List of current constituent monarchs

This is a list of currently reigning constituent monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

African monarchs

Asian monarchs

North American monarchs

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Panama	Drakes	Disputed [na 1]Drake Alexander Draquez	30 May 2004	Draquez	Elective and Hereditary [na 2]	[1]

Oceanian monarchs

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Marshall Islands [oc 1]	Ailinglaplap	Iroijlaplap Anjua Loeak	20 May 1976	Loeak	Elective and Hereditary	[2]
	Kwajalein	Iroijlaplap Imata Kabua	20 December 1996	Kabua	Elective and Hereditary	[3]
	Majuro	Iroijlaplap Jurelang Zedkaia [oc 2]	19 November 2010	Zedkaia	Elective and Hereditary	[4]
	North Ratak [oc 3]	Iroijlaplap Remios Hermios	10 December 1998	Hermios	Elective and Hereditary	[3]
Federated States of Micronesia	Madolenihmw	Nahnmwarki Kerpet Ehpel [oc 4]	November 2008	Dipwinpahnmei [oc 5]	Elective and Hereditary	[5][6]
	Sokehs	Nahnmwarki Herculano Kohler	1997	Sounkawad	Elective and Hereditary	[7]
	Uh	Nahnmwarki Welter John [oc 6]	30 September 1991	Lasialap [oc 7]	Elective and Hereditary	[8]
New Caledonia	Kunié	High Chief Hilarion Vendégou	26 September 1974 [oc 8]	Vao [oc 9]	Hereditary	[9]
	Maré	High Chief Dokucas Naisseline	6 June 2007	Naisseline [oc 10]	Hereditary [oc 11]	[10]
	Lifou	High Chief Evanes Boula	13 June 1999	Boula [oc 9]	Hereditary [oc 12]	[11]
New Zealand	Kīngitanga [oc 13]	Arikinui Tuheitia	21 August 2006	Te Wherowhero [oc 14]	Elective and Hereditary [oc 15]	[12]
	Tūwharetoa	Arikinui Te Heuheu Tūkino VIII	5 August 1997	Te Heuheu	Hereditary	[13]
Palau [oc 16]	Koror	Ibedul Yutaka Gibbons	September 1972	Ngerekldeu [oc 17]	Hereditary and Elective [oc 18]	[14][15][16]
	Melekeok	Reklai Bao Ngirmang	1998	Ngetelngal [oc 17]	Hereditary and Elective [oc 18]
Samoa [oc 19]		Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi [oc 20]	1 July 1983	Sa Tupua	Elective and Hereditary	[17]
		Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II [oc 21]	1977	Taua'ana	Elective and Hereditary	[18]
		Vacant [oc 22]	December 1997	Sa Mata'afa	Elective and Hereditary	[19]
		Vacant [oc 23]	11 May 2007	Sa Mālietoa	Elective and Hereditary [oc 24]	[20]
Tuvalu [oc 25]	Funafuti	Aliki Siaosi Finiki			Elective and Hereditary [oc 26]	[21][22]
	Nanumanga	Aliki Talivai Sovola		Mouhala	Elective and Hereditary
	Nanumea	Aliki Iliala Lima			Elective and Hereditary [oc 27]
	Niutao	Aliki Iosefa Lagafaoa			Elective and Hereditary
	Nui	Aliki Falani Mekuli			Elective and Hereditary
	Nukufetau	Aliki Valoaga Fonotapu			Elective and Hereditary
	Nukulaelae	Aliki Aifou Tafia			Elective and Hereditary
	Vaitupu	Aliki Londoni Panapa			Elective and Hereditary
Wallis and Futuna	Alo	Tuʻi Filipo Katoa	17 June 2016	Lalolalo	Elective and Hereditary [oc 28]	[23]
	Sigave	Tuʻi Eufenio Takala	5 March 2016	Vanai	Elective and Hereditary [oc 29]	[24]
	Uvea	Tuʻi Felice Tominiko Halagahu (co-claimant)	16 April 2016	Takumasiva	Elective and Hereditary [oc 30]	[25]
		Tuʻi Patalione Kanimoa (co-claimant)	17 April 2016

Cook Islands

Each major atoll in the Cook Islands has a number of arikis, ceremonial high chiefs who together form the Are Ariki, a parliamentary advisory body with up to 24 seats. The only domains not listed below are those of Manuae, on which current information is inadequate, and Penrhyn, whose chiefly line is extinct. Styles and names are listed in their conventional local form. In addition to the generic title of ariki, which is worn at the end of one's name, each chiefly line carries its own unique style, which is placed at the beginning. Thus, if the chief's name is "Henry" and his title is "Ngamaru", he is styled "Ngamaru Henry Ariki".

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Cook Islands	Aitutaki	Manarangi Tutai Ariki	2000	Vaipaepae o Pau	Hereditary	[26]
		Tamatoa Purua Ariki			Hereditary	[27]
		Vaeruarangi Teaukura Ariki			Hereditary	[28]
	Atiu	Parua Mataio Kea Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary	[29]
		Rongomatane Ada Ariki [oc 31]	1972	Paruarangi	Hereditary	[26]
		Ngamaru Henry Ariki	1995	Te Akatuira	Hereditary	[30]
	Mangaia	Numangatini Tereapii Ariki	29 August 2020	Nga Ariki	Hereditary	[31]
	Manihiki [oc 32]	Te Fakaheo Trainee Ariki [oc 33]		Hukutahu [oc 34]	Hereditary	[28][32]
		Vacant [oc 35]		Matangaro [oc 36]	Hereditary
	Mauke	Tamuera Ariki [oc 37]		Nurau	Hereditary	[29]
		Tararo Temaeva Ariki [oc 38]		Paruarangi	Hereditary	[28]
		Te Au Marae Ariki		Te Akatuira	Hereditary	[33]
	Mitiaro	Tou Travel Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary	[27]
		Tetava Poitirere Ariki		Paruarangi	Hereditary	[28]
		Temaeu Teikamata Ariki	20 February 1985[34]	Te Akatuira	Hereditary	[28]
	Pukapuka	Tetio Kaitara Pakitonga Paulo Paulo Ariki	24 December 2008	Pukapuka	Hereditary	[35]
	Rarotonga	Makea Vakatini Phillip Ngamatoa Ariki	20 July 2020	Te Au o Tonga	Hereditary	[36]
		George Taripo Karika Ariki	13 December 2018		Hereditary	[37]
		Vacant [oc 39]	1994		Hereditary	[38][39][40][41]
		Pa Tapaeru Marie Ariki [oc 40]	27 June 1990	Takitumu	Hereditary	[26]
		Kainuku Kapiriterangi Ariki	6 May 2006		Hereditary	[42]
		Tinomana Tokerau Ariki	21 Nov 2013	Puaikura [oc 41]	Hereditary	[26]

Others

In Fiji, which became a colony of Great Britain in 1874, the British monarchs were historically bestowed the title Tui Viti, which translates as "King of Fiji" or "Paramount Chief of Fiji". The last holder of the title (from 6 February 1952) was Queen Elizabeth II, of the House of Windsor. The state became a republic in 1987, abolishing the title by establishing a new constitution. The former Great Council of Chiefs, however, still recognised Elizabeth II as Tui Viti, as the nation's traditional queen and its supreme tribal chief, despite no longer holding a constitutional office. Consequently, while Fiji remains a republic, a monarch or paramount chief is still recognised by traditional tribal politics. The Queen has made no official claim to the Tui Viti throne, although she has remained open to the possibility of a constitutional restoration of the monarchy.[43]

Native chiefs in Fiji are considered members of the nobility. The House of Chiefs, consisting of about 70 chiefs of various rank determined by a loosely defined order of precedence, was modeled after the British House of Lords.[44] Tongan chiefs, subordinate to a king, are also considered nobles and have therefore been excluded from the above list.[45]

In American Samoa there are 12 paramount chiefs, all traditionally subordinate to the Tu'i Manu'a, a title that is now considered purely historical; the last titleholder, Elisala, died 2 July 1909. The paramount chiefly titles are: on Tutuila, Faumuina, Lei'ato, Letuli, Fuimaono, Tuitele, Satele, Mauga, and in the Manu'a Islands, Lefiti, Sotoa, Tufele, Misa and Tuiolosega.

See also

• Ethnarch
• Heads of former ruling families
• Imperial, royal and noble ranks
• List of current monarchs of sovereign states
• List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign
• List of monarchies
• Lists of monarchs
• Monarchy
• Traditional authority

Notes

North America

1. The most recent (since 31 May 1998) king, Jose, was deposed by a vote of no confidence in the Leadership Council, and was replaced (on 30 May 2004) by Drake Alexander Draquez The former, who is no longer in office, has disputed the legality of the deposition, and still claims the title. The new king has not yet been recognised by the government of Panama.
2. Succession is determined by the vote of the general adult population. An election for a new monarch may take place upon any occasion in which an eligible member of the royal family wishes to be considered. Until recently, the traditional law of succession followed a pattern similar to the rota system.

Oceania

1. The government of the Marshall Islands recognises 12 chiefly domains, called mojen, each headed by one or several paramount chiefs. Each domain is represented in the Council of Iroij, a legislative body of traditional chiefs guaranteed by the Constitution.
2. Jurelang is also (since 2 November 2009) the current head of state of the Marshall Islands.
3. This domain covers the islands of Ailuk, Aur, Maloelap, Taongi, Utirik and Wotje in the Ratak Chain. Its ruling clan has also laid claim to nearby Wake Island, under the name Eneen-Kio.
4. This chief is normally referred to as the Isipahu.
5. The ruling line belongs specifically to the Inenkatau (or Upwutenmai) sept of the Dipwinpahnmei clan.
6. This chief is normally referred to as the Sangiro.
7. The ruling line belongs specifically to the Sounpasedo sept of the Lasialap clan.
8. Hilarion was recognised as grand chef in 1974, but, due to a violent succession dispute with his relative Jean-Marie Vendégou, was not formally enthroned until 7 July 1979. He is also the mayor of the island commune until 2014.
9. A Kanak dynasty.
10. The Naisseline family is a branch of the Netché, a tribe of Kanaks.
11. The throne of the grand chef on Maré Island is traditionally held by the chief of Guahma district, an hereditary position.
12. The throne of the grand chef on Lifou Island, which also rules Ouvéa, is traditionally held by the chief of Lössi district, an hereditary position.
13. Commonly referred to as the "Māori King Movement". Its elected ariki nui is often called the "Māori King" due to his nationalistic influence over all Māori tribes as a symbol of unity. This title is not officially recognised by the government of New Zealand.
14. Te Wherowhero is the lineage of the first king. It belongs to the Waikato iwi, which is part of the Tainui confederation.
15. The monarch is appointed for life by the chiefs of the tribes involved in the Kīngitanga movement. Traditionally, selection is limited to direct descendants of the first king: Pōtatau I, of the Waikato tribe. However, in principle inheritance is open to any lineage should the electing chiefs be in agreement.
16. Palau is divided into 16 traditional polities. The 16-seat Council of Chiefs, made up of the traditional chiefs from each constituent state, is an advisory body to the President. The chiefs of Koror and Melekeok, the highest chiefs from Eoueldaob and Babeldaob respectively, are recognised as the two paramount chiefs of the nation.
17. This is not the name of the ruling house or clan: it is the ritual name used by the successive chiefs from this lineage.
18. Chiefs are selected by the most senior women of the ruling clan.
19. There are four paramount chiefs in Samoa, each presiding over a royal lineage (Tama a 'Āiga) of past kings. Chiefs are afforded considerable power. The national parliament, the Fono, is composed exclusively of chiefly titleholders (matai). The office of head of state (the O le Ao o le Malo) is traditionally reserved for the paramount chiefs, although this is not required by the Constitution.
20. Tufuga Efi has held the chiefly title of Tui Atua Fa'asavali since 1 July 1983.
21. Va'aletoa Sualauvi has been the head of state since 21 July 2017.
22. The throne of the Mata'afa has been vacant since 1997; little other information is available.
23. The throne of the Mālietoa has been vacant since 2007. The current claimant, Papali'i Fa'amausili Moli, succeeded to the throne as "Moli II" in a bestowal ceremony on 29 June 2007, but an interim order in the High Court dated 27 September 2007 prevents his use of the title. The interim order was demanded by senior representatives from the Talavou and Natuitasina branches of the clan, who were allegedly not consulted about nomination of the new titleholder. The holder of this title also wears the chiefly title of Susuga.
24. The lineage associated with this title consists of three branches: Sa Moli, Sa Talavou and Sa Natuitasina (also spelled Gatuitasina). As the succession law dictates, heirs of all three branches are equally entitled to hold the title, and accession of an heir to the title is subject to nomination and consensus from all three branches. The most recent titleholders have been from the Moli sept.
25. Each island or atoll has a traditional high chief, the ulu-aliki, who is recognised by and plays an active ceremonial role in the national government. Thrones are primarily elective, but candidates are limited to members of a number of chiefly clans.
26. Funafuti's traditional chieftaincy is limited to senior members of two chiefly clans: Te Aliki a Mua, and Te Aliki a Muli. By custom, succession rotates between the two lineages.
27. The high chief, or Pulefenua, is elected by a council of chiefs (the Fale Kaupule) from senior members of Nanumea's seven chiefly clans, all of which claim descent from the first settlers.
28. The king is elected by a council of chiefs from the senior members of the kingdom's four chiefly clans.
29. The king is elected by a council of chiefs from the senior members of the kingdom's three chiefly clans: the Tamole, the Keletaona, and the Safoka.
30. The king is elected, traditionally for ten years, by a council of ministers from the senior members of the kingdom's royal clans. These clans correspond to the three districts of the island: Hahake, Hihifo, and Muʻa. The present king is of the Hihifo clan.
31. Her full name is "Ada Teaupurepure Tetupu".
32. The two high chiefs on Manihiki also traditionally reign over neighbouring Rakahanga. They represent the populace of both islands in the area Ariki.
33. The title is also often written as Whakaheo Ariki.
34. Arikis of this line belong to either the Numatua or Tiangarotonga tribes.
35. The throne of Te Faingaitu Ariki (alternatively Whaingaitu) is vacant. It is apparently disputed between members of the eligible tribes, but no information is available on the claimants.
36. Arikis of this line belong to either the Heahiro or Mokopuwai tribes.
37. Sources are unclear on the name of the current Tamuera Ariki (often written Samuela Ariki).
38. His name is sometimes written "Te Maeva" or simply "Maeva".
39. The Makea Nui Ariki is one of three high chiefs in the Te Au o Tonga tribe on Rarotonga. The previous ariki died in 1994, and her successor has yet to be agreed upon. Several members of the tribe claim rightful inheritance of the title. Succession is traditionally limited to the Rangi Makea clan; the three other clans of the tribe (Sadaraka, Mere and Upokotokoa) are considered junior branches. Mere Maraea MacQuarrie, the youngest daughter of the last ariki, is the only known claimant from the Rangi Makea clan, and is apparently the contender most likely to be granted the title. Other contenders include Stanley Adam Hunt, Yolande Browne, and Matapo Oti Oti, all of whom claim descent from the earlier arikis. The first of these, Hunt, was "invested" with the Makea Nui title under the regnal name "Takaia Tutavake"; the ceremony, which took place 16 May 2009, was not recognised by the government.
40. Her full regnal name is "Tapaeru Teariki Upokotini Marie", most commonly known as "Pa Marie".
41. There are three separate lineages eligible for the Puaikura Royalty, all of which descend from Tinomana Enuarurutini (ca. 1820–1854) the King of Puaikura and one of his three wives. They are (in order of seniority): Te Pori a Pa, Oakirangi, and Akaiti a Rua. The current Tinomana Ariki revert to the first and only married wive "Te Pori a Pa line".

References

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Further reading

• Cahoon, Ben (2000–2010). "World Statesmen.org". Retrieved 19 April 2010.
• Remy, Adelin (1996–2010). "Almanach de Bruxelles". Retrieved 19 April 2010.
• Soszynski, Henry (1996–2010). "Genealogical Gleanings". University of Queensland. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2010.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Tick, Donald P. (2004–2008). "Indonesia Pusaka". Blogger. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
• Tick, Donald P. (2008–2010). "Kingdoms of Indonesia (Kerajaan Indonesia)". Blogger. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
• Tick, Donald P. (2007–2010). "Royal Timor: Kings, Rajas and Dynasties of Timor". Retrieved 28 April 2010.
• Van Klinken, Gerry (2007). "Return of the Sultans: The Communitarian Turn in Local Politics". The Revival of Tradition in Indonesian Politics: The Deployment of Adat from Colonialism to Indigenism. London: Routledge: 149–169. SSRN 1309406.