List of Orthopterans of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about 2 million species of arthropods found in the world, and still is counting.

The following list is about Orthopterans recorded in Sri Lanka.

Orthopterans

Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera

The Orthoptera order of insects includes the grasshoppers, crickets, cave crickets, Jerusalem crickets, katydids, wētā, lubber, Acrida, and locusts. More than 27,000 species are distributed worldwide.[1] Many insects in this order have paurometabolous or incomplete metamorphosis, and produce sound (known as a "stridulation") by rubbing their wings against each other or their legs, the wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps. The tympanum or ear is located in the front tibia in crickets, mole crickets, and katydids, and on the first abdominal segment in the grasshoppers and locusts. These organisms use vibrations to locate other individuals. There are two suborders and 235 subfamilies are in this order.

The following list provide the orthopterans currently identified in Sri Lanka. One of Sri Lanka's leading naturalist and expert on orthopterans, George Morrison Reid Henry, who was born in Sri Lanka, was appointed as Assistant in Systematic Entomology at Colombo National Museum from 1913-1946. He started much work on many micro arthropods including orthoptera as well. But the most comprehensive work confined to orthoptera was done by G. M. Henry, though no single monograph of Sri Lankan species is available. The world catalogues of Otte provide up-dated nomenclature and classification.[2][3]

According to Sandrasagara, (1949 to 1954); and Chopard, (1936), 350 species of orthopterans identified from Sri Lanka.[2][4][5][6][7]

Endemic species are denoted as E.

Family: Tridactylidae - Pygmy mole crickets

Tridactylus variegatus
Tridactylus nigroaenus
Tridactylus curlus
Tridactylus quadrimaculata
Tridactylus thoracicus
Tridactylus ceylonicus
Xya frontomaculatus
Xya nigripennis
Xya opaca
Xya riparia

Sub family: Gomphocerinae - Slant-faced grasshoppers

Dnopherula sp.

Sub family: Acridinae - Silent slant-faced grasshoppers

Acrida exaltata

Sub family: Oedipodinae - Band-winged grasshoppers

Aiolopus thalassinus
Gastrimargus africanus

Sub family: Hemiacridinae

Spathosternum prasiniferum

Sub family: Cyrtacanthacridinae - Bird grasshoppers

Cyrtacanthacris tatarica

Sub family: Eyprepocnemidinae

Cyrtacanthacris tatarica

Sub family: Catantopinae - Spur-throated grasshoppers

Xenocatantops humilis
Catantops pinguis

Family: Chorotypidae

Orchetypus ceylonicus

Family: Gryllacrididae - Leaf-rolling crickets

Brachyntheisogryllacris punicea
Diaphanogryllacris aequalis
Neanias squamatus
Pardogryllacris pardalina
Pardogryllacris spuria

Sub family:Gryllinae - Field crickets

Brachytrypes orientalis
Gymnogryllus erythrocephalus
Phonarellus humeralis
Itaropsis tenellus
Gryllus bimaculatus
Gryllulus testaceus
Gryllulus mitratus
Gryllulus configuratus
Gryllulus flavus
Gryllulus confirmatus
Gryllulus bucharicus
Gryllulus brevicauda
Gryllulus blennus
Gryllulus pallipes
Gryllodes sigillatus
Gryllodes supplicans
Gryllopsis falconneti
Nemobiodes laeviceps
Nemobiodes nigrocephalus
Cophogryllus martini
Scapsipedus aspersus
Scapsipedus ceylonicus
Coiblemmus compactus
Loxoblemmus equestris
Loxoblemmus longipalpis
Staphoblemmus humbertiellus
Scapsipedoides macrocephalus
Scapsipedoides apterus
Teleogryllus mitratus
Teratodes monticollis
Landreva clara
Landreva subaptera
Jareta insignis
Landreva angustifrons
Hemilandreva lamellipennis

Sub family:Nemobiinae - Ground crickets

Paranemobius pictus
Ptreonemobius concolor
Ptreonemobius birmanus
Ptreonemobius vagus
Ptreonemobius taprobanensis
Ptreonemobius fascipes
Ptreonemobius csikii
Ptreonemobius bicolor
Scottia ceylonica
Polionemobius taprobanensis
Neanias squamatus

Sub family:Trigoniinae

Trigonidium cicindeloides
Trigonidium humbertianum
Metioche unicolor
Metiochodes greeni
Metiochodes trilineatus
Amusurgus oedemeroides
Amusurgus speculifer
Paranaxipha ornatipes
Trigonidomorpha fuscifrons
Homoeoxipha lycoides
Anaxipha pubescens
Anaxipha longipennis
Anaxipha henryi

Sub family:Myrmecophilinae - Ant crickets

Myrmecophila escherichi
Myrmecophilellus pilipes

Sub family:Pentacentrinae - Anomalous crickets

Pentacentrus pulchellus
Homologryllus depressus

Sub family:Oecanthinae - Tree crickets

Oecanthus indicus
Oecanthus rufescens
Oecanthus henryi

Sub family:Itarinae

Heterotrypus vicinus
Heterotrypus elegans

Sub family:Eneopterinae - Bush crickets

Cardiodactylus praecipuus

Sub family:Podoscirtinae

Madasumma marginipennis
Madasumma greeni
Madasumma albonotata
Madasumma valida
Madasumma varipennis
Mnesibulus pallipes
Euscyrtus hemelytrus
Euscyrtus concinnus
Euscyrtus necydaloides
Euscyrtus laminifer
Euscyrtus perforatus
Patiscus quadripunctatus

Family:Gryllotalpidae - Mole crickets

Gryllotalpa africana

Family:Mogoplistidae - Scaly crickets

Cycloptiloides orientalis
Ornebius guerini
Ornebius varipennis
Derectaotus ceylonicus
Derectaotus henryi
Derectaotus palpatus
Ectotoderus ceylonicus

Family:Myrmecophilidae - Ant-loving crickets

Myrmecophilellus pilipes
Myrmecophilus escherichi

Family:Tetrigidae - Pygmy locusts

Systoloderus greeni
Xistrells stylsts
Apterotettix obtusus
Cingalotettix pterugodes
Criotettix miliarius
Eucriotettix tricarinatus
Loxilobus acutus
Loxilobus novaebrittanniae
Coptotettix conspersus
Coptotettix fossulatus
Coptotettix rugosus
Coptotettix testaceus
Andriana hancocki
Hedotettix festivus
Euparatettix parvus
Euparatettix variabilis
Tetrix discalis
Tetrix abortus
Paratettix cingalensis
Paratettix variegatus
Tettix atypicalis
Deltonotus subcucullatus
Ergatettix dorsifera
Gavialidium crocodilum
Hedotettix attenuatus
Hedotettix gracilis
Spadotettix fletcheri
Tettilobus pelops

Sub family:Scelimeninae

Criotettix curticornis
Criotettix miliarius
Criotettix subulatus
Eucriotettix tricarinatus
Eucriotettix spinilobus
Euscelimena gavialis
Euscelimena logani
Loxilobus acutus
- Loxilobus acutus acutus
Euscelimena logani

Sub family:Phalangopsinae - Spider crickets

Arachnomimus annulicornis
Arachnomimus bicolor
Arachnomimus brevipalpis
Arachnomimus nietneri
Luzaropsis confusa
Luzaropsis ferruginea
Luzaropsis henryi
Luzaropsis omissa
Paragryllodes ceylonicus
Paragryllodes gravelyi
Seychellsia ceylonica

Family:Podoscirtidae

Ceyloria latissima
Ceyloria vicina
Euscyrtus concinnus
Euscyrtus hemelytrus
Euscyrtus laminifer
Euscyrtus necydaloides
Euscyrtus nigrifrons
Heterotrypus elegans
Homologryllus depressus
Madasumma albonotata
Madasumma valida
Mnesibulus pallipes
Patiscus quadripunctatus
Pentacentrus pulchellus
Poliotrella greeni
Prozvenella saussureana
Varitrella varipennis

Family:Pyrgomorphidae - Gaudy grasshoppers

Aularches miliaris
Atractomorpha crenulata
Chrotogonus oxypterus
Orthacris ceylonica
Orthacris filiformis

Family:Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem crickets

Oryctopus lagenipes

Family:Tettigoniidae - Katydids

Acrodonta subaptera
Paramorsimus robustus
Brunneriana ceylonica
Brunneriana opaca
Cratioma myops
Euconocephalus incertus
Mecopoda elongata
Pseudophaneroptera turbida
Vetralla difformis

Sub family:Conocephalinae - Meadow katydids

Ruspolia differens
Conocephalus maculatus
Conocephalus signatus

Sub family:Pseudophyllinae - True katydids

Cratioma sp.
Olcinia sp.
Onomarchus cretaceus
Sathrophyllia rugosa
Zabalius aridus

Sub family:Phaneropterinae - Phaneropterine katydids

Deflorita deflorita
Ducetia ceylanica
Ducetia japonica
Elimaea carinata
Elimaea melanocantha
Elimaea nigrosignata
Himertula marmorata
Holochlora brevifissa
Letana inflata
Molpa bilineolata
Phaneroptera gracilis
Pseudophaneroptera turbida

References

"Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids -- Discover Life". www.discoverlife.org. Retrieved 2016-02-23.
Wijesekara, Anura; Wijesinghe, D.P. "HISTORY OF INSECT COLLECTION AND A REVIEW OF INSECT DIVERSITY IN SRI LANKA". Ceylon Journal of Science: 59. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.379.2411. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Checklist of the Tridactylidae and Gryllidae (Insecta, Orthoptera) of Ceylon, with Records of Distribution". The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (2006). The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation. ISBN 9789558177518. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Ranjana, Jaiswara. "Phalagopsidae crickets from indian region Grylloidea), with the descriptions of new taxa, diagnoses for genera, and a key to Indian genera". academia.edu. Retrieved 6 June 2016. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Wagana, M. S.; Kevana, D. K. McE. (1 August 2012). "Studies on some Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka". Tropical Zoology. 5 (2): 167–194. doi:10.1080/03946975.1992.10539191.
"Checklist of Conocephalini (Meadow katydids) species in Sri Lanka". Insectoid.Info. Retrieved 6 June 2016.

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[1] "Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids -- Discover Life". www.discoverlife.org. Retrieved 2016-02-23.

[WijesekaraNWijesinghe-2] Wijesekara, Anura; Wijesinghe, D.P. "HISTORY OF INSECT COLLECTION AND A REVIEW OF INSECT DIVERSITY IN SRI LANKA". Ceylon Journal of Science: 59. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.379.2411. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[3] "Checklist of the Tridactylidae and Gryllidae (Insecta, Orthoptera) of Ceylon, with Records of Distribution". The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. Retrieved 6 June 2016.

[Bambaradeniya-4] Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (2006). The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation. ISBN 9789558177518. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

[5] Ranjana, Jaiswara. "Phalagopsidae crickets from indian region Grylloidea), with the descriptions of new taxa, diagnoses for genera, and a key to Indian genera". academia.edu. Retrieved 6 June 2016. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[6] Wagana, M. S.; Kevana, D. K. McE. (1 August 2012). "Studies on some Tetrigidae (Orthoptera) from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka". Tropical Zoology. 5 (2): 167–194. doi:10.1080/03946975.1992.10539191.

[7] "Checklist of Conocephalini (Meadow katydids) species in Sri Lanka". Insectoid.Info. Retrieved 6 June 2016.