List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene
This is an incomplete list of extinct animals of North America. This list covers only extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC).
Map of North America
Mammals
Prehistoric mammal extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date (BCE) | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| American mastodon Mammut americanum |
8,500 | North America |  |
| American mountain deer Odocoileus lucasi |
10,000 | the Rocky Mountains, the Guadalupe Mountains |  |
| American lion Panthera atrox |
11,000 | Alaska to Central America | - |
| Aztlanolagus agilis |
10,000 | southeastern Arizona to Central America |  |
| Beautiful armadillo Dasypus bellus |
8,000 | the North American Southwest to South America | -- |
| Bison antiquus | 10,000 | the U.S. and Canada |  |
| Bison occidentalis |
3,000 | Alaska to Minnesota | -- |
| Camelops Camelops spp. |
8,000 | Western North America |  |
| Caribbean ground sloths |
3,000 | the Caribbean islands |  |
| Columbian mammoth Mammuthus columbi |
5,800 | the northern U.S. to Central America |  |
| Dire wolf Aenocyon dirus |
7,400 | mid-latitude North America to South America |  |
| Florida spectacled bear Tremarctos floridanus |
8,000 | the southern U.S. | -- |
| Glyptodon |
10,000 | Central America to South America | .jpg.webp) |
| Harlan's muskox Bootherium bombifrons |
9,000 | North America | _-_Indiana_State_Museum_-_DSC00404.JPG.webp) |
| Holmesina septentrionalis |
8,000 | the southern U.S. to South America |  |
| Jefferson's ground sloth Megalonyx spp. |
11,000 | North America |  |
| Mylohyus M. elmorei, M. floridanus, M. fossilis, M. gidleyi and M. nasutus |
9,000 | North America |  |
| Pleistocene North American jaguar Panthera onca augusta |
10,000 | the Pacific Northwest to Panama |  |
| Pygmy mammoth Mammuthus exilis |
10,800-11,300 | the Channel Islands of California, U.S. |  |
| Saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis |
8,000 | North America |  |
| Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica |
10,000 | North America |  |
| Scimitar-toothed cats Homotherium sp. |
10,000 | North America |  |
| Giant short-faced bear Arctodus simus |
8,000 | North America |  |
| Shrub-ox Euceratherium collinum |
9,500 | North America |  |
| Steppe bison Bison priscus |
5,400[1] |
North America |  |
| Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica |
10,000 | North and South America | -- |
| Western horse Equus occidentalis |
10,000 | North America |  |
| Woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius |
2,000 | Wrangel Island (the Bering Sea) |  |
Recent mammal extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Martinique giant rice rat Megalomys desmarestii[2] |
1902 |
Martinique |  |
| Anthony's woodrat Neotoma anthonyi[3] |
1926 |
Mexico (only on Isla Todos Santos) | -- |
| Atlantic gray whale Eschrichtius robustus |
the 17th century |
the East Coast |  |
| Banks Island wolf Canis lupus bernardi |
1920 |
the Arctic Archipelago | -- |
| Barbados raccoon Procyon lotor gloveralleni |
1964 |
Barbados | -- |
| Bunker's woodrat Neotoma bunkeri[4] |
1932 |
Mexico (the Coronados Islands) | [5] |
| California grizzly bear Ursus arctos californicus |
1922 |
California |  |
| Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[6] |
1952 |
the Caribbean Sea |  |
| Cascade Mountains wolf Canis lupus fuscus |
1940 |
the Pacific Northwest | -- |
| Cuban coney Geocapromys columbianus[7] |
the 1500s |
Cuba | -- |
| Eastern cougar Puma concolor couguar |
unknown (declared in 2011) |
Northeastern North America |  |
| Eastern elk Cervus canadensis canadensis |
1877 |
Laurentia |  |
| Florida black wolf Canis lupus floridanus |
1908 | ||
| Goff's pocket gopher Geomys pinetis goffi |
1955 |
Florida | -- |
| Gull Island vole Microtus pennsylvanicus nesophilus |
1897 |
Gull Island, New York | -- |
| Hispaniolan edible rat Heteropsomys insulans [8] |
the 1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Insular cave rat Heteropsomys insulans[9] |
the 1600s |
Puerto Rico | -- |
| Imposter hutia Hexolobodon phenax[10] |
the 1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Jamaican monkey Xenothrix mcgregori[11] |
the 1500s |
Jamaica | -- |
| Jamaican rice rat Oryzomys antillarum[12] |
the 1870s |
Jamaica |  |
| Little Swan Island hutia Geocapromys thoracatus[13] |
1955 |
Little Swan Island, Honduras | .JPG.webp) |
| Marcano's solenodon Solenodon marcanoi[14] |
the 1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Merriam's elk Cervus canadensis merriami |
1906 |
the southwestern U.S. | -- |
| Mexican grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis (formerly Ursus arctos nelsoni) |
1964 |
Mexico and the southwestern U.S. |  |
| Montane hutia Isolobodon montanus[15] |
the 1500s |
Hispaniola | -- |
| Nelson's rice rat Oryzomys nelsoni[16] |
1897 |
María Madre Island, Mexico |  |
| Nevis rice rat Pennatomys nivalis[17] |
the 1500s |
Netherlands (Sint Eustatius) and Saint Kitts, Nevis | -- |
| Newfoundland wolf Canis lupus beothucus |
1911 |
Newfoundland |  |
| Oriente cave rat Boromys offella[18] |
the 1500s |
Cuba |  |
| Pallid beach mouse Peromyscus polionotus decoloratus |
1959 |
Florida | -- |
| Puerto Rican hutia Isolobodon portoricensis[19] |
the 1600s |
Hispaniola and Puerto Rico | -- |
| Puerto Rican long-nosed bat Monophyllus frater |
the 1600s |
Puerto Rico | -- |
| Saint Lucia giant rice rat Megalomys luciae[20] |
1852 |
Saint Lucia |  |
| Saint Vincent pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys victus[21] |
1898 |
Saint Vincent | -- |
| Samana hutia Plagiodontia ipnaeum[22] |
the 1500s | Hispaniola | -- |
| San Martín Island woodrat Neotoma martinensis[23] |
1950 | San Martín Island, Mexico | -- |
| Sea mink Neovison macrodon[24] |
1860 |
Atlantic Canada and the New England region | --  |
| Smith Island cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus hitchensi |
before 1987 |
Smith Island, Virginia | -- |
| Southern California kit fox Vulpes macrotis macrotis |
1903 |
Southern California, U.S. | -- |
| Southern Rocky Mountain wolf Canis lupus youngi |
1935 |
the southern Rocky Mountains, U.S. | -- |
| Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas[25] |
1768 |
the Commander Islands |  |
| Tacoma pocket gopher Thomomys mazama tacomensis |
1970 |
the Pacific Northwest (Washington) | -- |
| Torre's cave rat Boromys torrei[26] |
the 1500s |
Cuba |  |
| Tule shrew Sorex ornatus juncensis |
1905 |
Baja California, Mexico | -- |
| West Indies nesophontes Nesophontes sp. Atalaye nesophontes [27] Cuban nesophontes Greater Cuban nesophontes [28] Haitian nesophontes [29] Lesser Cuban nesophontes Puerto Rican nesophontes [30] Saint Michel nesophontes [31] Slender Cuban nesophontes Western Cuban nesophontes [32] |
the 1500s |
Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands |
 |
Possibly extinct mammals
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date (AD) | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dwarf hutia Mesocapromys nanus [33] |
1937 |
Cuba | -- |
| Garrido's hutia Mysateles garridoi [34] |
1989 |
Banco de los Jardins y Jardinillos, Cuba | -- |
| Puebla deer mouse Peromyscus mekisturus [35] |
1948 |
Puebla, Mexico | -- |
| San Quintin kangaroo rat Dipodomys gravipes [36] |
1986 |
Baja California, Mexico | -- |
| San Felipe hutia Mesocapromys sanfelipensis[37] |
1978 |
San Felipe, Cuba | -- |
| Sclater's shrew Sorex sclateri[38] |
Unknown |
Chiapas, Mexico | -- |
Birds
Prehistoric bird extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aiolornis incredibilis |
the Late Pleistocene |
North America | -- |
| Antillean cave rail Nesotrochis debooyi |
the Late Pleistocene |
Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands |  |
| Californian turkey Meleagris californica |
10,000 | California | -- |
| Cathartornis gracilis |
10,000 | California | -- |
| Chendytes lawi |
1,800 | the California coast |  |
| Cuban condor Gymnogyps varonai |
the Early Holocene | Cuba | -- |
| Daggett's eagle Buteogallus daggetti |
13,000 | California and Nuevo León, Mexico | -- |
| La Brea stork Ciconia maltha |
10,000 | the western and southern U.S., Cuba |  |
| Saint Croix macaw Ara autocthones |
Unknown |
Saint Croix and Puerto Rico | -- |
| Teratorns Teratornis merriami and Teratornis woodburnensis |
8,000 | North America |  |
| Woodward's eagle Amplibuteo woodwardi |
the Late Pleistocene |
Caribbean | -- |
Recent bird extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antiguan burrowing owl Athene cunicularia amaura |
the late 19th century |
Antigua and Barbuda | -- |
| Atitlán grebe Podilymbus gigas |
1989 |
Guatemala | |
| Bahaman barn owl Tyto pollens |
c. the 16th century |
Andros Island, the Bahamas |  |
| Bermuda flicker Colaptes oceanicus |
c. the 18th century |
Bermuda | -- |
| Bermuda hawk Bermuteo avivorus |
c. 1603 |
Bermuda | -- |
| Bermuda night heron Nyctanassa carcinocatactes |
c. the 18th century |
Bermuda | -- |
| Bermuda saw-whet owl Aegolius gradyi |
the 1600s |
Bermuda | -- |
| Brace's emerald Chlorostilbon bracei |
the 1870s |
the Bahamas | -- |
| Carolina parakeet Conuropsis carolinensis |
1918 |
the eastern U.S. and eastern Canada |  |
| Cuban ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis bairdii |
c. 1990 |
Cuba |  |
| Cuban macaw Ara tricolor |
the 1860s |
Cuba |  |
| Dusky seaside sparrow Ammospiza maritima nigrescens |
1987 |
Florida, U.S. |  |
| Gould's emerald Chlorostilbon elegans |
Unknown |
the Bahamas or Jamaica |  |
| Grand Cayman thrush Turdus ravidus |
1940s |
Grand Cayman | -- |
| Great auk Pinguinus impennis |
1852 |
the North Atlantic coast |  |
| Guadalupe caracara Caracara lutosa |
1900 |
Guadalupe, Mexico |  |
| Guadeloupe burrowing owl Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis |
late 19th century |
Guadeloupe | -- |
| Guadeloupe parakeet Aratinga labati |
c. 18th century |
Guadeloupe |  |
| Guadeloupe parrot Amazona violacea |
1779 |
Guadeloupe |  |
| Heath hen Tympanuchus cupido cupido |
1932 |
the New England region |  |
| Labrador duck Camptorhynchus labradorius |
1878 |
the Atlantic Northeast |  |
| Lesser Antillean macaw Ara guadeloupensis |
1760 |
Guadeloupe |  |
| Martinique parrot Amazona martinicana |
1779 |
Martinique |  |
| Mauge's parakeet Aratinga chloroptera maugei |
1779 |
Mona Island, Puerto Rico |  |
| New Mexico sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi |
1954 |
the United States (Colorado and New Mexico) | -- |
| Passenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius |
1914 |
the eastern U.S. and eastern Canada |  |
| Slender-billed grackle Quiscalus palustris |
1910 |
Central Mexico |  |
| Spectacled cormorant Phalacrocorax perspicillatus |
1850 |
the Commander Islands |  |
| Socorro elf owl Micrathene whitneyi graysoni |
1970 |
Mexico (Socorro Island) | -- |
Possibly extinct birds
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bachman's warbler Vermivora bachmanii |
1988 |
the southeastern U.S. |  |
| Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis |
1981 |
Alaska to Argentina | .JPG.webp) |
| Guadalupe storm-petrel Oceanodroma macrodactyla |
1912 |
Guadalupe, Mexico |  |
| Imperial woodpecker Campephilus imperialis |
1956 |
Mexico |  |
| Indigo-capped hummingbird Amazilia cyanifrons |
the early 1940s |
Costa Rica |  |
| American ivory-billed woodpecker Campephilus principalis principalis |
1944 or afterward |
the southeastern U.S. |  |
| Jamaican petrel Pterodroma caribbaea |
1879 |
Jamaica |  |
| Jamaican poorwill Siphonorhis americana [39] |
1860 |
Jamaica |  |
| Semper's warbler Leucopeza semperi |
1961 |
Saint Lucia |  |
Reptiles
Recent reptile extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Martinique giant ameiva Ameiva major[40] |
Unknown |
Martinique |  |
| Martinique curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus herminieri[41] |
1830s |
Martinique | -- |
| Navassa curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus eremitus[42] |
1868 |
Navassa Island | -- |
| Guadeloupe ameiva Pholidoscelis cineraceus[43] |
1928 |
Guadeloupe | -- |
| Navassa Island dwarf boa Tropidophis bucculentus |
the late 19th century |
Navassa Island | -- |
| Navassa Island iguana Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis[44] |
the late 19th century |
Navassa Island | -- |
| Saint Croix racer Borikenophis sanctaecrucis[45] |
unknown |
Saint Croix | -- |
Possibly extinct reptiles
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Culebra Island giant anole Xiphosurus roosevelti |
1978 |
Culebra Island, Puerto Rico | -- |
| Jamaica giant galliwasp Celestus occiduus[46] |
1840 |
Jamaica |  |
Amphibians
Recent amphibian extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ainsworth's salamander Plethodon ainsworthi[47] |
1964 |
the U.S. | -- |
| Craugastor chrysozetetes[48] | Unknown |
Honduras | -- |
| Craugastor escoces[49] | 1986 |
Costa Rica | -- |
| Golden toad Bufo periglenes[50] |
1989 |
Costa Rica |  |
| Rabbs' fringe-limbed treefrog Ecnomiohyla rabborum' |
2016 |
Panama |  |
Possibly extinct amphibians
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atoyac minute salamander Thorius infernalis[51] |
the 1980s |
Guerrero, Mexico | -- |
| Bigfoot splayfoot salamander Chiropterotriton magnipes[52] |
Unknown |
San Luis Potosí and Querétaro, Mexico | -- |
| Golden coqui Eleutherodactylus jasperi[53] |
1981 |
Puerto Rico |  |
| San Martin pygmy salamander Thorius narismagnus[54] |
1980s |
Veracruz, Mexico | -- |
| Web-footed coquí Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti[55] |
1974 |
Puerto Rico | -- |
Fish
Prehistoric fish extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Saber-toothed salmon Oncorhynchus rastrosus |
the Late Pleistocene |
the western coast of Canada and the U.S. |  |
Recent fish extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)
| Common name/scientific name | Extinction date | Range | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alberca silverside Chirostoma bartoni |
2006 |
the Lerma River Basin, Mexico | -- |
| Alvord cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki alvordensis |
the 1920s |
Alvord Dry Lake, Oregon | -- |
| Amistad gambusia Gambusia amistadensis[56] |
unknown (declared in 1987) |
Goodenough Spring, Texas | |
| Ash Meadows killifish Empetrichthys merriami[57] |
1948 |
Ash Meadows, Nevada |  |
| Banff longnose dace Rhinichthys cataractae smithi |
unknown (declared in 1987) |
Banff, Alberta | -- |
| Blackfin cisco Coregonus nigripinnis[58] |
1969 |
the Great Lakes, Canada and the U.S. | -- |
| Blue walleye Sander vitreus glaucus |
1983 |
the Great Lakes, Canada and the U.S. |  |
| Cachorrito de la Trinidad Cyprinodon inmemoriam[59] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Catarina pupfish Megupsilon aporus[60] |
2014 |
Nuevo León, Mexico | -- |
| Clear Lake splittail Pogonichthys ciscoides'[61] |
the 1970s |
Clear Lake, California | -- |
| Deepwater cisco Coregonus johannae[62] |
1952 |
the Great Lakes, Canada and the U.S. | -- |
| Durango shiner Notropis aulidion[63] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Endorheic chub Evarra tlahuacensis[64] |
1983 |
Mexico | -- |
| Graceful priapella Priapella bonita[65] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Grass Valley speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus reliquus |
1938 |
Lander County, Nevada | -- |
| Harelip sucker Moxostoma lacerum[66] |
1893 |
the southeastern U.S. | -- |
| Las Vegas dace Rhinichthys deaconi[67] |
1986 |
the Vegas Valley, Nevada | -- |
| Least silverside Chirostoma charari[68] |
1957 |
Mesa Central, Mexico | -- |
| Longjaw cisco Coregonus alpenae[69] |
1975 |
the Great Lakes, Canada and the U.S. | -- |
| Maryland darter Etheostoma sellare[70] |
1988 |
Deer Creek, Maryland | .jpg.webp){kind=small} |
| Mexican dace Evarra bustamantei[71] |
1983 |
Mexico | -- |
| Pahranagat spinedace Lepidomeda altivelis[72] |
1938 |
the Pahranagat Valley, Nevada | -- |
| Phantom shiner Notropis orca[73] |
1975 |
the Rio Grande Basin, Mexico and the U.S. | -- |
| Parras characodon Characodon garmani[74] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Perrito de Parras Cyprinodon latifasciatus [75] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Perrito de Sandia Cyprinodon spp. [76] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Plateau chub Evarra eigenmanni[64] |
1983 |
Mexico | -- |
| Raycraft Ranch killifish Empetrichthys latos concavus |
unknown |
Raycraft Ranch, Nevada | -- |
| Rio Grande bluntnose shiner Notropis simus simus[64] |
1964 |
the Rio Grande Basin, Mexico and the U.S. | -- |
| Salado shiner Notropis saladonis[77] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| San Marcos gambusia Gambusia georgei[78] |
1983 |
the San Marcos Spring, Texas | -- |
| Scioto madtom Noturus trautmani[79] |
1957 |
Big Darby Creek, Ohio | -- |
| Shortnose cisco Coregonus reighardi[80] |
1985 |
the Great Lakes, Canada and the U.S. |  |
| Silver trout Salvelinus agassizi[81] |
1930 |
Dublin Pond, New Hampshire |  |
| Snake River sucker Chasmistes muriei[82] |
unknown |
the Snake River, Wyoming | -- |
| Stumptooth minnow Stypodon signifer[83] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Tecopa pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae |
1979 |
the Majavo Desert Springs, California |  |
| Thicktail chub Gila crassicauda[84] |
the 1950s |
the Central Valley of California |  |
| Utah Lake sculpin Cottus echinatus[85] |
1928 |
Utah Lake, Utah | -- |
| Villa Lopez pupfish Cyprinodon ceciliae[86] |
unknown |
Mexico | -- |
| Yellowfin cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki macdonaldi |
after 1903 |
Twin Lakes, Colorado | -- |
Crustaceans
- Cambarellus alvarezi,[87] around 1994, Mexico (Nuevo León)
- Chihuahua dwarf crayfish,[88] Cambarellus chihuahuae unknown, Mexico (Chihuahua)
- Florida fairy shrimp ,[89] Dexteria floridana, unknown, Florida
- Hemigrapsus estellinensis ,[90] 1963, Estelline, Texas
- Pasadena freshwater shrimp ,[91] Syncaris pasadenae, 1933, Los Angeles, California
- Rubious cave amphipod ,[92] Stygobromus lucifugus, unknown, Illinois
- Sandhills crayfish ,[93] Procambarus angustatus, unknown, Georgia
- Sooty crayfish ,[94] Pacifastacus nigrescens, late 19th century, San Francisco Bay, California
Insects
The chestnut casebearer moth's larva case
The xerces blue
- American chestnut moth,[95] Ectoedemia castaneae, unknown, the U.S.
- Antioch Dunes shieldback katydid,[96] Neduba extincta, unknown, the U.S.
- Athens caddisfly,[97] Triaenodes phalacris, unknown, the U.S.
- Castle Lake caddisfly,[98] Rhyacophila amabilis, unknown, the U.S.
- Central Valley grasshopper,[99] Conozoa hyalina, unknown, the U.S.
- Chestnut casebearer moth,[100] Coleophora leucochrysella, 1900, the U.S.
- Chestnut ermine moth,[101]Argyresthia castaneella, unknown, the U.S.
- Chestnut clearwing moth,[102] Coptotriche perplexa, unknown, the U.S.
- Fort Ross weevil,[103] Trigonoscuta rossi, unknown, the U.S.
- Macrancylus linearis,[104] unknown, the U.S. and the West Indies
- Mono Lake diving beetle,[105] Hygrotus artus, unknown, California
- Oeobia sp. Nov,[106] unknown, the U.S.
- Phleophagan chestnut moth,[107] Ectoedemia phleophaga, unknown, Virginia
- Pecatonica River mayfly,[108] Acanthometropus pecatonica, unknown, the U.S.
- Rocky Mountain locust, Melanoplus spretus, 1902, the Great Plains, Canada and the U.S.
- Robert's stonefly,[109] Alloperla roberti, unknown, the U.S.
- Robust burrowing mayfly,[110] Pentagenia robusta, unknown, the Ohio River area
- Three-toothed caddisfly,[111] Triaenodes tridonata, unknown, the U.S.
- Sloane's Urania butterfly, Urania sloanus, 1894, Jamaica
- Volutine stoneyian tabanid fly,[112] Stonemyia volutina, unknown, the U.S.
- Xerces blue butterfly,[113] Glaucopsyche xerces, 1943, the Sunset District of San Francisco, California
- Yorba Linda weevil,[114] Trigonoscuta yorbalindae, unknown, the U.S.
Arachnids
- Caribbean monk seal nasal mite, Halarachne americana, 1952, the Caribbean Sea
- Tityus exstinctus, 1884, Martinique
Mollusks
The Cahaba pebblesnail
The corded purg
The little flat-top snail
The shoal sprite
Umbilicate pebblesnail
- Acorn pearly mussel,[115] Epioblasma haysiana, unknown, the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Acorn ramshell,[116] Planorbella multivolvis, unknown, Michigan
- Agate rocksnail,[117]Leptoxis clipeata, unknown, Alabama
- Alabama clubhsell,[118] Pleurobema troschelianum, unknown, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee
- Alabama pigtoe,[119] Pleurobema johannis, unknown, Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee
- Amphicyclotulus guadeloupensis,[120] Unknown, Guadeloupe
- Angled riffleshell,[121] Epioblasma biemarginata, after 1967, the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Arc-form pearly mussel,[122] Epioblasma arcaeformis, 1940, the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Arcuate pearly mussel,[123] Epioblasma flexuosa, unknown, the U.S.
- Bigmouth rocksnail,[124] Leptoxis occultata, unknown, Alabama
- Boulder snail,[125] Athearnia crassa, unknown, Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee, Virginia
- Brown pigtoe,[126] Pleurobema hagleri, unknown, the U.S.
- Cahaba pebblesnail,[127] Clappia cahabensis, 1965, the Cahaba River, Alabama
- Carolina elktoe,[128] Alasmidonta robusta, unknown, the Carolinas
- Channeled pebblesnail,[129] Somatogyrus wheeleri, unknown, Arkansas
- Closed elimia,[130] Elimia clausa, after 1967, Alabama
- Cobble elimia,[131] Elimia vanuxemiana, unknown, Alabama
- Constricted elimia,[132] Elimia impressa, unknown, Alabama
- Coosa elktoe,[133] Alasmidonta mccordi, unknown, Alabama
- Coosa pigtoe,[134] Pleurobema murrayense, unknown, the U.S.
- Coosa rocksnail,[135] Leptoxis showalterii, unknown, the U.S.
- Corded purg,[136] Pyrgulopsis nevadensis, unknown, Nevada
- Eelgrass limpet,[137] Lottia alveus, the 1920s, Labrador to New York
- Elimia gibbera,[138] unknown, Alabama
- Elimia macglameriana,[139] unknown, Alabama and Georgia
- Excised slitshell,[140] Gyrotoma excisa, unknown, Alabama
- Fine-rayed pearly mussel,[141] Epioblasma personata, the early 20th century, Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee
- Fish Lake physa,[142] Gyrotoma excisa, unknown, Alabama
- Fusiform elimia,[143] Elimia fusiformis, unknown, Alabama
- Green-blossom pearly mussel,[144] Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum, the 1980s, the Tennessee River
- Hazel pigtoe,[145] Pleurobema avellanum, unknown, the U.S.
- Hearty elimia,[146] Elimia jonesi, unknown, Alabama
- Highnut,[147] Pleurobema altum, unknown, the U.S.
- High-spired elimia,[148] Elimia hartmaniana, unknown, the U.S.
- Incerticyclus cinereus,[149] unknown, Martinique
- Incerticyclus martinicensis,[150] unknown, Martinique
- Lewis pearly mussel,[151] Epioblasma lewisii, unknown, the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Leptoxis torrefacta,[152] unknown, the U.S.
- Little flat-top snail,[153] Neoplanorbis tantillus, unknown, Alabama
- Lined pocketbook,[154] Lampsilis binominata, unknown, U.S.
- Longnut,[155] Pleurobema nucleopsis, unknown, the U.S.
- Lyrate rocksnail,[156] Leptoxis lirata, unknown, Alabama
- Maiden rocksnail,[157] Leptoxis formosa, unknown, Alabama and Georgia
- Nearby pearly mussel,[158] Epioblasma propinqua, 1901, the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers
- Neoplanorbis carinatus,[159] unknown, the U.S.
- Neoplanorbis smithi,[160] unknown, the U.S.
- Neoplanorbis umbilicatus,[161] unknown, the U.S.
- Oachita pebblesnail,[162] Somatogyrus amnicoloides, unknown, Arkansas
- Ochlockonee arcmussel,[163] Alasmidonta wrightiana, unknown, Florida
- Oleacina guadeloupensis,[164] unknown, Guadeloupe
- Olive marstonia,[165] Marstonia olivacea, 1940, Alabama
- Pagoda slitshell,[166] Gyrotoma pagoda, unknown, Alabama
- Pleurodonte desidens,[167] 1834, Martinique
- Pupa elimia,[168] Elimia pupaeformis, unknown, Alabama
- Pygmy elimia,[169] Elimia pygmaea, unknown, Alabama
- Pyramid slitshell,[170] Gyrotoma pyramidata, unknown, Alabama
- Reverse pebblesnail,[171] Somatogyrus alcoviensis, unknown, Georgia
- Ribbed elimia,[172] Elimia laeta, unknown, Alabama
- Ribbed slitshell,[173] Gyrotoma pumila, unknown, Alabama
- Rotund rocksnail,[174] Leptoxis ligata, unknown, Alabama
- Rough-lined elimia,[175] Elimia pilsbryi, unknown, Alabama
- Round slitshell,[176] Gyrotoma walkeri, unknown, Alabama
- Sampson's pearly mussel,[177] Epioblasma sampsonii, unknown, Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky
- Scioto pigtoe,[178] Pleurobema bournianum, unknown, the U.S.
- Shoal sprite,[179] Amphigyra alabamensis, unknown, the U.S.
- Short-spired elimia,[180] Elimia brevis, unknown, Alabama
- Steward's pearly mussel,[181]Epioblasma stewardsonii, unknown, the U.S.
- Stone's pearly mussel,[182] Epioblasma lenior, after 1965, Alabama and Tennessee
- Striate slitshell,[183] Gyrotoma lewisii, unknown, the U.S.
- Striped rocksnail,[184] Leptoxis vittata, unknown, the U.S.
- Thick-lipped pebblesnail,[185] Somatogyrus crassilabris, unknown, Arkansas
- Tombigbee moccasinshell,[186] Medionidus mcglameriae, unknown, the U.S.
- True pigtoe,[187] Pleurobema verum, unknown, Alabama
- Tubercled-blossom pearly mussel,[188] Epioblasma torulosa torulosa, unknown, Canada, Alabama, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee and West Virginia
- Turgid-blossom pearly mussel,[189] Epioblasma turgidula, unknown, the U.S.
- Umbilicate pebblesnail,[190] Clappia umbilicata, 1928, Alabama
- Yellow pigtoe,[191] Pleurobema flavidulum, unknown, the U.S.
See also
- List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene
- List of extinct animals
- List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
- List of extinct birds
- Extinct in the wild
- Lazarus taxon
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Acanthametropus pecatonica (Pecatonica River Mayfly)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Stonemyia volutina (Volutine Stoneyian Tabanid Fly)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Glaucopsyche xerces (Xerces Blue)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis occultata (Bigmouth Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). "Athearnia crassa (Boulder Snail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Clappia cahabensis (Cahaba Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Alasmidonta robusta (Carolina Elktoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Somatogyrus wheeleri (Channeled Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cordeiro, J.; Perez, K. & Bogan, A. (2012). "Elimia clausa (Closed Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia impressa (Constricted Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. (2011). "Alasmidonta mccordi (Coosa Elktoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema murrayense (Coosa Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis showalterii (Coosa Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pyrgulopsis nevadensis (Corded Purg)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bouchet, P. (1996). "Lottia alveus (Eelgrass Limpet)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia gibbera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia macglameriana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma excisa (Excised Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. (2011). "Epioblasma personata (Fine-rayed Pearlymussel, Fine-rayed Pearly Mussel, Round Combshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Physella microstriata (Fish Lake Physa)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Elimia fusiformis (Fusiform Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma torulosa ssp. gubernaculum (Green-blossom, Green-blossom Naiad, Green-blossom Pearly Mussel, Green Riffle Shell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia hartmaniana (High-spired Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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- Bouchet, P. (1996). "Incerticyclus martinicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma lewisii (Forkshell, Lewis Pearly Mussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis torrefacta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Neoplanorbis tantillus (Little Flat-top Snail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Lampsilis binominata (Lined Pocketbook)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema nucleopsis (Longnut)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis lirata (Lyrate Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis formosa (Maiden Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cummings, K. & Cordeiro, J. (2011). "Epioblasma propinqua (Nearby Pearlymussel, Nearby Pearly Mussel, Tennessee Riffleshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Neoplanorbis carinatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Neoplanorbis smithi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Neoplanorbis umbilicatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved December 17, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Somatogyrus amnicoloides (Oachita Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Alasmidonta wrightiana (Ochlockonee Arcmussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bouchet, P. (1996). "Oleacina guadeloupensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2011). "Marstonia olivacea (Olive Marstonia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma pagoda (Pagoda Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bouchet, P. (2000). "Pleurodonte desidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Seddon, M.B. & Mollusc Red List Authority (2000). "Elimia pupaeformis (Pupa Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Elimia pygmaea (Pygmy Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma pyramidata (Pyramid Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Somatogyrus alcoviensis (Reverse Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia laeta (Ribbed Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma pumila (Ribbed Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis ligata (Rotund Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2012). "Elimia pilsbryi (Rough-lined Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma walkeri (Round Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma sampsonii (Sampson's Naiad, Sampson's Pearly Mussel, Sampson's Riffleshell, Wabash Riffleshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema bournianum (Scioto Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Amphigyra alabamensis (Shoal Sprite)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E. (2000). "Elimia brevis (Short-spired Elimia)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma stewardsonii (Cumberland Leafshell, Steward's Pearly Mussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma lenior (Narrow Catspaw, Stone's Pearly Mussel)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Gyrotoma lewisii (Striate Slitshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Leptoxis vittata (Striped Rocksnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Cordeiro, J. & Perez, K. (2011). "Somatogyrus crassilabris (Thick-lipped Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Medionidus mcglameriae (Tombigbee Moccasinshell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema verum (True Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma torulosa ssp. torulosa (Tubercled Blossom, Tubercled-blossom Pearly Mussel, Turberculed Riffle Shell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 3, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Epioblasma turgidula (Turgid-blossom, Turgid-blossom Naiad, Turgid-blossom Pearly Mussel, Turgid Riffle Shell)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Clappia umbilicata (Umbilicate Pebblesnail)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2014.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Bogan, A.E.; Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Pleurobema flavidulum (Yellow Pigtoe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000.
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Notes
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