List of mammals of Singapore

There are currently about 65 species of mammals in Singapore.[1] Since the founding of modern Singapore in 1819, over 90 species have been recorded, including large species such as tigers, leopards and sambar deer. Most of these have since become extirpated from Singapore largely due to rapid urban development, with occasional large mammals such as Asian elephants swimming across the Straits of Johor from Johor, Malaysia.[2]

Plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus)

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) was almost extirpated in Singapore

Many surviving species have critically low population numbers, the most seriously endangered being the cream-coloured giant squirrel, last sighted in 1995[3] and now possibly extirpated. The Raffles' banded langur is also down to around 60 individuals. However, some species have been rediscovered in more remote parts of the country, such as the Malaysian porcupine which was found on Pulau Tekong in 2005,[4] and the greater mousedeer on Pulau Ubin in 2009.[5]

The most commonly seen native mammals are the long-tailed macaque and plantain squirrel. The largest terrestrial mammal that can still be found is the wild boar, which is common on the offshore islands of Pulau Ubin and Pulau Tekong, but also found on the mainland. The largest mammals in Singapore, however, are marine creatures such as dugongs and dolphins. The colugo is also doing well, but these are rarely seen due to their elusiveness and camouflage.

Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Family Suidae (pigs)

• Wild boar (Sus scrofa) – Tuas,[6] Jurong, Western Catchment, Lim Chu Kang, Kranji, Choa Chu Kang, Bukit Panjang, Bukit Batok, Bukit Timah,[7] Central Catchment,[8] Seletar, Sengkang, Punggol, Coney Island, Lorong Halus, Pasir Ris, Changi, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong[9] LC[10]

Family Cervidae (deer)

• Sambar (Rusa unicolor) – Bukit Brown, Central Catchment (possibly extirpated, then re-established through escapees from captivity)[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] VU[18]
• Southern red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) – Central Catchment (possibly extirpated, recent sightings may be escapees from captivity),[11][19] Pulau Tekong (unverified sighting)[9] LC[20]

Family Tragulidae (mousedeer)

• Lesser mousedeer (Tragulus kanchil) – Central Catchment[19][21][22] LC[23]
• Greater mousedeer (Tragulus napu) – Pulau Ubin,[5] Western Catchment[24] LC[25]

Order Carnivora (carnivores)

Family Herpestidae (mongooses)

• Short-tailed mongoose (Herpestes brachyurus) (doubtful, historical record is based on a specimen that is likely to have been an escapee)[26] NT[27]

Family Viverridae (civets)

• Binturong (Arctictis binturong) (extirpated)[28] VU[29]
• Three-striped palm civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata) - Bukit Timah, Central Catchment[28][19][7][30][31] LC[32]
• Otter civet (Cynogale bennettii) (doubtful - based on old specimen without precise collection data)[11][28] EN[33]
• Masked palm civet (Paguma larvata) (indeterminate)[28] - Central Catchment[34] (possible escapee), Pulau Tekong[9] (unverified sightings) LC[35]
• Sumatran palm civet (Paradoxurus musangus) - widespread across mainland Singapore in forests, woodlands, parks, and urban areas with trees, Pulau Ubin[19][7][28] LC[36]
• Large-spotted civet (Viverra megaspila) (doubtful, historical record likely based on misidentified Malay civet)[28] EN[37]
• Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga) - Central Catchment,[38] possibly Pulau Tekong[28][9] but has been confused with Large Indian civet LC[39]
• Large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha) (indeterminate) - Jalan Bahar,[40] possibly Pulau Tekong[28][9] but has been confused with Malay civet, unverified sightings from Central Catchment LC[41]
• Small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) (doubtful)[28] LC[42]

Family Mustelidae (weasels, otters and relatives)

• Small-clawed otter (Aonyx cinereus) – Pulau Ubin,[43] Pulau Tekong,[44][9] sightings of lone individuals in mainland Singapore might be escapees from captivity[45] VU[46]
• Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata) - mangroves and coasts, rivers, canals, reservoirs, and lakes in many locations on mainland Singapore,[47][48] also often seen travelling overland or hunting in ornamental fish ponds, Pulau Ubin, Sentosa, St. John's Island, Pulau Semakau[49] VU[50]
• Hairy-nosed otter (Lutra sumatrana) (extirpated)[51] EN[52]

Family Felidae (cats)

• Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) – Pulau Ubin,[53] Pulau Tekong,[9][54] Western Catchment,[55] Central Catchment,[56] Sungei Buloh LC[57]
• Flat-headed cat (Prionailurus planiceps) (doubtful - based on single specimen from former Raffles Museum collection that has since been lost)[11] EN[58]
• Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardii) (doubtful - based on single specimen claimed to have been killed in Changi in 1898)[59] VU[60]
• Tiger (Panthera tigris) (extirpated)[11] EN[61]
• Leopard (Panthera pardus) (extirpated, unverified sightings on Pulau Tekong in 1980s)[62][63][11][9] VU[64]

Family Ursidae (bears)

• Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) (indeterminate, unverified sightings on Pulau Tekong in 1980s)[9] VU[65]

Order Cetacea (cetaceans)

Family Delphinidae (marine dolphins)

• Long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus capensis) (doubtful, previously lumped with Delphinus delphis)[66] DD[67]
• Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) – Singapore Strait[66][68][69] EN[70]
• False killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) (vagrant) – Tuas[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] NT[84]
• Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) – Straits of Johor, Singapore Strait[49][66][68][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] VU[97]
• Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) – Singapore Strait[66][92][98] NT[99]

Family Phocoenidae (porpoises)

• Finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) – Singapore Strait[66] VU[100]

Family Physeteridae (sperm whale)

• Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) (lone carcass in 2015) – Singapore Strait[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] VU[111]

Order Chiroptera (bats)

Family Pteropodidae (Old World fruit bats)

• Lesser dog-faced fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotis) - common and widespread[19][7][9][49] LC[112]
• Cave nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea) - common and widespread [19][7] LC[113]
• Common long-tongued fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus) - Sungei Buloh, Pulau Ubin,[114] Pulau Tekong[9] LC[115]
• Dusky fruit bat (Penthetor lucasi) – Bukit Timah[19][7] LC[116]
• Malayan flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) (visitor, former resident) - Central Catchment[19][7][117][118][119] NT[120]
• Geoffroy's rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus) (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)[121] LC[122]

Family Emballonuridae (sheath-tailed bats)

• Lesser sheath-tailed bat (Emballonura monticola) – Bukit Timah,[19][123] Pulau Ubin[124] LC[125]
• Pouched tomb bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus) [123][19][7][9] LC[126]
• Long-winged tomb bat (Taphozous longimanus) – Pulau Ubin[127] LC[128]
• Black-bearded tomb bat (Taphozous melanopogon) [123] LC[129]

Family Nycteridae (hollow-faced bats)

• Southeast Asian hollow-faced bat (Nycteris tragata) – Central Catchment[123][19] NT[130]

Family Megadermatidae (false vampires)

• Lesser false vampire (Megaderma spasma) – Pulau Ubin,[123][19][131] Pulau Tekong[9] LC[132]

Family Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

• Glossy horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus lepidus) – Bukit Timah,[123][19][7] Central Catchment[19] LC[133]
• Woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus luctus) - Central Catchment,[19] Changi[123][19] LC[134]
• Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sedulus) (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)[123] NT[135]
• Lesser brown horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus stheno) (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)[123] LC[136]
• Trefoil horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus trifoliatus) – Central Catchment,[123][19] Pulau Tekong[9] NT[137]

Family Hipposideridae (Old World leaf-nosed bats)

• Bicolored roundleaf bat (Hipposideros bicolor) – Bukit Timah[138] LC[139]
• Fawn roundleaf bat (Hipposideros cervinus) (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)[123] LC[140]
• Ashy roundleaf bat (Hipposideros cineraceus) – Pulau Ubin[131] LC[141]
• Ridley's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros ridleyi) (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)[123] VU[142]

Family Vespertilionidae (evening bats)

• Big-eared pipistrelle (Hypsugo macrotis) – Pulau Ubin[143] DD[144]
• Hardwicke's woolly bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) – Central Catchment,[138][145] Pulau Tekong[9] LC[146]
• Brown tube-nosed bat (Murina suilla) – Pulau Tekong[9] LC[147]
• Lesser large-footed myotis (Myotis hasseltii) LC[148]
• Horsfield's large-footed myotis (Myotis horsfieldii) – Central Catchment[149] LC[150]
• Whiskered myotis (Myotis muricola) - widespread[123][19][7] LC[151]
• Singapore whiskered bat (Myotis oreias) – endemic to Singapore, possibly globally extinct,[123] but might not actually exist[152] DD[153]
• Javan pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus) – widespread, recent records from Ayer Rajah,[154] Paya Lebar,[155] Punggol,[156] Upper Thomson,[157] Kent Ridge[158] LC[159]
• Narrow-winged pipistrelle (Pipistrellus stenopterus) – Singapore Botanic Gardens, Holland Village, Rochester Park, most recent record from Bukit Timah[160] LC[161]
• Asiatic lesser yellow bat (Scotophilus kuhlii) - common and widespread[123][19][7][9] LC[162]
• Lesser bamboo bat (Tylonycteris pachypus) – Bukit Timah[123][19] LC[163]
• Greater bamboo bat (Tylonycteris robustula) - widespread[123][19] LC[164]

Family Molossidae (free-tailed bats)

• Naked bulldog bat (Cheiromeles torquatus) – Bukit Timah,[123][165] Central Catchment,[19] Sembawang[166] LC[167]
• Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus) (indeterminate, possibly extirpated)[123][11] LC[168]

Order Dermoptera (colugo)

Family Cynocephalidae (colugo)

• Malayan colugo or Malayan flying lemur (Galeopterus variegatus) – Bukit Timah,[19][169][7] Bukit Batok,[170][171] Central Catchment,[19][172][169][173] Bukit Brown,[174] Gallop Road,[175] Portsdown,[176] Changi[177] LC[178]

Order Eulipotyphla (insectivores)

Family Soricidae (shrews)

• House shrew (Suncus murinus) – urban[66] LC[179]
• Malayan shrew (Crocidura malayana) – Bukit Timah,[11][19][7] Central Catchment[19] LC[180]

Family Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures)

• Moonrat (Echinosorex gymnura) (doubtful - based on single specimen from former Raffles Museum collection that has since been lost)[11] LC[181]

Order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Family Tapiridae (tapirs)

• Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) (visitor) – Pulau Ubin,[182] Changi[183][184] EN[185]

Order Pholidota (pangolins)

Family Manidae (pangolins)

• Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) – Bukit Timah,[19][7][186] Bukit Batok, Bukit Panjang, Central Catchment,[19][187][188][189] Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong,[190][9] Western Catchment, Labrador, may wander into built-up areas[191][192][193][194][195] CR[196]

Order Primates (primates)

Family Lorisidae (lorises)

• Sunda slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) – Bukit Timah,[7] Central Catchment,[197][198] Pulau Tekong[9] EN[199]

Family Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)

• Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) – Bukit Timah,[19][7] Central Catchment,[19] Sungei Buloh, Western Catchment, Bukit Batok, Woodlands Waterfront, Admiralty Park, Punggol, Coney Island, Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong,[9] Sentosa, Sisters Islands, lone individuals and small groups occasionally seen in parks and urban areas elsewhere in Singapore[200][201] VU[202]
• Southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) (doubtful, historical records in Singapore are likely to be based on escapees from captivity)[11] EN[203]
• Raffles' banded langur (Presbytis femoralis) – around 60 left in Central Catchment,[19][204][205][206][207][208][209] Upper Thomson[210] VU[211]
• Dusky langur (Trachypithecus obscurus) - Central Catchment (colonisation in 2019 with the appearance of a trio which likely originated from Johor[212][213]) EN,[214] Kent Ridge (likely escapee in 2008)[215]

Order Proboscidea (elephants)

Family Elephantidae (elephants)

• Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) (visitor) – Pulau Tekong (1990),[11][9][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226] Pulau Ubin (1991)[227][228][229][230][231][232][233][234][235][236][237] EN[238]

Order Rodentia (rodents)

Family Muridae (mice and rats)

• Asian house mouse (Mus musculus) – urban LC[239]
• Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) (introduced) – urban LC[240]
• Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) – urban, forest edge[19][7][9][49] LC[241]
• Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) - urban, forest edge LC[242]
• Malaysian wood rat (Rattus tiomanicus) [19][7][9][49] LC[243]
• Brown spiny rat (Maxomys rajah) – Central Catchment[19][244] VU[245]
• Red spiny rat (Maxomys surifer) (extirpated) – formerly recorded in Bukit Timah[7] LC[246]
• Annandale's rat (Sundamys annandalei) – Bukit Timah,[19][7] Central Catchment,[19] Pulau Ubin LC[247]

Family Spalacidae (mole-rats)

• Large bamboo rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis) (doubtful, historical records are likely escapees)[11] LC[248]

Family Sciuridae (squirrels)

• Finlayson's or variable squirrel (Callosciurus finlaysonii) (introduced) – Bidadari, Woodleigh LC[249]
• Plantain squirrel (Callosciurus notatus) – widespread and common on mainland, Sentosa, Pulau Tekong,[9] Pulau Ubin, Pulau Semakau[250] LC[251]
• Prevost's squirrel (Callosciurus prevostii) (doubtful)[11] LC[252]
• Three-striped ground squirrel (Lariscus insignis) (extirpated)[11] LC[253]
• Slender squirrel (Sundasciurus tenuis) – Bukit Timah, Bukit Batok, Central Catchment, Singapore Botanic Gardens LC[254]
• Cream-coloured giant squirrel (Ratufa affinis) (likely extirpated) – formerly recorded in Bukit Timah, Central Catchment[11][19] NT[255]
• Shrew-faced ground squirrel (Rhinosciurus laticaudatus) – Bukit Timah,[256] Central Catchment[257] NT[258]
• Red-cheeked flying squirrel (Hylopetes spadiceus) – Bukit Timah,[19][7] Central Catchment[259] LC[260]
• Horsfield's flying squirrel (Iomys horsfieldii) – Bukit Batok,[259] Bukit Timah,[19][7] Central Catchment[261][19] LC[262]
• Red giant flying squirrel (Petaurista petaurista) (likely extirpated)[11] LC[263]

Family Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

• Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) – Pulau Tekong,[9] Pulau Ubin,[264] Bukit Timah,[264][7] Central Catchment,[264] Western Catchment[265][264] LC[266]

Order Scandentia (treeshrews)

Family Tupaiidae (treeshrews)

• Common treeshrew (Tupaia glis) – Bukit Timah,[11][19][7] Central Catchment,[19] Singapore Botanic Gardens, Portsdown,[267] Bidadari, Bedok,[268] Bukit Batok,[269] Jurong Hill, Kent Ridge, Sungei Buloh, Western Catchment, Pulau Ubin LC[270]

Order Sirenia (sea cows)

Family Dugongidae (dugong)

• Dugong (Dugong dugon) – Straits of Johor, Singapore Strait[66] VU[271]

Note: "extirpated" means locally extinct in Singapore.

See also

• List of birds of Singapore
• List of reptiles of Singapore
• List of amphibians of Singapore

References

1. "List of mammal species present in Singapore". Retrieved 10 January 2016.
2. "Singapore is more wild than you think". The Straits Times. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
3. "Endangered squirrels". Retrieved 10 January 2016.
4. "The Tekong porcupine". Retrieved 10 January 2016.
5. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Sivasothi, N.; Teo, Robert (8 September 2009). "Rediscovery of greater mouse deer, Tragulus napu (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) in Pulau Ubin, Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 2: 373–378.
6. Ng, Abigail W. Y. (14 June 2017). "Big herd of boars at Tuas bus interchange captured in viral video". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
7. Teo, Robert C. H.; Thomas, Noel J. (29 May 2019). "Updated Inventory of Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore" (PDF). Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 71 (Supplement 1): 145–183. doi:10.26492/gbs71(suppl.1).2019-06.
8. Yong, Ding Li; Lee, Benjamin P. Y-H.; Ang, Andie; Tan, K. H. (7 September 2010). "The status on Singapore island of the Eurasian wild pig Sus scrofa (Mammalia: Suidae)" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 3: 227–237.
9. Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Chua, Marcus A. H.; Lim, Norman T-L. (1 November 2016). "Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 9: 165–198.
10. Keuling, O.; Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41775A44141833.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
11. Yang, Chang Man; Yong, Kenneth; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (31 October 1990). "Wild mammals of Singapore". In Chou, Loke Ming; Ng, Peter K. L. (eds.). Essays in zoology: Papers commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. pp. 2–24. ISBN 9971-62-253-X.
12. Chua, Marcus A. H. (18 July 2014). "Sambar at Mandai" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 193.
13. Ng, Charmaine (10 January 2018). "Sambar deer dashes across Mandai Road in rare sighting". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
14. Ng, Huiwen (16 February 2018). "Sambar deer dies after being hit by vehicle in Mandai Road". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
15. Ng, Huiwen; Tan, Audrey (18 June 2018). "Wild sambar deer put down due to severe injuries after 3-vehicle accident on BKE". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
16. Choo, Yun Ting (30 November 2018). "Deer seen wandering around Lornie Road put down due to injuries, old age". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
17. Goh, Timothy (19 December 2018). "Motorcyclist injured in Mandai Road accident involving wild sambar deer". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
18. Timmins, R.; Kawanishi, K.; Giman, B.; Lynam, A.; Chan, B.; Steinmetz, R.; Sagar Baral, H.; Samba Kumar, N. (2015). "Rusa unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41790A85628124. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41790A22156247.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
19. Teo, Robert C. H.; Rajathurai, Subaraj (1997). "Mammals, reptiles and amphibians in the Nature Reserves of Singapore - Diversity, abundance and distribution" (PDF). Gardens' Bulletin Singapore. 49 (2): 353–425.
20. Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Hedges, S. (2016). "Muntiacus muntjak". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42190A56005589. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T42190A56005589.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
21. Chan, Sow-Yan; Yap, Tai San (29 March 2019). "A lesser mousedeer at Chestnut Nature Park" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2019: 39.
22. Choo, Ruirong (28 February 2020). "A pair of mating lesser mousedeer" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2020: 19.
23. Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W. (2015). "Tragulus kanchil". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136297A61978576. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136297A61978576.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
24. Chua, Marcus A. H. (9 January 2015). "Greater mousedeer in Western Catchment Area" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 8.
25. Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W. (2015). "Tragulus napu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41781A61978315. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T41781A61978315.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
26. Wells, David R. (1989). "Notes on the Distribution and Taxonomy of Peninsular Malaysian Mongooses (Herpestes)" (PDF). Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society. 37 (1): 87–97.
27. Duckworth, J. W.; Mathai, J.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Herpestes brachyurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41610A45206655. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41610A45206655.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
28. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Low, Celine H. S. (December 2012). "The diversity and status of the civets (Viverridae) of Singapore". Small Carnivore Conservation. 47: 1–10.
29. Willcox, D. H. A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T. N. E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41690A45217088. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41690A45217088.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
30. D'Rozario, Vilma; Yeo, Suay Hwee (24 January 2014). "Three-striped palm civet at Nee Soon swamp-forest" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 32.
31. Subaraj, Serin; Rajathurai, Subaraj (30 November 2016). "Three-striped palm civets feeding on cauliflory figs" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 162.
32. Willcox, D. H. A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2016). "Arctogalidia trivirgata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41691A45217378. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41691A45217378.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
33. Ross, J.; Wilting, A.; Ngoprasert, D.; Loken, B.; Hedges, L.; Duckworth, J. W.; Cheyne, S.; Brodie, J.; Chutipong, W.; Hearn, A.; Linkie, M.; McCarthy, J.; Tantipisanuh, N.; Haidir, I. A. (2015). "Cynogale bennettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T6082A45197343. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6082A45197343.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
34. Rajathurai, Subaraj; Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Teo, Robert C. H. (20 December 2000). "Late Records (1993-1994)" (PDF). The Pangolin. Nature Society (Singapore). 8: 1–9.
35. Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Mathai, J.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B.; Ross, J. (2016). "Paguma larvata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41692A45217601. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41692A45217601.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
36. Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Mudappa, D.; Rahman, H.; Widmann, P.; Wilting, A.; Xu, W. (2016). "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41693A45217835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41693A45217835.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
37. Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J. W.; WWF-Malaysia; Roberton, S.; Gray, T. N. E.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Chutipong, W.; Long, B. (2016). "Viverra megaspila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41707A45220097. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41707A45220097.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
38. Lim, Norman T-L.; Ou Yang, Xiuling (13 March 2012). "Occurrence of the Malay Civet, Viverra tangalunga (Mammalia: Carnivora: Viverridae) in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 5: 79–81.
39. Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; Holden, J.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2016). "Viverra tangalunga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41708A45220284. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41708A45220284.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
40. Rajathurai, Subaraj; Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Teo, Robert C. H. (20 December 2000). "Singapore records for the year" (PDF). The Pangolin. Nature Society (Singapore). 3 (1–4): 3–15.
41. Timmins, R. J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Ghimirey, Y.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Rahman, H.; Long, B.; Choudhury, A. (2016). "Viverra zibetha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41709A45220429. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41709A45220429.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
42. Choudhury, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins }first3=R.; Chutipong, W.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Rahman, H.; Ghimirey, Y.; Mudappa, D. (2015). "Viverricula indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41710A45220632. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41710A45220632.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
43. Thomas, Noel J.; Teo, Robert C. H.; Subaraj, Serin (28 October 2016). "Oriental small-clawed otters on Pulau Ubin" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 159–160.
44. Sivasothi, N. (25 December 1996). "A family group of the small-clawed otter, Amblonyx cinereus (Illiger, 1815) (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Lutrinae, on Pulau Tekong Besar, the second resident wild carnivore in Singapore" (PDF). The Pangolin. Nature Society (Singapore). 7 (1–4): 23–31.
45. Thiagarajan, Sumita (6 October 2020). "Lone Asian small-clawed otter spotted in western S'pore, speculated to be an abandoned illegal pet". Mothership.
46. Wright, L.; de Silva, P.; Chan, B.; Reza Lubis, I. (2015). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T44166A21939068. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T44166A21939068.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
47. Theng, Meryl; Sivasothi, N. (January 2016). "The Smooth-Coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (Mammalia: Mustelidae) in Singapore: Establishment and Expansion in Natural and Semi-Urban Environments". IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin. 33 (1): 37–49.
48. Khoo, Max D. Y.; Sivasothi, N. (October 2018). "Population Structure, Distribution, and Habitat Use of Smooth-Coated Otters Lutrogale perspicillata in Singapore". IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin. 35 (3): 171–182.
49. Chua, Marcus A. H. (13 October 2011). "The herpetofauna and mammals of Semakau Landfill: A Project Semakau checklist" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 4: 277–287.
50. de Silva, P.; Khan, W. A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Feeroz, M. M.; Al-Sheikhly, O. F. (2015). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12427A21934884. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12427A21934884.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
51. Sivasothi, N.; Burhanuddin, Mohd. Nor (1 June 1994). "A review of otters (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Lutrinae) in Malaysia and Singapore". IUCN Hydrobiologia. 285 (1–3): 151–170. doi:10.1007/BF00005663. S2CID 44011643.
52. Aadrean, A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Heng, S.; Reza Lubis, I.; de Silva, P.; Olsson, A. (2015). "Lutra sumatrana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12421A21936999. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12421A21936999.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
53. Fung, Tze Kwan; Chua, Marcus A. H.; Teo, Robert C. H.; Sivasothi, N. (30 November 2017). "Mainland leopard cat on Pulau Ubin" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2017: 160–161.
54. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Sivasothi, N.; Meier, Rudolf (8 January 2016). "Population density, spatiotemporal use and diet of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in a human-modified succession forest landscape of Singapore". Mammal Research. 61 (2): 99–108. doi:10.1007/s13364-015-0259-4. S2CID 14269188.
55. Chua, Marcus A. H. (9 January 2015). "Leopard cat in Western Catchment Area" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 6.
56. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Sivasothi, N.; Ng, Peter K. L. (30 January 2015). "Leopard cat in Central Catchment Nature Reserve" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 20.
57. Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18146A50661611. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T18146A50661611.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
58. Wilting, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Lynam, A.; Mathai, J.; Meijaard, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ross, J.; Sunarto, S.; Traeholt, C. (2015). "Prionailurus planiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18148A50662095. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18148A50662095.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
59. Chasen, Frederick Nutter (30 January 2015). "A Preliminary Account of the Mammals of Singapore Island" (PDF). The Singapore Naturalist. 3 (4): 76-86.
60. Hearn, A.; Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Haidir, I. A.; Loken, B.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; McCarthy, J. (2015). "Neofelis diardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T136603A97212874. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T136603A50664601.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
61. Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y.; Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15955A50659951. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15955A50659951.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
62. Chew, Ian (July–September 2019). "Black panthers of Singapore" (PDF). Nature Watch. Vol. 27 no. 3. Nature Society (Singapore). pp. 12–16. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
63. Lo, Tien Yin; Lim, Trudy (1 June 1990). "Panther may be living on island". The New Paper. p. 14.
64. Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15954A163991139.
65. Scotson, L.; Fredriksson, G.; Augeri, D.; Cheah, C.; Ngoprasert, D.; Wai-Ming, W. (2017). "Helarctos malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T9760A123798233. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9760A45033547.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
66. Sigurdsson, Jon B.; Yang, Chang Man (31 October 1990). "Marine mammals of Singapore". In Chou, Loke Ming; Ng, Peter K. L. (eds.). Essays in zoology: Papers commemorating the 40th Anniversary of the Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore. pp. 25–37. ISBN 9971-62-253-X.
67. Hammond, P. S.; Bearzi, G.; Bjørge, A.; Forney, K.; Karczmarski, L.; Kasuya, T.; Perrin, W. F.; Scott, M. D.; Wang, J. Y.; Wells, R. S.; Wilson, B. (2008). "Delphinus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T6337A12663800. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T6337A12663800.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
68. Chua, Marcus (25 July 2014). "A carcass washed up at East Coast Park beach and what happened next got everyone excited". Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
69. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (25 July 2014). "Irrawaddy dolphin carcass at East Coast beach" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 201–202.
70. Minton, G.; Smith, B. D.; Braulik, G. T.; Kreb, D.; Sutaria, D.; Reeves, R. (2017). "Orcaella brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T15419A123790805. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T15419A50367860.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
71. Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Tay, Joe Boy (25 December 1996). "The False Killer Whale Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1E46) (Cetacea: Delphinidae) in Singapore" (PDF). The Pangolin. Nature Society (Singapore). 7 (1–4): 33–34.
72. "Mystery creature at Tuas". The Straits Times. 24 January 1994. p. 1.
73. "Divers, vets try to save whale found at Tuas". The Straits Times. 25 January 1994. p. 3.
74. "Rescuers to tow stranded whale out to sea today". The Straits Times. 26 January 1994. p. 3.
75. "Main attraction - 500 S'poreans flock to Tuas to watch bid to free whale". The Straits Times. 27 January 1994. p. 24.
76. "Whale watchers wait in hope". The Straits Times. 28 January 1994. p. 30.
77. "Mighty net may help to 'box' whale to safety". The Straits Times. 29 January 1994. p. 28.
78. "Where's the whale?". The Sunday Times. 30 January 1994. p. 1.
79. Kan, Geraldine (30 January 1994). "Whale does disappearing act". The Sunday Times. p. 26.
80. "Tuas whale found dead by fishermen". The Straits Times. 31 January 1994. p. 1.
81. "Old age, infection from wounds and stress killed whale, says vet". The Straits Times. 1 February 1994. p. 20.
82. "Tuas whale buried, minus lower jawbone". The Straits Times. 4 February 1994. p. 29.
83. "Whale of a time at the Museum". News from Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum. 26 April 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
84. Baird, R. W. (2018). "Pseudorca crassidens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T18596A145357488. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T18596A145357488.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
85. Chua, Marcus A. H. (25 July 2014). "Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin carcass at East Coast beach" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 206.
86. Tay, Teresa Stephanie; Ong, Rene (10 October 2014). "Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins off Lazarus Island" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 275.
87. Lee, Benjamin P. Y-H.; Ooi, Michelle (30 June 2020). "Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins near Jurong Island" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2020: 84–85.
88. Ee, David (15 November 2014). "Dolphins frolicking in Singapore's backyard". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
89. Lai, Linette; Tan, Audrey (7 July 2016). "Carcass of dolphin washes up on East Coast Park beach". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
90. Ng, Huiwen (7 July 2016). "Fate of dolphin carcass still unknown more than 12 hours after it was washed ashore on East Coast beach". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
91. Ng, Huiwen (8 July 2016). "Museum set to examine dolphin carcass". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
92. Nair, Sanjay (8 July 2016). "Dolphin carcass found at East Coast Park: Other sightings of the mammals in Singapore". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
93. Lam, Lydia (7 April 2018). "Dolphin 'caught in fishing line' at Bedok Jetty". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
94. Lam, Lydia (10 April 2018). "Acres finds and frees dolphin caught in fish net at Bedok Jetty". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
95. Ng, Charmaine (19 June 2018). "Pod of Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins spotted off Pulau Semakau". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
96. Foley, Con. "Indo-pacific Humpback Dolphin". Retrieved 16 November 2020.
97. Jefferson, T. A.; Smith, B. D.; Braulik, G. T.; Perrin, W. (2017). "Sousa chinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T82031425A123794774. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T82031425A50372332.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
98. Foley, Con. "Indo-pacific Bottlenose Dolphin". Retrieved 16 November 2020.
99. Braulik, G.; Natoli, A.; Kiszka, J.; Parra, G.; Plön, S.; Smith, B. D. (2019). "Tursiops aduncus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41714A50381127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41714A50381127.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
100. Wang, J. Y.; Reeves, R. (2017). "Neophocaena phocaenoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T198920A50386795. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T198920A50386795.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
101. Neo, Chai Chin (10 July 2015). "Carcass of sperm whale found near Jurong Island". Today. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
102. Tan, Audrey; Chew, Hui Min (10 July 2015). "Reseachers start dissecting sperm whale carcass found off Jurong Island". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
103. Tan, Audrey (11 July 2015). "Dead sperm whale found off Jurong Island". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
104. Sng, Edric (11 July 2015). "Dead whale could take 'several weeks' to dissect: Museum". Today. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
105. Kumar, Chitra (14 July 2015). "Dead sperm whale was female adult, deep cut on body may have been caused by propeller". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
106. Neo, Chai Chin (14 July 2015). "Dead sperm whale was adult female: Museum". Today. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
107. Lim, Yaohui (16 July 2015). "Whale of a find in Singapore". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
108. Tan, Audrey (12 April 2019). "Dead whale Jubi Lee found in Singapore tells tale of scientific discovery". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
109. Tan, Clarisse (9 April 2019). "Reconstructing a Sperm Whale's Tale". Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
110. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Lane, David J. W.; Ooi, Seng Keat; Tay, Serene H. X.; Kubodera, Tsunemi (5 April 2019). "Diet and mitochondrial DNA haplotype of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) found dead off Jurong Island, Singapore". PeerJ. 7: e6705. doi:10.7717/peerj.6705. S2CID 111260472.
111. Taylor, B. L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S. M.; Ford, J.; Mead, J. G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P.; Pitman, R. L. (2019). "Physeter macrocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41755A160983555. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41755A160983555.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.|date= / |doi= mismatch
112. Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Cynopterus brachyotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6103A22113381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T6103A22113381.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
113. Francis, C.; Rosell-Ambal, G.; Tabaranza, B.; Carino, P.; Helgen, K.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2008). "Eonycteris spelaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T7787A12850087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T7787A12850087.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
114. Thomas, Noel J.; Law, Ing Sind (28 December 2017). "Long-tongued nectar bat with pup on Pulau Ubin" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2017: 177.
115. Francis, C.; Rosell-Ambal, G.; Sedlock, J.; Ingle, N.; McKenzie, G.; Richards, N. (2008). "Macroglossus minimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T12594A3363390. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T12594A3363390.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
116. Waldien, D. L.; Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Suyanto, A.; Francis, C. M.; Kingston, T.; Maryanto, I. (2020). "Penthetor lucasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16563A22055450. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T16563A22055450.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
117. Yap, Francis (27 May 2016). "Malayan flying fox over MacRitchie" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 70.
118. Yap, Francis (30 June 2016). "More Malayan flying foxes over MacRitchie" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 80–81.
119. Tan, Audrey (9 June 2020). "100 large flying foxes spotted on World Environment Day". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
120. Bates, P; Francis, C.; Gumal, M.; Bumrungsri, S.; Walston, J.; Heaney, L.; Mildenstein, T. (2008). "Pteropus vampyrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T18766A8593657. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18766A8593657.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
121. Harrison, John Leonard (1966). Chou (ed.). An introduction to mammals of Singapore and Malaya. Malayan Nature Society. p. 340.
122. Waldien, D. L.; Wilson, Z.; Adleson, S.; Abdul Aziz, S.; Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Furey, N.; Ingle, N. R.; Mildenstein, T.; Phelps, K.; Tanalgo, K; Soisook, P.; Thong, V. D.; Wiantoro, S.; Tsang, S. M. (2019). "Rousettus amplexicaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19754A22001514. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19754A22001514.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
123. Pottie, Shirley A.; Lane, David J. W.; Kingston, Tigga; Lee, Benjamin P. Y-H. (2005). "The microchiropteran bat fauna of Singapore". Acta Chiropterologica. 07 (2): 237–247. doi:10.3161/1733-5329(2005)7[237:TMBFOS]2.0.CO;2.
124. Thomas, Noel J.; Tan, Justin (29 April 2016). "Rediscovery of the lesser sheath-tailed bat on Pulau Ubin" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 63–64.
125. Bates, P.; Francis, C.; Kingston, T. (2008). "Emballonura monticola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T7674A12842797. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T7674A12842797.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
126. Lumsden, L. (2017). "Saccolaimus saccolaimus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19802A22004019. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19802A22004019.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
127. Teo, Robert C. H. (22 June 2018). "First record of the long-winged tomb bat in Singapore" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2018: 59–61.
128. Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous longimanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21459A22111355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T21459A22111355.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
129. Phelps, K.; Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Helgen, K.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Balete, D. S.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Taphozous melanopogon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T21461A22110277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21461A22110277.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
130. Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Nycteris tragata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T14937A22014643. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T14937A22014643.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
131. Boh, Samantha (26 May 2017). "Bat man has a secret mission on Pulau Ubin". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
132. Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C.; Phelps, K. (2019). "Megaderma spasma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T12939A22022345. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T12939A22022345.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
133. Srinivasulu, B.; Csorba, G.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Rhinolophus lepidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19547A21977419. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19547A21977419.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
134. Thong, V. D.; Thanh, H. T.; Soisook, P.; Csorba, G. (2019). "Rhinolophus luctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19548A21977086. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19548A21977086.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
135. Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Rhinolophus sedulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19565A21994153. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19565A21994153.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
136. Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G.; Soisook, P. (2019). "Rhinolophus stheno". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T84383122A21991664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T84383122A21991664.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
137. Huang, J. C-C. (2020). "Rhinolophus trifoliatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19574A21990821. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19574A21990821.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
138. Leong, Tzi Ming; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (25 February 2009). "Noteworthy microchiropteran records from the Bukit Timah and Central Catchment Nature Reserves, Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 2: 83–90.
139. Khan, F. A. A.; Rajasegaran, P.; Shazali, N. (2020). "Hipposideros bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T80258800A22095301. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T80258800A22095301.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
140. Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Hall, L.; Bonaccorso, F. (2008). "Hipposideros cervinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T10118A3167457. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T10118A3167457.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
141. Douangboubpha, B.; Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Hipposideros cineraceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10119A22093106. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T10119A22093106.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
142. Khan, F. A. A.; Rajasegaran, P.; Rosli, Q. (2020). "Hipposideros ridleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10108A22098446. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10108A22098446.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
143. Lee, Benjamin P. Y-H.; Teo, Robert C. H. (22 June 2018). "First record of the big-eared pipistrelle in Singapore" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2018: 57–58.
144. Görföl, T.; Bates, P. J. J.; Lim, L. S.; Francis, C. M. (2016). "Hypsugo macrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T17349A22127259. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T17349A22127259.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
145. Baker, Nick (28 February 2014). "Hardwicke's woolly bat at Lower Peirce forest" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 55–56.
146. Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Csorba, G. (2020). "Kerivoula hardwickii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T154195594A21973742. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T154195594A21973742.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
147. Azhar, M. I.; Rossiter, S. J. (2020). "Murina suilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13947A22096800. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13947A22096800.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
148. Bates, P. J. J.; Hutson, A. M.; Carino, A.; Kingston, T.; Lee, B. P. Y-H.; Maryanto, I.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2020). "Myotis hasseltii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T14164A22056644. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T14164A22056644.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
149. Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Leong, Tzi Ming (25 April 2014). "New record of the Horsfield's large-footed myotis in Singapore" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 106–107.
150. Phelps, K.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L.; Gonzalez, J. C.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Myotis horsfieldii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14166A22057415. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T14166A22057415.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
151. Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Myotis muricola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T85537578A22065403. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T85537578A22065403.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
152. Csorba, Gábor; Smeenk, Chris; Lee, Benjamin P. Y-H. (12 December 2016). "The identity of Vespertilio oreias Temminck, 1840—solving a taxonomic puzzle". Zootaxa. 4205 (6): 564–570. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4205.6.4. PMID 27988549.
153. Csorba, G.; Bates, P.; Lee, B.; Soisook, P (2016). "Myotis oreias". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14186A22067080. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14186A22067080.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
154. Chan, Kwok Wai; Lim, Kelvin K. P.; Leong, Tzi Ming (6 August 2009). "The Javan pipistrelle, Pipistrellus javanicus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 02: 323–327.
155. Yap, Sean; Chua, Marcus A. H. (17 April 2014). "Javan pipistrelle at Paya Lebar" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 100.
156. Tan, Siong Kiat (31 August 2016). "Javan pipistrelle at Punggol" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 107.
157. Baker, Nick (25 January 2017). "Javan pipistrelles at Upper Thomson" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2017: 001–002.
158. Tan, Heok Hui; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (28 April 2017). "Javan pipistrelle at Kent Ridge" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2017: 49.
159. Kruskop, S. V.; Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Pipistrellus javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T17344A22128905. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T17344A22128905.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
160. Leong, Tzi Ming; Shunari, Mishak; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (26 August 2010). "The narrow-winged pipistrelle, Pipistrellus stenopterus (Dobson) in Singapore (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 03: 159–165.
161. Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Pipistrellus stenopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T14937A22014643. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T14937A22014643.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
162. Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Scotophilus kuhlii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T17364A22125283. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T17364A22125283.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.|date= / |doi= mismatch
163. Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Csorba, G. (2020). "Tylonycteris pachypus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22577A22086494. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22577A22086494.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
164. Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Csorba, G. (2020). "Tylonycteris robustula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22578A22086856. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22578A22086856.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
165. Leong, Tzi Ming; Teo, S. C.; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (29 May 2009). "The naked bulldog bat, Cheiromeles torquatus in Singapore-past and present records, with highlights on its unique morphology (Microchiroptera: Molossidae)" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 02: 215–230.
166. Leong, Tzi Ming (11 July 2014). "Naked bulldog bat from Sembawang" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 182–184.
167. Senawi, J.; Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Bates, P. J. J.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T. (2019). "Cheiromeles torquatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4601A22035361. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4601A22035361.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
168. Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Bates, P.; Ong, P.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T.; Heaney, L.; Balete, D. S.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Chaerephon plicatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6103A22113381. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T6103A22113381.en. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
169. Lim, Norman T-L.; Giam, Xingli; Byrnes, Greg; Clements, Gopalasamy R. (1 January 2013). "Occurrence of the Sunda colugo (Galeopterus variegatus) in the tropical forests of Singapore: A Bayesian approach". Mammalian Biology. 78 (1): 63–67. doi:10.1016/j.mambio.2012.06.008.
170. Lim, Norman T-L.; Ng, Peter K. L. (28 February 2010). "Population assessment methods for the Sunda Colugo Galeopterus variegatus (Mammalia: Dermoptera) in tropical forests and their viability in Singapore" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 58 (1): 157–164.
171. Yeo, Ron K. H. (4 April 2014). "Malayan colugo at Bukit Batok Nature Park" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 89.
172. Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy; Sha, John C. M.; Hsu, Minna J. (15 June 2005). "Population, Diet and Conservation of Malayan Flying Lemurs in Altered and Fragmented Habitats in Singapore". Biodiversity & Conservation. 15 (7): 2177–2185. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-6900-1. S2CID 24313720.
173. Tan, Heok Hui (2 May 2014). "Malayan colugo at Mandai Lake Road" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 117.
174. Hall, Margie (May–June 2012). "Two New Mammal Records for Bukit Brown" (PDF). Nature News. Nature Society (Singapore). p. 7.
175. Low, Mary-Ruth; Lai, Simin (21 December 2018). "Sighting of a Sunda colugo at Gallop Road" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2018: 138.
176. Bromley, Jill; Baker, Nick; Lim, Norman T-L. (30 April 2019). "Sighting of Sunda colugos at Wessex Estate" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2019: 46–47.
177. Seow, Gloria (July–August 2011). "Colugo Encounter near Changi Village" (PDF). Nature News. Nature Society (Singapore). p. 5.
178. Boeadi; Steinmetz, R. (2008). "Galeopterus variegatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T41502A10479343. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T41502A10479343.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
179. Hutterer, R.; Molur, S.; Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41440A22287830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41440A22287830.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
180. Cassola, F. (2016). "Crocidura malayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T5605A22298569. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T5605A22298569.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
181. Cassola, F. (2016). "Echinosorex gymnura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T40603A22326807. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T40603A22326807.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
182. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Lim, Kelvin K. P. (2011). "Tapirs. Family Tapiridae". In Ng, Peter K. L.; Corlett, Richard T.; Tan, Hugh T. W. (eds.). Singapore Biodiversity - An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet. p. 476. ISBN 978-981-4260-08-4.
183. Cheong, Frankie (29 July 2016). "Malayan tapir at Changi North" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 94–95.
184. Chew, Hui Min (25 June 2016). "Rare sighting of endangered Malayan tapir at Changi". The Straits Times. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
185. Traeholt, C.; Novarino, W.; bin Saaban, S.; Shwe, N. M.; Lynam, A.; Zainuddin, Z.; Simpson, B.; bin Mohd, S. (2016). "Tapirus indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21472A45173636. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T21472A45173636.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
186. Diermayr, Veronica (3 July 2015). "Sunda pangolin at Upper Bukit Timah Road" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 88.
187. Chua, Marcus A. H. (18 July 2014). "Sunda pangolin at Mandai" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 194.
188. Chua, Gary S. H.; Chua, Marcus A. H. (24 October 2014). "Sunda pangolin carcass at Upper Thomson Road" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 285.
189. Lau, Wei Han (12 June 2015). "Sunda pangolins crossing road at Upper Peirce" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 77–78.
190. Lim, Norman T. L.; Ng, Peter K. L. (20 June 2007). "Home range, activity cycle and natal den usage of a female Sunda pangolin Manis javanica (Mammalia: Pholidota) in Singapore" (PDF). Endangered Species Research. 4 (1–2): 233–240. doi:10.3354/esr00032.
191. Hicks, Robin (26 June 2016). "Pangolin rescued after wandering into the middle of traffic junction near Bishan Park". Coconuts Singapore. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
192. Chew, Hui Min (23 November 2016). "Lost pangolin is rescued from NTU dormitory and released into the wild". The Straits Times. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
193. Wong, Derek (28 November 2016). "Another lost pangolin this week, found in NUS this time, rescued and released into the wild". The Straits Times. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
194. Lim, Kristelynn (27 July 2019). "No poachers, but pangolins face roadkill risk in Singapore". The Straits Times. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
195. Chan, Simon Kee Mun (29 May 2020). "A Sunda pangolin at Yishun Central" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2020: 57.
196. Challender, D.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Panjang, E.; Lim, N.; Nash, H.; Heinrich, S.; Chong, J. (2020). "Manis javanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12763A123584856. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T12763A123584856.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.|date= / |doi= mismatch
197. Fam, S. D.; Lee, B. P. Y-H.; Shekelle, M. (31 July 2014). "The conservation status of slow lorises Nycticebus spp. in Singapore" (PDF). Endangered Species Research. 25 (1): 69–77. doi:10.3354/esr00599.
198. Law, Ing Sind; Groenewoud, David (10 April 2015). "Sunda slow loris at Mandai" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 49.
199. Nekaris, K. A. I.; Poindexter, S.; Streicher, U. (2020). "Nycticebus coucang". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163017685A17970966. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T163017685A17970966.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
200. Sha, John Chi Mun; Gumert, Michael D.; Lee, Benjamin P. Y-H.; Fuentes, Agustin; Rajathurai, Subaraj; Chan, Sharon; Jones-Engel, Lisa (18 March 2009). "Status of the long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis in Singapore and implications for management". Biodiversity and Conservation. 18 (11): 2909–2926. doi:10.1007/s10531-009-9616-4. S2CID 44216913.
201. Riley, Crystal M.; Jayasri, Srikantan L.; Gumert, Michael D. (30 October 2015). "Results of a nationwide census of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) population of Singapore" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 63: 503–515.
202. Eudey, A.; Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Boonratana, R. (2020). "Macaca fascicularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12551A17949449. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12551A17949449.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
203. Cheyne, S.; Eudey, A. (2020). "Macaca nemestrina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T12555A17950602. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12555A17950602.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
204. Ang, Andie; Ismail, Mirza Rifqi Bin; Meier, Rudolf (31 August 2010). "Reproduction and infant pelage coloration of the banded leaf monkey, Presbytis femoralis (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Singapore" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 58 (2): 411–415.
205. Ang, Andie; Srivasthan, Amrita; Md.-Zain, Badrul Munir; Ismail, Mirza Rifqi Bin; Meier, Rudolf (31 August 2012). "Low genetic variability in the recovering urban banded leaf monkey population of Singapore" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 60 (2): 589–594.
206. Baker, Nick (19 December 2014). "Banded leaf-monkeys at Upper Thomson" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2014: 327–329.
207. Tay, Maureen; Doshi, Dilip (24 April 2015). "Banded leaf-monkeys at Lower Peirce forest" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 52.
208. Baker, Nick (30 September 2016). "Banded leaf-monkeys crossing road" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 135–136.
209. Ang, Andie; Jabbar, Sabrina (28 February 2019). "Raffles' banded langurs at Windsor Nature Park" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2019: 32–35.
210. Ang, Andie; Jabbar, Sabrina (19 May 2020). "Use of forest in state land along Upper Thomson Road by Raffles' banded langurs Presbytis femoralis (Martin, 1838) in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 13: 7–10.
211. Ang, A.; Boonratana, R. (2020). "Presbytis femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18126A17955020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18126A17955020.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
212. Tan, Audrey (4 July 2020). "Monkey species native to Malaysia spotted in Singapore". The Straits Times. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
213. Ang, Andie; Jabbar, Sabrina; Khoo, Max (26 June 2020). "Dusky Langurs Trachypithecus obscurus (Reid, 1837) (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Singapore: potential origin and conflicts with native primate species". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 12 (9): 15967–15974. doi:10.11609/jott.5818.12.9.15967-15974.
214. Boonratana, R.; Ang, A.; Traeholt, C.; Thant, N. M. L. (2020). "Trachypithecus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22039A17960562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22039A17960562.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
215. Yeo, Hazelina H. T. (20 December 2013). "Dusky langur at Kent Ridge" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2013: 135–136.
216. Saini, Rohaniah (31 May 1990). "Wanted: Tusk force to catch wild elephants on Tekong". The Straits Times. p. 3.
217. Saini, Rohaniah (2 June 1990). "Tame elephants may be used as lure". The Straits Times. p. 25.
218. "Elephants must be removed for 'own good'". The Straits Times. 3 June 1990. p. 16.
219. Saini, Rohaniah (7 June 1990). "Trackers hot on trail of runaway jumbos". The Straits Times. p. 18.
220. "Elaborate plan to capture strays on Tekong". The Straits Times. 7 June 1990. p. 18.
221. Saini, Rohaniah (8 June 1990). "Trapped: Two of Tekong's three elephants". The Straits Times. p. 1.
222. "Bull's eye! With tranquilliser". The Straits Times. 9 June 1990. p. 1.
223. Saini, Rohaniah (9 June 1990). "Last elephant trapped". The Straits Times. p. 24.
224. Saini, Rohaniah (10 June 1990). "Operation 'Jumbo Move'". The Straits Times. p. 3.
225. Saini, Rohaniah (10 June 1990). "Praise for joint Singapore, Malaysia rescue team". The Straits Times. p. 3.
226. de Alwis, Lyn (1991). "Singapore's brush with wild elephants" (PDF). Gajah. 6: 5–10.
227. Miller, David (2 March 1991). "Man attacked by wild elephant in Pulau Ubin". The Straits Times. p. 2.
228. Miller, David (3 March 1991). "Hot on the elephant's trail... again". The Straits Times. p. 18.
229. "Operation Jumbo, Part Two..." The Straits Times. 3 March 1991. p. 18.
230. "Using tame jumbos as 'bait'". The Straits Times. 3 March 1991. p. 18.
231. Koh, Joh Ting (4 March 1991). "Ubin elephant goes after two Frenchmen". The Straits Times. p. 20.
232. Saini, Rohaniah (5 March 1991). "Ubin on jumbo alert". The Straits Times. p. 23.
233. Miller, David (7 March 1991). "Ubin elephant caught". The Straits Times. p. 1.
234. "Ubin elephant gets female escort home". The Straits Times. 9 March 1991. p. 19.
235. "Ubin send-off for elephant". The Straits Times. 10 March 1991. p. 2.
236. Abdullah, Yohanna (10 March 1991). "Early morning send-off for Ubin elephant..." The Straits Times. p. 16.
237. Abdullah, Mohd. Tajuddin; Daim, Mohd. Shariff; Zainuddin, Zainal Zahiri (1992). "Capture, immobilization and translocation of an elephant from Pulau Ubin, Singapore, to Endau-Rompin State Park, Johore, Malaysia" (PDF). Gajah. 8: 34–37.
238. Choudhury, A.; Lahiri Choudhury, D. K.; Desai, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Easa, P. S.; Johnsingh, A. J. T.; Fernando, P.; Hedges, S.; Gunawardena, M.; Kurt, F.; Karanth, U.; Lister, A.; Menon, V.; Riddle, H.; Rübel, A.; Wikramanayake, E. (2008). "Elephas maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T7140A12828813. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T7140A12828813.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
239. Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13972A115117618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T13972A22405706.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
240. Ruedas, L. A. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus (errata version published in 2020)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19353A165118026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19353A165118026.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
241. Heaney, L.; Molur, S. (2016). "Rattus tanezumi (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19366A115149780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19366A22445589.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
242. Ruedas, L.; Heaney, L.; Molur, S. (2016). "Rattus exulans (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19330A115146549. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19330A22440938.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
243. Aplin, K. (2016). "Rattus tiomanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19368A22445426. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19368A22445426.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
244. Baker, Nick (21 October 2013). "Brown spiny rat at Upper Seletar" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 20163: 26.
245. Ruedas, L. A. (2016). "Maxomys rajah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12904A22455724. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12904A22455724.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
246. Aplin, K. (2016). "Maxomys surifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12905A22455389. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T12905A22455389.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
247. Aplin, K. (2016). "Rattus annandalei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19321A22443976. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19321A22443976.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
248. Aplin, K.; Lunde, D. (2016). "Rhizomys sumatrensis (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19647A115152803. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19647A22275342.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
249. Duckworth, J. W. (2017). "Callosciurus finlaysonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T3596A22254494. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T3596A22254494.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
250. Yeo, Ron K. H. (31 August 2016). "Plantain squirrels at Semakau Landfill" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 110.
251. Duckworth, J. W. (2016). "Callosciurus notatus (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3600A115065317. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T3600A22254046.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
252. Cassola, F. (2016). "Callosciurus prevostii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T3603A22253650. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T3603A22253650.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
253. Tizard, R. J. (2016). "Lariscus insignis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T11305A22242321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T11305A22242321.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
254. Meijaard, E. (2016). "Sundasciurus tenuis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T21164A22249784. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T21164A22249784.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
255. Meijaard, E. (2017). "Ratufa affinis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19376A22261483. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19376A22261483.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
256. Tan, David J. X. (13 March 2015). "Shrew-faced squirrel at Bukit Timah" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 39.
257. Lim, Norman T-L.; Yeo, Alan W. M. (9 May 2012). "Records of the shrew-faced squirrel, Rhinosciurus laticaudatus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae), in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 5: 165–170.
258. Meijaard, E. (2017). "Rhinosciurus laticaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T42460A22241116. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T42460A22241116.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
259. Chua, Marcus A. H.; Baker, Nick; Yeo, Ron K. H.; Sivasothi, N. (18 December 2013). "New locality records for two species of flying squirrels (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 6: 301–305.
260. Duckworth, J. W. (2016). "Hylopetes spadiceus (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10607A115098135. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10607A22244296.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
261. Kim, Naomi; Yeo, Casey (30 April 2019). "Horsfield's flying squirrel at Upper Seletar" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2019: 57.
262. Aplin, K.; Lunde, D. (2016). "Iomys horsfieldii (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10845A115099730. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10845A22249234.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
263. Duckworth, J. W. (2016). "Petaurista petaurista (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16723A115138344. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16723A22272173.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
264. Chung, Y. F.; Lim, Norman T-L.; Shunari, M.; Wang, D. J.; Chan, Sharon K. L. (11 August 2016). "Records of the Malayan porcupine, Hystrix brachyura (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricidae) in Singapore" (PDF). Nature in Singapore. 9: 63–68.
265. Chua, Marcus A. H. (9 January 2015). "Malayan porcupine in Western Catchment Area" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 7.
266. Lunde, D.; Aplin, K.; Molur, S. (2016). "Hystrix brachyura (errata version published in 2017)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10749A115099298. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T10749A22232129.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
267. Baker, Nick (21 October 2013). "Common treeshrew at Portsdown estate" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2013: 18.
268. D'Rozario, Vilma (15 May 2015). "Common treeshrew at Bedok" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2016: 147.
269. Tay, Joe Boy (28 October 2016). "Common treeshrew at Burgundy Crescent" (PDF). Singapore Biodiversity Records. 2015: 60.
270. Sargis, E.; Kennerley, R. (2017). "Tupaia glis (errata version published in 2018)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T111872341A123796056. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T111872341A111872390.en. Retrieved 18 November 2020.{{cite iucn}}: error: |doi= / |page= mismatch (help)
271. Marsh, H.; Sobtzick, S. (2019). "Dugong dugon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T6909A160756767. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6909A160756767.en. Retrieved 17 November 2020.|date= / |doi= mismatch