List of first women lawyers and judges in North America

This is a list of the first women lawyer(s) and judge(s) in North America (a separate list is devoted to the United States). It includes the year in which the women were admitted to practice law (in parentheses). Also included are the first women in their country to achieve a certain distinction such as obtaining a law degree.

Anguilla (GBR)

Antigua and Barbuda

Aruba (NLD)

Bahamas

Barbados
Mia Mottley: First female Attorney General of Barbados (2001)
  • Marie Elizabeth Bourne-Hollands (1947):[21] First female to practice law in Barbados
  • Norma E. Maynard-Marshall (1962):[22] First female solicitor in Barbados
  • Billie Miller (1969):[23] First female barrister in Barbados
  • Marie McCormack (1971):[24][25] First female judge (1971) and Judge of the High Court (1995) in Barbados
  • Sandra Mason (1975):[22][26][27] First Barbadian woman admitted to the Barbados Bar Association. She was the first female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Appeal (2008), as well as the first female magistrate appointed as an Ambassador from Barbados.
  • Mia Mottley (1986):[28] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Barbados (2001)

Belize
  • Hadie Goldson:[29] First female lawyer in Belize
  • Zoila Ellis-Browne:[30] First Garifuna female lawyer in Belize
  • Michelle Arana:[31] First female judge in Belize (upon becoming a Judge of the Supreme Court of Belize in 2006)
  • Vanessa Retreage:[32] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Belize (2015)
  • Lisa Shoman (1988):[33] First female appointed as a Judge of the Inter-American Development Bank's Tribunal (2017). She was also the first female to serve as the President of the Bar Association of Belize (1996).

Bermuda (GBR)
  • Lois Browne-Evans (1953):[34][35] First female lawyer in Bermuda, as well as Bermuda's first female Attorney General (1999)
  • Dianna Kempe (1970):[36] First female lawyer to become Queen's Counsel (QC) in Bermuda (2000)
  • Norma Wade-Miller (1977):[37][38][39][40] First female magistrate in Bermuda. She was also the first female Judge of the High Court, Justice of the Supreme Court of Bermuda and Acting Chief Justice in Bermuda.

Bonaire (NLD)
  • Dorothée de Sampayo:[8][9] First female Magistrate of the Court of Justice of the Netherlands Antilles (1982-1986). She later became the first female Registrar of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. [Bonaire]
  • Marga Domingo-Van Lieshout (2006):[41] First female registered to practice law in the Order of Lawyers Bonaire (Orde van Advocaten van Bonaire; founded in 2004)
  • Gisèle Veen-Jonkhout:[15] First female Public Prosecutor of the Netherlands Antilles (2010)

British Virgin Islands (GBR)
Dancia Penn: First female lawyer in the British Virgin Islands

Canada
Clara Brett Martin: First female lawyer in Canada (1897)
  • Clara Brett Martin (1897): First female lawyer in Canada (upon being called to the Ontario Bar)
  • Alice Jamieson and Emily Murphy:[44][45][46][47][48] First female judges in Canada (Alberta; 1914-1916)
  • Helen Kinnear (1920):[49][50] First female appointed as a judge by the Government of Canada (1943). She was also the first female lawyer in the British Commonwealth to become a King's Counsel (1934) and to argue a case before the Supreme Court of Canada (1935)
  • Mary A. Wawrykow (c. 1940s):[51] First female lawyer of Ukrainian descent in Canada
  • Greta Grant (1946): First female lawyer of Chinese ancestry in Canada
  • Violet King Henry (1954):[52] First Black female lawyer in Canada
  • Constance Glube (1956):[53][54] First female appointed as a Chief Justice in Canada (1982). She was also the first female appointed as a Justice of the Nova Scotia Supreme Court.
  • Gabrielle Vallée (1954):[55] First female appointed as the Associate Chief Justice of a Superior Court of Canada (1976)
  • Réjane Laberge-Colas (1957):[56] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court in Canada (1969)
  • Beverley McLachlin (1969):[57][58][59] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Canada (2000-2017). She was also the first female appointed as a Judge of the British Columbia Court of Appeal (1985) and Chief Justice of the British Columbia Supreme Court (1988).
  • Marion Ironquil Meadmore (1977):[60] First indigenous female lawyer in Canada
  • Bertha Wilson (c. 1950s):[61][62][63] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court in Canada (1982). She was also the first female to sit on the Ontario Court of Appeal in 1975.
  • Rosalie Abella:[64] First Jewish female judge in Canada (1975) and Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (2004)
  • Kim Campbell (1984):[65][66] First female Attorney General of Canada (1990-1993)
  • Corrine Sparks:[67] First Black female judge in Canada (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Nova Scotia Family Court in 1987)
  • Palbinder K. Shergill (1991):[68] First female (a Sikh) turbaned judge in Canada (2017)
  • Terry Vyse:[69] First aboriginal female judge in Canada (1991)
  • Maryka Omatsu:[70] First East Asian female judge in Canada (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Ontario Court of Justice in 1993)
  • Rose Boyko:[71] First aboriginal woman appointed as a superior court judge in Canada (1994)
  • Violet Ford (c. 1997):[72] First Inuk female lawyer in Canada
  • Diane M. Kelly (1999):[73] First female lawyer of the Anishinaabe Nation in Treaty No. 3 in Canada
  • Louise Charron:[61] First native-born Franco-Ontarian female to serve as a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (2004)
  • Suzanne Côté:[74] First female to be directly appointed from private practice as a Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (2014)
  • Michelle O'Bonsawin:[75][76] First Abenakise (and female) judge in Canada (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice in 2017)
  • Geneviève Bernatchez:[77] First female appointed as Judge Advocate General of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) (2017)

Alberta
  • Lillian Ruby Clements (c. 1915):[78] First female called to the Bar in Alberta, Canada
  • Catherine Fraser:[79] First female appointed as the Chief Justice of Alberta (1992)
  • Karen Crowshoe (1994):[80] First Blackfoot female called to the Alberta Bar. She later became the first female First Nations provincial court judge (2018).
  • Mary Moreau:[81] First female justice appointed as Chief Justice of the Alberta Court of Queen's Bench (2017)
  • Michelle Christopher (1987):[82] First female appointed as a Judge of the Medicine Hat Provincial Court (Alberta, Canada; 2018)

British Columbia
  • Mabel French (1912):[60][83][84] First female lawyer called to the British Columbia Bar and New Brunswick
  • Helen Gregory MacGill:[85] First female judge in British Columbia (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Juvenile Court in 1917)
  • Edith Paterson (1916):[86] First female member of the Law Society of British Columbia to become a judge (1929)
  • Shirley Giroday (1956):[87] First female lawyer in Northern British Columbia, Canada. She later became a judge.
  • Patricia Proudfoot:[86] First female appointed as a Justice of the British Columbia Supreme Court (1977). She was also the first female appointed as a Judge of the Criminal Division of the Provincial Court.
  • Marion Buller:[88] First female of the First Nations appointed as a Judge of the Provincial Court of British Columbia (1994)
  • Shirley Bond:[86] First female Attorney General of British Columbia (2011-2013)
  • Micheline Rawlins:[89] First female appointed as a Judge of the Ontario Court of Justice (1992)
  • Agnes Kristin Krantz:[90] First female lawyer in Prince George, Canada. In 2012, she died at the age of 67 after brief illness.[91]
  • Alicia Hubbard (2014):[92] First female called to the Bar in Salmon Arm, British Columbia

Manitoba
  • I.R. Macbean (c. 1917):[93] First female called to the Bar in Manitoba, Canada
  • Judith Webster:[94] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Provincial Court of Manitoba (1993-2001)
  • Doreen Redhead:[95] First First Nations female appointed as a Judge of the Provincial Court of Manitoba (2007)

New Brunswick
  • Mabel French (1912):[60][83][84] First female lawyer called to the British Columbia Bar and New Brunswick Bar
  • Jolène Richard:[96] First female appointed as the Chief Judge of the New Brunswick Provincial Court (2017)
  • Tracey K. DeWare:[97] First female justice to serve as the Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick (2019)

Newfoundland and Labrador

Nova Scotia
  • Frances Fish (1918):[98][99] First female lawyer in Nova Scotia, Canada
  • Elizabeth Roscoe:[100] First female appointed as a Judge of the Family Court judge in Nova Scotia (1984)
  • Nancy Bateman:[100] First female appointed as a Judge of the Nova Scotia County Court (1990)
  • Catherine Benton:[101] First Mi'kmaq and aboriginal female judge in Nova Scotia (2017)

Nunavut
  • Sandra Kunuk Inutiq (2006):[102] First Inuk female lawyer in Nunavut

Ontario

Prince Edward Island
  • Roma Stewart (1926):[105] First female lawyer in Prince Edward Island [Canada]
  • Nancy Orr:[106] First female judge of the provincial court of Prince Edward Island (1995). She later became the first Chief Judge (2015).

Quebec
  • Annie MacDonald Langstaff:[107] First woman to graduate in law in Quebec in 1914, but she was denied admission to the bar.
  • Elizabeth C. Monk (1942)[108] Constance G. Short (1942), Marcelle Hemond (1942) and Suzanne R. Fillion (1942):[109][110][111] First women called to the Ordre du Barreau québécois, Canada. Despite being a pioneer, Langstaff was still denied admission in 1942 because she did not possess a Bachelor of Arts degree as required of candidates.
  • Jeanne D'Arc Lemay (1946):[110] First female admitted to the Quebec Bar, Canada
  • Gabrielle Vallée (1950):[112] First female lawyer elected as the Bâtonnière in Quebec (1973)
  • Claire L'Heureux-Dubé (1952):[113] First female judge in the Court of Appeal of Quebec, Canada (1979)
  • Sylviane Borenstein:[112] First Jewish female lawyer elected as the Bâtonnière in Quebec (1989)
  • Nicole Duval Hesler (1968):[110] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Quebec (2011)
  • Guylène Beaugé (1984):[114][115] First female of Haitian descent appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of Quebec (2007)
  • Chantale Pelletier:[116] First female judge in the Criminal and Penal Division of Quebec (c. 2000s)
  • Sandra Bouchard:[117] First female judge of the Superior Court of Quebec to take office in Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (2018)
  • Fanny Wylde (2007):[118] First female lawyer from the Algonquin Nation and the first public prosecutor of the Couronne autochtone du Québec
  • Julie Philippe:[119] First indigenous female (Innu community of Mashteuiash) judge in Quebec (2020)
  • Nicole Gibeault:[120][121] First female judge in the Hull District and Outaouais,(1991) [Quebec, Canada]
  • Yvette Dussault Mailloux:[122] First female appointed as a Judge of the Court of Welfare in Montreal (1964) [Quebec, Canada]
  • Micheline Corbeil-Laramée:[123] First female Judge at the Municipal Court of Montreal to become a Judge at the Court of Quebec (1992-2008)
  • Ginette Fournier (c. 1950s):[112] First female lawyer in Quebec City, Quebec [Canada]
  • Isabelle Boillat:[124] First female lawyer to serve as the Bâtonnière of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec (2012) [Canada]
  • Thérèse Lemay-Lavoie (c. 1950s):[112] First female lawyer in Saint-Georges-de-Beauce, Quebec [Canada]

Saskatchewan
  • Margaret Burgess (1917):[125] First female called to the Saskatchewan Bar [Canada]
  • Ethel MacLachlan (1948):[126] First female judge in Saskatchewan (upon her appointment as a juvenile court judge in Saskatchewan in 1917)
  • Delia Opekokew (1979): First Aboriginal female lawyer called to the Ontario Bar and Saskatchewan Bar [Canada]
  • Mary Ellen Turpel-Lafond (1988):[127] First First Nations female judge in Saskatchewan [Canada]

Yukon
  • Edith Campbell:[128] First female appointed as a Justice of the Yukon Supreme Court (2018)

Cayman Islands (GBR)
  • Adrianne Webb (1975):[129][130] First female lawyer in the Cayman Islands
  • Priya Levers:[131][132] First female to serve as a Judge of the Cayman Islands Grand Court (2003)

Costa Rica

Firsts in a particular region in Costa Rica
  • Virginia Martén Pagés (c. 1947):[141][142] First female lawyer (and notary) to graduate from the University of Costa Rica [San Pedro Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica]

Cuba
  • Esperanza de Quesada Villalón:[143][144][145] First female lawyer in Cuba (c. 1913)
  • Maria T. Ruiz y Rojas:[146][147][148][149] First female judge in Cuba (c. 1926)
  • Rosa Anders:[150][151] First female appointed as a Public Defender in Cuba
  • Marlén Nidia Fernández Machado:[152][153] First female to serve as the Deputy Attorney General of Cuba

Curaçao (NLD)

Dominica
Eugenia Charles: First female lawyer in Dominica (1949)

Dominican Republic
  • Minerva Argentina Mirabal (c. 1940s):[158] First female to graduate with a law degree in the Dominican Republic, but she was denied the right to practice as an attorney
  • Ana Teresa Paredas:[159][160][161] First female lawyer in the Dominican Republic
  • Luisa Comarazamy de Los Santos:[162][163] First female Justice of the Peace in the Dominican Republic (c. 1950s)
  • Pura Luz Núñez Pérez and Semiramis Olivo de Pichardo:[164][165][166] First females to serve as the Attorney General of the Dominican Republic (their terms were 1988-1990 respectively)
  • Margarita Tavares Vidal (1947):[167][168] First female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the Dominican Republic (1997)
  • Zoila Martínez (1967):[167] First female appointed as Prosecutor of the National District in the Dominican Republic (1995)
  • Rhadys Abreu de Polanco:[167] First Dominican Republic female elected as a Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of the Organization of American States (2006)
  • Aura Celeste Fernández:[169][170] First female appointed as a Judge of the Central Electoral Board in the Dominican Republic (2006)
  • Olga Herrera Carbuccia:[167][171] First Dominican Republic female elected as a Judge of the International Criminal Court (2011)

Firsts in a particular region in the Dominican Republic

El Salvador

Firsts in a particular region in El Salvador
  • Maria Garcia de Jovel:[178] First female lawyer to graduate from the National University of El Salvador (1945) [San Salvador Department, El Salvador]

Greenland (DNK)
  • Agnete Weis Bentzon:[179] First female lawyer to perform a legal expedition in Greenland (the result of which led to the creation of a criminal law system in Greenland). She served as a judge in Greenland from 1963-1964. Prior to the expedition, she had the distinction of being Denmark's first female professor of law.
  • Vera Leth:[180][181] First Greenlandic female lawyer (1988). She is also the female to serve as the County Council Ombudsman for the Parliament of Greenland (1997).
  • Birgit Skriver:[182][183][184] First female to serve as a Judge of the Court of Greenland (2011; court created in 2010)

Grenada

Guadeloupe (FRA)

Guatemala

Haiti
  • Georgette Justin (1933):[203][204][205] First female lawyer in Haiti
  • Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (1971):[206][207][208] First female judge in Haiti (upon her appointment as a Judge of the Court of First Instance in 1979). She was also the first female appointed as a Justice of the Supreme Court of Haiti (or Court of Cassation; 1988).
  • Marie Suzy Legros:[209] First female elected to serve as a Bâtonnière (l’ordre des avocats de Port-au-Prince) in Haiti (2020)

Honduras

Jamaica
  • Lily Tai Ten Quee (1934):[216][217] First female Chinese barrister in Jamaica
  • Daisy Lucille Chambers (1948): First female lawyer in Jamaica[218][219]
  • Ena Joyce Collymore-Woodstock (1947; Bar's Gray Inn, England):[219][220][221] First female judge in Jamaica (upon her appointment as the Resident Magistrate in 1959). She was also the first female appointed as the Clerk of the Courts (1950).
  • Ena Blanche Allen (1953):[219][220][222] First female in Jamaica appointed as a Puisne Justice for the Supreme Court (1975)
  • Marjory "Madge" Morgan (1961):[219][220][223] First female Judge of the Court of Appeal in Jamaica (1988)
  • Zaila McCalla (1976):[224] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of Jamaica (2007)
  • Dorothy Lightbourne:[225] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Jamaica (2007-2011)
  • Arlene Harrison Henry (1978):[226][227] First female appointed as the Public Defender of Jamaica (2015)
  • Nicole Foster-Pusey (1993):[228][229] First female appointed as the Solicitor-General of Jamaica (2012)

Martinique (FRA)

Mexico
Marisela Morales: First female Attorney General of Mexico (2011)
  • María Asunción Sandoval de Zarco (1898):[234] First female lawyer in Mexico
  • Guadalupe Zuñiga de González:[235][236][237] First female appointed as a Judge of the Juvenile Court in Mexico (1926)
  • Esperanza Velázquez Bringas:[238][239][240] First female magistrate of the Superior Court of Justice of the Federal District of Mexico (1929)
  • Remedios Albertina Ezeta Uribe (1933):[241][242][243] First female judge (civil and criminal) in Mexico (c. 1940s)
  • María Lavalle Urbina (1944):[244][245][246] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of the District and Federal Territories (1947). She later became the first female President of the Senate of Mexico.
  • Dolores Hedúan Virués:[247] First female appointed as a Magistrate of the Tax Court of the Federation (1947)
  • María Cristina Salmorán de Tamayo:[248] First female appointed as the Minister (Judge) of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation of Mexico (1961)
  • Jiménez Trava:[249] First female to serve as the President of a Superior Court of Justice in Mexico (1971-1976)
  • Luz María Perdomo Juvera:[250][251] First female appointed as a federal judge (1974)
  • Berta Alfonsina Navarro Hidalgo:[252][253] First female appointed as a Judge of the District of Power and a Magistrate of the Superior Court of the Electoral Court of the Judicial Power of the Federation in Mexico
  • María del Carmen Alanís Figueroa:[254][255] First female to serve as the Magistrate President of the Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Power of the Federation (2007-2011)
  • Marisela Morales:[256] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Mexico (2011)

Firsts in a particular region in Mexico
  • Alba Herlinda Flores Domínguez:[257] First female to serve as the President of the Chihuahuan State Federation of Bar Associations (2015) [Chihuahua State, Mexico]
  • Rufina Maldonado:[258] First indigenous female to serve as a criminal judge in Chihuahua State, Mexico (2018)
  • Dolores González Torres:[259] First female lawyer in León, Mexico [Guanajuato State, Mexico]
  • Estela Rojas de Soto:[260] First female lawyer and magistrate in Hidalgo State, Mexico
  • Mercedes Martínez Montes de Velilla (1938):[261] First female lawyer in Jalisco State, Mexico
  • María Teresa Herrera:[262] First female appointed as a Judge of the Superior Court of Justice of Nuevo León [Nuevo León State, Mexico]. She later became the first female to preside over the court.
  • Juana María Meza López:[263] First female appointed as a Judge of the District in San Luis Potosí (c. 1983) [San Luis Potosí State, Mexico]
  • Martha Chávez Padrón:[264] First female lawyer in Tamaulipas State, Mexico
  • Reyna Karina Torres Barrientos:[265] First female appointed as a Judge of the Control in the Accusatory Penal System (2016) [Tamaulipas State, Mexico]
  • Antonia Jiménez Trava:[249] First female lawyer in Yucatán State, Mexico (c. 1970s)
  • Celia Rivas Rodríguez:[266] First female appointed as the Attorney General of the State of Yucatán, Mexico (2012)

Montserrat (GBR)

Nicaragua
  • Olga Núñez Abaunza (1945): First female lawyer in Nicaragua
  • Catalina Rojas and Joaquina Vega:[268][269][270] First female judges in Nicaragua (1948-1949)
  • Vilma Núñez de Escorcia:[271][272][273] First female to serve as a Judge and Vice-President of the Supreme Court of Nicaragua (1979)
  • Becky McCray Jefferaine (2007):[274][275] First female lawyer of Rama descent in Nicaragua
  • Ana Julia Guido Ochoa:[276] First female appointed as the Attorney General of Nicaragua (2014)
  • Doña Alba Luz Ramos:[277] First female judge to serve as the President of the Supreme Court of Nicaragua (2017)

Panama
  • Clara Gonzalez (1925):[278] First female lawyer in Panama. She later became the first female Judge of the Juvenile Justice Court when it was created in 1951.[279]
  • Marisol Reyes de Vásquez (c. 1958):[280] First female justice appointed as President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Panama (1985)
  • Graciela Dixon:[280][281] First Black female justice appointed as the President of the Supreme Court of Justice of Panama (2005)
  • Ana Matilde Gómez:[282][283] First female to serve as the Attorney General of Panama (2005)
  • Sara Omi Casamá:[284] First Emberá female lawyer in Panama
  • Dialys Ehrman:[285] First Guna female lawyer in Panama

Puerto Rico (USA)

See List of first women lawyers and judges in the Territories of the U.S. for more details.

Saba (NLD)

Saint Barthélemy (FRA)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint Lucia

Saint Martin (FRA)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (FRA)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Sint Eustatius (NLD)

Sint Maarten (NLD)

Trinidad and Tobago
  • Gladys Eileen Ramsaran (1932):[304] First female lawyer in Trinidad and Tobago
  • Mona Rigsby James (1939):[305] First native-born female lawyer in Trinidad and Tobago
  • Jean A. Permanand (1962):[306][307] First female appointed as a Judge of the Appeal Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1993-2004).She was also the first female lawyer to become the Solicitor General in Trinidad and Tobago in the 1980s.
  • Occah Seepaul (1964):[306][308] First female appointed as the Master of the High Court in Trinidad and Tobago (1986-1993)
  • Wendy Punnett-Hope:[306] First female appointed as the Acting Deputy Registrar of the Supreme Court of Trinidad and Tobago (1970-1977). Brenda Paray-Durity later became the first permanent female Registrar.
  • Marie Elizabeth Bourne-Hollands:[306][308] First female judge in Trinidad and Tobago (upon her appointment as a Judge of the High Court of Trinidad and Tobago in 1972). She was also the first female lawyer in Barbados.
  • Kamla Persad-Bissessar (1985):[309][310] First female lawyer to become the Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago (1995)
  • Morean Phillip:[311] First female appointed as the President of the Law Association of Trinidad and Tobago (1989)
  • Marcia Ayres-Caesar:[306][312] First female appointed as the Chief Magistrate at the Eighth Court in Port-of-Spain of Trinidad and Tobago (2010)

Turks and Caicos Islands (GBR)
  • Shirley D. Simmons (1980):[313][314] First female (a Bermudian) admitted to the Turks and Caicos Islands Bar Association
  • Margaret Ramsay-Hale (1991):[315][316][317] First female justice appointed as the Chief Justice of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2014).
  • Sarah Knight (1998):[318] First Turks and Caicos Islander female admitted to the Turks and Caicos Islands Bar Association. She later served as the association's president.
  • Rhondalee Braithwaite-Knowles:[319] First Turks and Caicos Islander female to become a Deputy Attorney General (2008) and Attorney General of Turks and Caicos Islands (2014)

United States

States

See List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States for more details.

United States Virgin Islands (USA)

See List of first women lawyers and judges in the Territories of the U.S. for more details.

KEY

See also

References
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