–76. Missing or empty |title= (help)
53. "Rebitzen Leah Karelitz A"H". Yeshiva World News. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.
54. Cohen, Yitzchok. "Glimpses of Greatness: My Brother-in-Law, the Bilgorayer Rav". Hamodia Features, 12 November 2009, p. C4.
55. Hamodia. Dec/19/12. p. C10.
56. שמחת נישואי נינת ראש ישיבת קמניץ ונכדת חבר הבד"ץ העדה החרדית. jdn.co.il (in Hebrew). Feb 2016. Retrieved Apr 20, 2016.
57. Rabbi Eliezer Schach, Torah giant, dies at age 103 Ilan, Shahar. Canadian Jewish News. Nov 8, 2001. Vol. 31, Iss. 46; pg. 41
58. Horovitz, Isaac (Dec 9, 2015). "The Cave and the King". Ami. No. 246. pp. 111–120.
59. 1
60. Sokol, Sam; staff, T. O. I. "Head of hardline Eda Haredit, initially resistant on virus rules, is infected". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
61. "none". Hamodia. Dec 5, 2012. p. D40.
62. Gershon Shafir; Yoav Peled (2002). Being Israeli. p. 148. ISBN 0-521-79672-5.
63. Karpel 2014. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarpel2014 (help)
64. "Alan Chartock...In Conversation with Yael Dayan".
65. "Michael Dorfman in "The New Russia" Moscow, Russia".
66. Eli Senyor (24 March 2006). "First gay MK picks Labor's way". Ynetnews. Retrieved 17 August 2015.
67. Gheert-Zand, Rene. "Yehudah Glick 'was a marked person,' father says". Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
68. Ben Zeev, Noam. "ינעם ליף, אבא של דפני, מספר על גישתו המוסיקלית והחינוכית".
69. Uri Savir: Particulars Knesset website
70. Adams 2001. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAdams2001 (help)
71. "Little girl's story that resonates". archive.shine.cn. 2010-12-29. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
72. "Dan Shechtman – Biographical". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
73. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2013" (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. October 9, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
74. Chang, Kenneth (October 9, 2013). "3 Researchers Win Nobel Prize in Chemistry". New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
75. "The World Salutes Four Israeli Scientists". Retrieved 2007-05-05.
76. Dalia Karpel 'History professor Yehuda Bauer: 'Netanyahu doesn't know history' at Haaretz 21 February 2013.
77. Schechter, Stephen L. 1999. "In Memoriam: Daniel J. Elazar." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 29 (Autumn): 3-10.
78. "Dr. Haim Ginott, Psychologist, 51". The New York Times. 1973-11-06. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-07-19.
79. "Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Renowned Business 'Guru' and Author of International Best-Selling Business Novel 'The Goal,' Dies at Age 64", "PR Newswire", June 14, 2011. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
80. Shye, S. (1997). "Guttman, Louis". In Johnson, Norman L.; Kotz, Samuel (eds.). Leading Personalities in Statistical Sciences. New York: Wiley. pp. 112–117. ISBN 0-471-16381-3.
81. Daniel Trefler (1999). "An Interview with Elhanan Helpman". Macroeconomic Dynamics. 3 (4): 571–601. doi:10.1017/S1365100599013061.
82. Lewis, Michael (2017) [1st pub. in the USA by W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2016]. The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds. New York: Penguin Random House. ISBN 978-0-14-198304-2.
83. Lavie, Smadar. Prof. Smadar Lavie - CV 9 February 2020.
84. Dever, William G. "Archaeology, Ideology, and the Quest for an 'Ancient' or 'Biblical' Israel", Near Eastern Archaeology (1998), pg. 42
85. "Office of the President | האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים | The Hebrew University of Jerusalem". New.huji.ac.il. 2017-09-01. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
86. Rossner, Rena (January 26, 2006). "The once and future city". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved November 15, 2009. Mazar, a senior fellow at the Shalem Center, a Jerusalem-based conservative think tank, is a graduate of the Hebrew University, and granddaughter of the famous archeologist Binyamin Mazar.
87. "About Miko". mikopeled.com.
88. Sommer, Allison Kaplan (June 22, 2017). "El Al Can No Longer Ask Passengers to Change Seats to Accommodate ultra-Orthodox Men, Israeli Court Rules". Haaretz. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
89. "Anat Rafaeli Papers". The William Davidson Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management at the Technion.
90. Rubinstein, Ariel (1982). "Perfect Equilibrium in a Bargaining Model" (PDF). Econometrica. 50 (1): 97–109. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.295.1434. doi:10.2307/1912531. JSTOR 1912531.
91. Lewis, Michael (2017). The Undoing Project. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-35610-6.
92. "Hasya Sukenik-Feinsod | Jewish Women's Archive".
93. "Israel Prize recipients in 1953 (in Hebrew)". Israel Prize Official Site. Archived from the original on January 24, 2010.
94. "CV (Robert J. Aumann)". Einstein Institute of Mathematics. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
95. Maccorduck, Pamela (2004). Machines Who Think: A Personal Inquiry Into the History and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence. A K Peters, Ltd. p. 482. ISBN 1-56881-205-1.
96. "Faculty biography". Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Archived from the original on October 26, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
97. Friedman, Matti. "Holocaust survivor killed in Va shooting", Associated Press, April 17, 2007. Accessed February 20, 2008.
98. "Obituary: Moshe Zakai, 1926–2015". IMS Bullentin. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
99. "Israel Prize Official Site - Recipients in 1993" (in Hebrew). 2012-08-15. Archived from the original on 2014-10-12. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
100. Rosenstein, Neil (1990), The Unbroken Chain: Biographical Sketches and Genealogy of Illustrious Jewish Families from the 15th–20th Century, 1, 2 (revised ed.), New York: CIS, ISBN 0-9610578-4-X
101. "Confessions of a litigation commando – Haaretz – Israel News".
102. News Release, Stanford University, April 27, 2005
103. Green, Kenneth Hart (1997). "Leo Strauss as a Modern Jewish Thinker" [editor's introduction], in: Leo Strauss, Jewish Philosophy and the Crisis of Modernity, ed. Green. Albany: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9780791427736. p. 55.
104. Shmuel Ben Artzi, father of Sara Netanyahu, dies - St. Louis Jewish Light: Nation - Shmuel Ben Artzi, father of Sara Netanyahu, dies: Nation
105. Barsky 1997, pp. 9–10 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFBarsky1997 (help); Sperlich 2006, p. 11 sfnm error: no target: CITEREFSperlich2006 (help).
106. Selvin, Paul (26 August 1990). "the secret code of 'proto-World'". The Day. pp. G7, G8. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2011.
107. Turk Rosenblatt, Judith (1987). Who's Who in World Jewry: A Biographical Dictionary of Outstanding Jews. Who's Who in World Jewry. p. 64. ISBN 0961827203.
108. "History of HUJI's department of linguistics".
109. Utz Maas: Verfolgung und Auswanderung deutschsprachiger Sprachforscher 1933-1945. entry for Chaim Rabin
110. One on One with Alice Shalvi, A Woman's Work
111. Lev-Ari, Shiri. "Israel Prize winner literary critic Gershon Shaked dies, aged 77." Haaretz. December 29, 2006. Par. 1-3 .
112. "Hartman Institute Mourns Passing of Prof. Shemaryahu Talmon". Hartman Institute. 2010-11-30. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
113. Ashley Baylen (April 12, 2012). "Top 50 Hottest Jewish Women (10–1) – Page2". Shalom Life. Archived from the original on January 7, 2016. Retrieved May 2, 2013.
114. The ICQ StoryArchived 2003-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
115. Moshe Bar Ph.D.
116. Revital Hovel (18 January 2013). "Deconstructing Naftali Bennett: Growing up to be a leader". Haaretz. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
117. Chirileasa, Andrei (May 20, 2014). "Oracle CFO Safra Catz announces expansion outside Bucharest, reveals Romanian origins". Romania-Insider.com. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
118. The ICQ StoryArchived 2003-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
119. "Abigail K. Leichman "I thought I could do it better",Israel21c, August 10, 2009".
120. "Andi Gutmans Zend corporate biography". 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-09-13. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
121. Weiss, Efrat (12 September 2001). "Daniel was a very special man". Yedioth Ahronoth (in Hebrew). Ynet!. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
122. "Martin Rosenschein (1919-1991), My Father".
123. "Gil Shwed". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org.
124. "Suraski, coautor de PHP: "Youtube o Yahoo! usan este lenguaje para su 'web" | Edición impresa | EL PAÍS". Elpais.com. 2007-04-26. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
125. The ICQ StoryArchived 2003-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
126. "Bacani, Cesar. "To infinity and Beyond China is developing a local private-equity industry partly at the expense of foreign investment firms. But one Israeli fund has discovered an unlikely path to success", CFO Asia, June 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2010.
127. "Account Suspended". www.jewocity.com.
128. "Northern Goals Association".
129. "Hurvitz, Eli (1932–)". encyclopedia.jrank.org. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
130. Invicta Toys and Games Archived 2007-08-12 at the Wayback Machine
131. "The world's 50 Richest Jews: 41–50". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com.
132. John Reed, Idan Ofer: fleeing Israel’s new populism, The Financial Times, 12 April 2013
133. Yehuda Ofer - Obituaries, News - The Independent
134. "Sex, Drugs and…Lots of Jews?". jewishjournal.com. The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. 9 November 2000. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
135. "Israeli Billionaire Creates Industrial Jobs to Foster Peace Between Jews and Arabs". Algemeiner.com.
136. Westbrook, Matt (2014). Broadcasting Jesus' Return: Televangelism and the Appropriation of Israel through Israeli-Granted Broadcasting Rights; a Chapter in Comprehending Christian Zionism. Augsburg Fortress Publishers. p. 61. ISBN 9781451472264.
137. Foer, Franklin; Tracy, Marc (30 October 2012). Jewish Jocks: An Unorthodox Hall of Fame. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 9781455516117 – via Google Books.
138. Dave Zirin, Chuck D (2007). Welcome to the Terrordome: the pain, politics, and promise of sports. Haymarket Books. ISBN 1-931859-41-8. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
139. "ISRAEL LOSES PLAYERS TEL AVIV", Jewish Post.
140. Day by Day in Jewish Sports History - Bob Wechsler
141. Great Jews in Sports - Robert Slater
142. "Sporting Heroes: No. 49 Nahum Stelmach".
143. Yossef Glazer, Hapoel Haifa's Hall of fame 2006, ISBN 1-931859-41-8
144. "Jewish shooting star aims to make his mark in NBA... Bluthenthal's late mother was Jewish and his father is black—the family name Bluthenthal originated with a slave owner David Bluthenthal believes was German-Jewish."
145. "Doron Named Jewish Sports Review All-America; Doron continues to excel at the next level in the WNBA". University of Maryland Official Athletic Site. May 10, 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
146. Martha Cheney (2000). Read & Understand Celebrating Diversity Grades 3–4. Evan-Moor. ISBN 1-55799-783-7. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
147. Pennington, Bill (March 17, 2002). "College Basketball–Unrest Worries an Israeli at Cal". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
148. Popper, Nathaniel (June 11, 2004). "Hoop Dreams: Israeli High-scorer Shoots for the NBA". The Forward. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
149. Jeremy Fine (November 6, 2009). "Boxing Champ from Tel Aviv". The Great Rabbino. Archived from the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
150. Gray, Geoffrey (December 27, 2003). "Jewish Boxers Are Looking to Make a Comeback". The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
151. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2008-05-31.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
152. Marnie Winston-Macauley (2007). Yiddishe Mamas: The Truth About the Jewish Mother. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-6376-8. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
153. John Sugden, James Wallis (2007). Football for Peace?: The Challenges of Using Sport for Co-Existence in Israel. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. ISBN 1-84126-181-5. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
154. Leible Hershfield (1980). The Jewish athlete: a nostalgic view. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
155. Elfman, Lois (December 8, 2004). "Jewish Ice Skaters". The Jewish Ledger. Archived from the original on April 6, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
156. Mittan, J. Barry (1996 with 1998 update). "Galit Chait and Sergei Sakhnovsky". Archived from the original on May 14, 2012. Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
157. David Pollack (February 8, 2002). "America's Hottest Jewish Olympic Hopefuls Are To Be Found on the Ice". The Forward. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
158. "Israeli skates rings around Boston", Elise Kigner, The Jewish Advocate, June 11, 2010
159. "Brooke Frieling and Lionel Rumi | Israel Ice Skating Federation". Iisf.org.il. January 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
160. Beverley Smith, Dan Diamond (1997). A Year in Figure Skating. McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-2755-9. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
161. Bloom, Nate (February 16, 2006). "The Tribe goes to Torino: Sketches of Jewish Olympic-Bound Athletes". JWR. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
162. Lionel Gaffen and Joe Eskenazi (February 9, 2006). "Jewish athletes in the Olympics—then and now". j. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
163. "Zephania Carmel & Lydia Lazarov". International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
164. "Jews in Sports: Sailing". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
165. "Pooling their Talent", Joel Gordin, The Jerusalem Post, July 2, 1993, Retrieved January 1, 2011
166. Griver, Simon (June 1999). "Sports in Israel". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
167. "Diving into troubled waters", Paul Kalina, The Age, November 24, 2005, Retrieved January 1, 2011
168. "American 'amphibious creature' dives right in", Heather Chait, The Jerusalem Post, October 8, 1995, Retrieved January 1, 2011
169. Viva Sarah Press (September 19, 2000). "Orbach falters in bid for medal". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 24, 2010.
170. "Synchro team strength wows Cabinet members", USA Today, July 20, 1996, Retrieved January 1, 2011
171. "Jews in Sports: Tennis". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
172. "Evert Fans Haven't Seen Player's Last Wave", Janet Graham, The Palm Beach Post, July 23, 1989. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
173. Morning Freiheit Association (1980). Jewish currents. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
174. Blas, Howard (August 27, 2008). "Jewish players stop in New Haven on the way to U.S. Open". The Jewish Ledger. Archived from the original on June 28, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
175. "Israeli Immigrants Help Change View of Homeland". Juliaglushko.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2010.
176. "Jews in Sports: Track & Field". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
177. Boris Gelfand: "A person should try to achieve maximum success in his business" ChessPro.ru Accessed 20 June 2015
178. Taylor, Paul (2004). Jews and the Olympic Games: The Clash Between Sport and Politics : with a Complete Review of Jewish Olympic Medallists. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 9781903900871.
179. "Jews in Sports: Table Tennis". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
180. Shvidler, Eli (November 22, 2007). "All the right moves". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 22 November 2007.
181. Master Preparation
182. Burgess, Graham; Nunn, John; Emms, John (2004). The World's Greatest Chess Games. London: Robinson. p. 615. ISBN 1-84119-905-2.
183. "Actor Hanan Goldblatt convicted of rape - Israel News, Ynetnews". Ynetnews.com. 1995-06-20. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
184. Untitled document - Olive Enterprise Publisher
185. Precker, Michael. "Brooklyn's image as extremist hotbed disputed by some Borough defenders say ties to Israel cherished, but radical groups aren't", The Dallas Morning News, March 20, 1994. Accessed August 6, 2007. "'This is not what we are teaching,' said Rabbi David Eliach, principal at the Yeshiva of Flatbush, where Dr. Goldstein attended high school."
186. Shoah march offices used for political activity? Ynetnews, 21 June 2006
187. "The International Crooks Now in Power by Joshua Hammer | The New York Review of Books". Nybooks.com. 2008-10-23. Retrieved 2013-05-07.
188. Haberman, Clyde (26 December 1994). "Rabin Bolsters Hand by Giving Posts to 2 Defecting Rightists". The New York Times.
189. Reed, Dan; Wilson, David L. (November 6, 1998). "Whiz-kid hacker caught". San Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2000.
190. "Dudu Topaz: Israeli television personality". Times Online. October 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 25, 2010.