List of historic states of Italy

Italy, up until the Italian unification in 1861, was a conglomeration of city-states, republics, and other independent entities. The following is a list of the various Italian states during that period.

Part of a series on the
History of Italy
Early
Ancient Rome
Post-Roman Kingdoms
Odoacer's 476-493
Ostrogothic 493-553
Vandal 435-534
Lombard (independence) 565-774
Lombard (under the Frankish rule) 774-885
Frankish (as part of the Carolingian Empire) 885-961
Germanic (as part of the Holy Roman Empire) 961-1801
Medieval
Early modern
Modern
By topic

Timeline

 Italy portal

Archaic Italy
Ethnic groups of Italy (as defined by modern borders) in 400 BC

Classical Italy
Roman Empire under Caesar Augustus

Early Middle Ages

High Middle Ages
Political map of Italy in the year 1000
Political map of Southern Italy in the year 1112

States of the Holy Roman Empire

States in Southern Italy

Sardinian Judicates

Other states

Late Middle Ages
Italy in 1454, right after the Peace of Lodi.
Italy in 1494, before the beginning of the Italian Wars.

After the Italian Wars (1494–1559)
Map of Italy in 1559 after the Treaties of Cateau-Cambrésis. Possessions and Viceroyalties of the Spanish Habsburgs in yellow. Imperial fiefs in Italy of the Austrian Habsburgs in red borders.

Under the terms of the Peace of Cateau Cambrésis in 1559, at the end of the Italian Wars, Sardinia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Kingdom of Naples (inclusive of the State of Presidi) and the Duchy of Milan were under direct control of the Habsburg Spain. Therefore, the House of Habsburg became the main foreign force in the Italian peninsula.[2][3]

Major states

Minor states

After the Wars of Succession of the XVIII century
Political map of Italy in the year 1789

Following the European wars of succession of the XVIII century, several states in central-north Italy were ruled by the Habsburg-Lorraine from Austria. Southern Italy passed to a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons.

During Napoleonic times (1792–1815)
Political map of Italy in the year 1810

Sister republics of Revolutionary France

In personal union with France

Client states of the First French Empire

Other states

From the Restoration to the Unification
Political map of Italy in the year 1843

Following the defeat of Napoleon's France, the Congress of Vienna (1815) was convened to redraw the European continent. In Italy, the Congress restored the pre-Napoleonic patchwork of independent governments, either directly ruled or strongly influenced by the prevailing European powers, particularly Austria. The Congress also determined the end of two millenary republics: Genoa was annexed by the then Savoyard Kingdom of Sardinia, and Venice was incorporated with Milan into a new kingdom of the Austrian Empire.

At the time, the struggle for Italian unification was perceived to be waged primarily against the Habsburgs, since they directly controlled the predominantly Italian-speaking northeastern part of present-day Italy and were the most powerful force against the Italian unification. The Austrian Empire vigorously repressed nationalist sentiment growing on the Italian peninsula, as well as in the other parts of Habsburg domains.

Post-unification

Micronation

Italian Partisan Republics

The Italian Partisan Republics were the provisional state entities liberated by Italian partisans from the rule and occupation of Nazi Germany and the Italian Social Republic in 1944 during the Second World War. They were universally short-lived, with most of them being reconquered by the Wehrmacht within weeks of their formal establishments and re-incorporated into the Italian Social Republic.

  • Republic of Alba (10 October - 2 November)
  • Republic of Alto Monferrato (September - 2 December)
  • Republic of Alto Tortonese (September - December)
  • Republic of Bobbio (7 July - 27 August)
  • Republic of the Cansiglio (July - September)
  • Republic of Carnia (26 September - 10 October)
  • Republic of Carniola (2 February - March 1944)
  • Republic of Oriental Friuli (30 June - September)
  • Republic of Pigna (IM) (18 September 1944 - 8 October 1944)
  • Republic of the Langhe (September - November)
  • Republic of Montefiorino (17 June - 1º August)
  • Republic of Ossola (10 September - 23 October)
  • Republic of Torriglia (26 June - 27 November)
  • Republic of the Ceno Valley (10 June - 11 July)
  • Republic of the Enza Valley and the Parma Valley (June - July)
  • Republic of the Maira Valley and the Varaita Valley (June - 21 August)
  • Republic of the Taro Valley (15 June - 24 July)
  • Republic of the Lanzo Valley (25 June - September)
  • Republic of the Sesia Valley (11 June - 10 July)
  • Republic of Varzi (19/24 September - 29 November)

See also

References
  1. Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator, Variae, Lib. II., XLI. Luduin regi Francorum Theodericus rex.
  2. Christine Shaw, Michael Mallett. The Italian Wars 1494-1559: War, State and Society in Early Modern Europe. Routledge.
  3. "Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis | European history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.