List of airports in the Greater Manila Area

This is a list of airports in the Greater Manila Area, the most populous urban agglomeration in the Philippines. Though there are several definitions over what comprises the area, for the purposes of this article the entire administrative region of Metro Manila and the surrounding provinces of Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Pampanga and Rizal are considered its components.

Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 3

There are currently four airports in the Greater Manila Area with scheduled passenger service. However, the majority of passenger traffic goes through Metro Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), which is the Philippines' busiest airport and major hub. Clark International Airport, which has been developed into an alternate international gateway, also sees a significant amount of traffic. Subic Bay International Airport (SBIA), although classified as an international airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), currently only hosts domestic flights. In February 2020, the Sangley Point Airport started hosting regular domestic passenger and cargo flights.[1]

Commercial airports
Aerial view of Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 3
Clark International Airport
Subic Bay International Airport
Airport name     IATA     ICAO   Location   Coordinates  
Clark International AirportCRKRPLCClark Freeport (Angeles/Mabalacat)15°11′09″N 120°33′35″E
Ninoy Aquino International AirportMNLRPLLParañaque/Pasay14°30′31″N 121°01′10″E
Sangley Point AirportSGLRPLSCavite City14°29′29″N 120°53′38″E
Subic Bay International AirportSFSRPLBSubic Bay Freeport (Morong)14°47′40″N 120°16′16″E

Military airfields
Danilo Atienza Air Base

The following airports are operated by branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines for military or mixed military-civilian use.

Airport name     IATA     ICAO   Location   Coordinates  
Basilio Fernando Air BaseRPULLipa13°57′17″N 121°07′29″E
Camp Mateo Capinpin AirfieldTanay14°32′05″N 121°21′49″E
Cesar Basa Air BaseRPUFFloridablanca14°59′11″N 120°29′33″E
Clark Air BaseCRKRPLCClark Freeport (Mabalacat)15°11′09″N 120°33′35″E
Danilo Atienza Air BaseSGLRPLSCavite City14°29′29″N 120°53′38″E
Jesus Villamor Air BaseMNLRPLLPasay14°30′31″N 121°01′10″E

General aviation airports
Plaridel Airport
Airport name     IATA     ICAO   Location   Coordinates  
Barradas (Mannie W. Barradas/Santor) Airfield[2]Tanauan14°5′49″N 121°6′58″E
Calatagan (Hacienda Zobel) Airstrip[2]Calatagan13°50′37″N 120°38′5″E
OMNI Aviation Complex[2]RPLCMabalacat15°10′08″N 120°33′49″E
Plaridel AirportRPUXPlaridel14°53′26″N 120°51′10″E
Woodland Airpark (Gordon Boyce Airfield)[2]Magalang15°15′02″N 120°40′39″E

Water aerodromes
Airport name     IATA     ICAO   Location   Coordinates  
Air Juan Manila Harbor Seaplane Terminal[3]Manila14°33′24″N 120°58′46″E
CCP Bay Terminal[4]Manila14°33′30″N 120°58′59″E

Heliports
Name Owner / Operator Location Coordinates
INAEC Clark Hangar[5] Iloilo-Negros Air Express Mabalacat 15°11′32″N 120°32′54″E
INAEC Manila Hangar[5] Iloilo-Negros Air Express Pasay 14°31′4″N 121°0′7″E
St. Luke's Medical Center – Global City[5] St. Luke's Medical Center, Inc. Taguig 14°33′18″N 121°2′53″E
SM City North Edsa[5] SM Prime Holdings Quezon City 14°39′24″N 121°1′58″E
Tagaytay Track Oval[5] Local Government of Tagaytay Tagaytay 14°5′59″N 120°56′22″E
The Peninsula Manila[5] Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels Makati 14°33′18″N 121°1′31″E
V&A Law Center[5] Villaraza & Angangco Law Firm Taguig 14°33′32″N 121°3′23″E

Others
Airport name     IATA     ICAO   Location   Coordinates  
Bundagul (TIPCO) Airstrip[2]Mabalacat15°14′26″N 120°35′56″E
Minuyan Airstrip[2]Norzagaray14°56′15″N 121°4′51″E

Proposed new Manila airport

As early as the 1980s, there has been recognition of the constraints to expanding the Manila (later renamed Ninoy Aquino) International Airport's capacity and its continued ability to handle the projected growth in aircraft movements and passenger traffic.[6]

In May 2011, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) submitted to the Philippine Government a study concerning air transport needs within the Greater Manila Area, which concluded that the development of a new gateway airport was "an urgent need" given that the runway capacity at the existing Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) was "already almost saturated."[6]

The Philippine Government during the term of President Benigno ("Noynoy") Aquino III responded by adopting a dual airport system in May 2013, which entailed the upgrade of the facilities at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport while also expanding capacity at the Clark International Airport.[7]

JICA study

In October 2013 the Aquino administration requested JICA to conduct a pre-feasibility study to determine the best location of the new gateway airport recommended in the 2011 JICA study.[7] After considering the cost and viability of five options[8] the pre-feasibility study identified two potential sites for the airport: Sangley Point and Laguna de Bay[9] which would both involve reclaiming at least 2,000 hectares of land.[10]

On 13 June 2014 JICA formally recommended the construction of a new airport in the vicinity of Sangley Point, Cavite City, with the lower cost being among the factors considered: reclaiming land in that area will cost only ₱120 billion (US$2.4 billion) compared to ₱240 billion at Laguna de Bay (US$4.8 billion).[11][10] With this recommendation JICA began to work on a full feasibility study for the new Sangley Point-area airport, with 2025 as the target date for its opening.[10]

The full feasibility study has two phases: the first phase will compare two potential sites in the vicinity of Sangley Point, while the second phase will involve an "in-depth" analysis on the chosen location.[9] The study's final recommendation is expected to endorse one of two options: building the airport on the same site as the Danilo Atienza Air Base on Sangley Point at a cost of US$10 billion, or constructing on reclaimed land in central Manila Bay[8] between the air base and another reclaimed area at a cost of US$13 billion.[12] The airport, expected to be commercially operational by 2025 at the earliest,[12] will initially have two runways[9] but can be expanded to four runways capable of handling 700,000 aircraft movements and 130 million passengers annually.[12]

The full study was initially expected to be completed by April 2015,[13] then later moved to June 2015.[11] The target date for the full study's completion was again moved by JICA to early 2016,[8] around January or February, causing the government's timetables for the project's implementation to be pushed back.[14] Although the outgoing administration of Noynoy Aquino called on JICA to finish the full study before his term was to expire on 30 June 2016,[14] it was revealed in February 2016 that JICA will likely complete the study in 18 more months, or around August 2017.[12]

Unsolicited proposals from the private sector
Main articles: New Manila International Airport and Sangley Point Airport

Competing proposals from San Miguel Corporation headed by Ramon Ang and the All-Asia Resources and Reclamation Corporation (ARRC) venture headed by Henry Sy have been submitted for the Philippine Government's consideration as early as 2013.

In February 2015 the then-Secretary of the Department of Transportation and Communications (DoTC) Joseph Emilio Abaya announced they will no longer entertain unsolicited proposals from private groups given that they "spark controversies" that detract from the "open, transparent bidding" they intended for the project.[14] This was reversed in March 2017 by the Duterte administration, whose revamped Department of Transportation (DoTr) expressed interest in developing already-existing and new airports — instead of the previous plan of constructing only one gateway — to help decongest Manila's Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA).[15] The reversal was made against the advice of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA), which in the interest of promoting transparency and preventing charges of unethical dealmaking recommended on 27 October 2016 that the development project for the new Manila airport be subject to competitive bidding rather than through unsolicited mode, given that at least five other private sector groups are keen on undertaking the said project.[16]

In order that it can consolidate private sector proposals so that the efforts for decongesting the NAIA are made more coherent, the DoTr put on hold in February 2017 the ₱74.56-billion (US$1.5 billion) NAIA Development Project[15] which would have upgraded the airport's existing facilities to higher international standards and would have expanded the airport if necessary.[17]

Currently there are two unsolicited proposals from Ramon Ang-led San Miguel Corporation and the Henry Sy-backed All-Asia Resources and Reclamation Corporation (ARRC) venture group for the establishment of new airport to serve the Greater Manila Area.[15][18] The ARRC proposal is reportedly "up for approval" by NEDA as of 12 December 2016.[19] SMC's proposal on the other hand has been approved, but is still subject to a final examination of the concession agreement, followed by a Swiss challenge[20][21][22]

  • San Miguel Corporation (SMC) proposals:
    • The most recent proposal submitted to the Department of Transportation, as of February 2017, the construction of an airport with two parallel 3.5 km-long runways under a BOT scheme.[23] The 1,168-hectare airport complex[23] can be then upgraded to four runways capable of handling 100 million passengers, and to a maximum of six runways capable of handling 150 million passengers.[18] The airport is part of a larger 2,500-hectare, ₱700-billion (US$14-billion) "aerotropolis" in Bulacan, Bulacan.[23] The said project is planned to be linked to the North Luzon Expressway at Marilao and the MRT Line 7 by an expressway which SMC will also build.[23] Ramon Ang has hinted at this project since at least early 2012.[24]
    • In May 2014, Ramon Ang approached the Aquino government with a proposal to construct a US$10-billion new airport located on reclaimed land owned by CyberBay Corporation along the Manila-Cavite Expressway.[11][25] The facility would be capable of handling 75 million passengers annually, but can be expandable to four runways which would increase the capacity to 100 million passengers.[25]
  • All-Asia Resources and Reclamation Corporation (ARRC) proposals:
    • The most recent proposal reportedly being considered by NEDA, as of February 2017, is the construction of a US$20 billion[18] (₱1.3 trillion)[19] airport and seaport facility on land reclaimed from Manila Bay off Sangley Point as part of the so-called "Philippines Global Gateway" project,[23] which also includes an industrial complex (ecozone).[19] The entire ARRC project is estimated to cost US$50 billion, involving among other things the reclamation of a total of 2,500 hectares of land[26] and the construction of either an underwater tunnel to the SM Mall of Asia complex in Pasay or an extension of the Manila-Cavite Expressway to connect the project to Metro Manila.[19] In 2013, the ARRC commissioned Danish construction firm Rambøll Group A.S. to conduct a feasibility study for the airport component of the project, which calls for the reclamation of 50 hectares off Sangley Point and the development of an airport with two runways and a terminal capable of handling 50 million passengers annually.[27]
    • In December 2016 the ARRC also proposed to the Duterte administration a plan to develop the existing Danilo Atienza Air Base (Sangley Point Airport) and its 2.4 km long runway into a facility for low-cost carriers and general aviation "while waiting for the new airport."[19] This proposal involves the construction of a ₱3.3-billion airport terminal.[19] The air base's conversion into a civil airport is expected to reduce air traffic movements at NAIA by 20%.[19]

Notable historical airports

See also

References
  1. Perez, A. (15 February 2020). "Sangley Airport opens operations for small commercial aircraft". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  2. "Marketing Infrastructure and Facilities 2014" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  3. Arnaldo, Ma. Stella F. (10 November 2016). "Air Juan boosts local tourism businesses via island linkages". Business Mirror. Retrieved 4 May 2016.
  4. Camus, Miguel (21 June 2018). "Seaplane operator AirTrav rides on thriving PH tourism". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  5. Rey, Aika (3 April 2019). "Startup launches helicopter ride-sharing service". Rappler. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  6. "JICA study cites urgency of NAIA situation". The Philippine Star. 15 August 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  7. "JICA tapped to study NAIA replacement". ABS-CBN News. 24 October 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  8. Amojelar, Darwin G. (30 November 2015). "Manila airport study up in Q1—Jica". Manila Standard. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  9. Magturo, Daphne J. (28 March 2016). "DoTC urges JICA study on new airport". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  10. "New airport: JICA formally recommends Sangley". ABS-CBN News. 16 June 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  11. Agcaoili, Lawrence (2 January 2015). "JICA to complete study on Sangley airport in June". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  12. Marasigan, Lorenz S. (29 February 2016). "Govt pushes back timetable for rollout of Sangley Airport". Business Mirror. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  13. Dela Paz, Chrisee J. V. (2 September 2014). "Sangley Point feasibility study out by April". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  14. Marasigan, Lorenz S. (13 February 2015). "Proposed $11-B Sangley Point Airport project hits major snag". Business Mirror. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  15. Delavin, Imee Charles C. (23 March 2017). "Gov't shifts airport strategy; to develop multiple gateways". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  16. Ordinario, Cai (2 January 2017). "Neda: No unsolicited bids for Manila airport". Business Mirror. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  17. Republic of the Philippines. "NAIA PPP Project". Public-Private Partnership Center. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  18. Bloomberg (17 February 2017). "San Miguel makes rival bid to build new Manila airport". The Straits Times. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  19. Dela Paz, Chrisee (12 December 2016). "Tieng, Sy group optimistic Sangley airport proposal will be approved". Rappler. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  20. "San Miguel's Bulacan airport green-lighted by Neda board". BusinessMirror. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
  21. "NEDA body approves San Miguel's Bulacan airport, 8 other projects". Rappler. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
  22. "Bulacan airport proposal approved by NEDA Board". The Manila Times. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
  23. Camus, Miguel R. (15 February 2017). "DOTr reviews San Miguel's P700B Bulacan airport". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  24. "Ramon Ang wants to build airport in Bulacan". The Philippine Star. 2 April 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  25. "How Ramon Ang plans to solve NAIA woes". ABS-CBN News. 16 May 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  26. Amojelar, Darwin G. (30 October 2016). "Sy also eyes new airport". Manila Standard. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  27. Esplanada, Jerry E. (5 August 2013). "European team studying Cavite airport project bullish on PH". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  28. "Balara Airfield (New Balara Field)". Pacific Wrecks. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  29. "Bataan Airfield (Limay)". Pacific Wrecks. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  30. "Grace Park Airfield (Manila North)". Pacific Wrecks. 31 March 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
  31. "North Avenue Airfield (Quezon Airfield)". Pacific Wrecks. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  32. "Zablan Airfield (Manila East, Murphy)". Pacific Wrecks. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
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