List of managers at the FIFA World Cup

This is a list of all managers who have appeared in the FIFA World Cup, the most prestigious tournament for national teams in association football.

In total, over 350 individuals have managed or co-managed a team in at least one match in the World Cup. Carlos Alberto Parreira is the manager who has appeared in the most editions of the tournament, six from 1982 to 2010.[1] Parreira also shares with Bora Milutinović the record for most different nations managed in the World Cup, with five.[2] Helmut Schön holds the records for both most matches managed (25) and most matches won (16),[3] all with West Germany in 1966–1978.

Vittorio Pozzo is the only person who has won the World Cup twice as a manager, in 1934 and 1938 with Italy.[4] Mário Zagallo in 1970 with Brazil, Franz Beckenbauer in 1990 with West Germany and Didier Deschamps in 2018 with France won the tournament as managers after having previously won it as players.[5] For a complete list of title-winning managers, see List of FIFA World Cup winners.

The youngest manager to appear in the competition is Juan José Tramutola, who co-managed Argentina at age 27 in 1930,[6] while the oldest is Otto Rehhagel, who was in charge of Greece at age 71 in 2010.[7] The first person to have had the roles of both a player and a manager in the tournament is Milorad Arsenijević, who played for Yugoslavia in 1930 and went on to coach them in 1950.[8]

While many of the participating nations have been led on one or more occasions by foreign managers in the World Cup, the two teams with the most appearances, Brazil and Germany, have always been managed by natives.[lower-alpha 1] On the other side of the spectrum, Cameroon is the team with the most participations always led by foreigners, seven; all the managers employed by the team for the World Cup have come from UEFA countries.[9] No foreign manager has ever won the World Cup, and only two have reached the final match: George Raynor of England, with Sweden in 1958, and Ernst Happel of Austria, with the Netherlands in 1978.[10]

By team

The teams are listed in decreasing order of number of appearances in the World Cup.

By year

Flags indicate the managers' nationalities, while FIFA trigrammes indicate the teams they were in charge of.

Year Managers
1930

J. Laguna (PAR)  F. Olazar & J. Tramutola (ARG)  H. Goetinck (BEL)  U. Saucedo (BOL)  Píndaro (BRA)  R. Caudron (FRA)  G. Orth (CHI)  J. Luque de Serrallonga (MEX)  C. Rădulescu (ROU)  F. Bru (PER)  R. Millar (USA)  A. Suppici (URU)  B. Simonović (YUG)

1934

H. Meisl (AUT)  J. Uridil & C. Rădulescu (ROU)  H. Goetinck (BEL)  L. Vinhaes (BRA)  K. Petrů (TCH)  B. Glendenning (NED)  S. Kimpton (FRA)  O. Nerz (GER)  Ö. Nádas (HUN)  J. Nagy (SWE)  F. Pascucci (ARG)  V. Pozzo (ITA)  J. McCrae (EGY)  A. García (ESP)  H. Müller (SUI)  D. Gould (USA)

1938

A. Pimenta (BRA)  J. Tapia (CUB)  J. Meissner (TCH)  J. Butler (BEL)  B. Glendenning (NED)  G. Barreau (FRA)  S. Herberger (GER)  K. Rappan[lower-alpha 3] (SUI)  K. Dietz & A. Schaffer (HUN)  J. Nagy (SWE)  V. Pozzo (ITA)  J. Mastenbroek (INH)  A. Halvorsen (NOR)  J. Kałuża (POL)  A. Săvulescu & C. Rădulescu (ROU)

1950

F. Costa (BRA)  A. Buccicardi (CHI)  G. Raynor (SWE)  W. Winterbottom (ENG)  F. Novo (ITA)  M. Pretto (BOL)  O. Vial (MEX)  M. Fleitas Solich (PAR)  G. Eizaguirre (ESP)  F. Andreoli (SUI)  W. Jeffrey (USA)  J. López (URU)  M. Arsenijević (YUG)

1954

W. Nausch (AUT)  K. Rappan (SUI)  Z. Moreira (BRA)  K. Borhy (TCH)  W. Winterbottom (ENG)  P. Pibarot (FRA)  L. Czeizler (ITA)  G. Sebes (HUN)  S. Puppo (TUR)  A. Beattie & selection committee[lower-alpha 5] (SCO)  D. Livingstone (BEL)  Kim Yong-sik (KOR)  A. López Herranz (MEX)  J. López (URU)  S. Herberger (FRG)  A. Tirnanić (YUG)

1958

G. Stábile (ARG)  J. Argauer (AUT)  V. Feola (BRA)  K. Kolský (TCH)  G. Raynor (SWE)  W. Winterbottom (ENG)  A. Batteux (FRA)  L. Baróti (HUN)  P. Doherty (NIR)  A. González (PAR)  D. Walker[lower-alpha 6] (SCO)  G. Kachalin (URS)  A. López Herranz (MEX)  J. Murphy (WAL)  S. Herberger (FRG)  A. Tirnanić (YUG)

1962

H. Herrera (ESP)  J. Lorenzo (ARG)  A. Pedernera (COL)  K. Rappan (SUI)  A. Moreira (BRA)  G. Pachedzhiev (BUL)  F. Riera (CHI)  R. Vytlačil (TCH)  W. Winterbottom (ENG)  L. Baróti (HUN)  P. Mazza & G. Ferrari (ITA)  I. Trelles (MEX)  G. Kachalin (URS)  J. Corazzo (URU)  S. Herberger (FRG)  L. Lovrić, P. Mihajlović & H. Ruševljanin (YUG)

1966

J. Lorenzo (ARG)  R. Vytlačil (BUL)  V. Feola (BRA)  O. Glória (POR)  L. Álamos (CHI)  A. Ramsey (ENG)  H. Guérin (FRA)  L. Baróti (HUN)  E. Fabbri (ITA)  A. Foni (SUI)  I. Trelles (MEX)  Myung Rye-hyun (PRK)  N. Morozov (URS)  J. Villalonga (ESP)  O. Viera (URU)  H. Schön (FRG)

1970

R. Goethals (BEL)  Didi (PER)  M. Zagallo (BRA)  S. Bozhkov (BUL)  H. Carrasco (SLV)  J. Marko (TCH)  A. Ramsey (ENG)  E. Scheffer (ISR)  F. Valcareggi (ITA)  R. Cárdenas (MEX)  A. Niculescu (ROU)  G. Kachalin (URS)  O. Bergmark (SWE)  J. Hohberg (URU)  H. Schön (FRG)  B. Vidinić (MAR)

1974

V. Cap (ARG)  R. Rasic (AUS)  M. Zagallo (BRA)  H. Mladenov (BUL)  L. Álamos (CHI)  G. Buschner (GDR)  A. Tassy (HAI)  F. Valcareggi (ITA)  R. Michels (NED)  K. Górski (POL)  W. Ormond (SCO)  G. Ericson (SWE)  R. Porta (URU)  H. Schön (FRG)  M. Miljanić (YUG)  B. Vidinić (ZAI)

1978

C. Menotti (ARG)  E. Happel (NED)  H. Senekowitsch (AUT)  C. Coutinho (BRA)  M. Hidalgo (FRA)  L. Baróti (HUN)  H. Mohajerani (IRN)  E. Bearzot (ITA)  J. Roca (MEX)  M. Calderón (PER)  J. Gmoch (POL)  A. MacLeod (SCO)  L. Kubala (ESP)  G. Ericson (SWE)  A. Chetali (TUN)  H. Schön (FRG)

1982

M. Khalef & R. Mekhloufi (ALG)  C. Menotti (ARG)  F. Latzke & G. Schmidt (AUT)  G. Thys (BEL)  C. Parreira (KUW)  Telê Santana (BRA)  Tim (PER)  L. Santibáñez (CHI)  J. Vengloš (TCH)  M. Rodríguez (SLV)  J. Adshead (NZL)  R. Greenwood (ENG)  M. Hidalgo (FRA)  J. Vincent (CMR)  J. de la Paz Herrera (HON)  K. Mészöly (HUN)  E. Bearzot (ITA)  B. Bingham (NIR)  A. Piechniczek (POL)  J. Stein (SCO)  K. Beskov (URS)  J. Santamaría (ESP)  J. Derwall (FRG)  M. Miljanić (YUG)

1986

R. Saâdane (ALG)  C. Bilardo (ARG)  G. Thys (BEL)  Evaristo (IRQ)  J. Faria (MAR)  Telê Santana (BRA)  I. Vutsov (BUL)  B. Robson (ENG)  T. Waiters (CAN)  H. Michel (FRA)  G. Mezey (HUN)  E. Bearzot (ITA)  B. Bingham (NIR)  C. Ré (PAR)  A. Piechniczek (POL)  J. Torres (POR)  A. Ferguson (SCO)  Kim Jung-nam (KOR)  V. Lobanovskyi (URS)  M. Muñoz (ESP)  O. Borrás (URU)  F. Beckenbauer (FRG)  S. Piontek (DEN)  B. Milutinović (MEX)

1990

C. Bilardo (ARG)  J. Hickersberger (AUT)  G. Thys (BEL)  S. Lazaroni (BRA)  C. Parreira (UAE)  F. Maturana (COL)  J. Vengloš (TCH)  M. El-Gohary (EGY)  J. Charlton (IRL)  B. Robson (ENG)  A. Vicini (ITA)  L. Beenhakker (NED)  E. Jenei (ROU)  A. Roxburgh (SCO)  Lee Hoe-taik (KOR)  V. Lobanovskyi (URS)  V. Nepomnyashchy (CMR)  L. Suárez (ESP)  O. Nordin (SWE)  B. Gansler (USA)  Ó. Tabárez (URU)  F. Beckenbauer (FRG)  B. Milutinović (CRC)  I. Osim (YUG)

1994

A. Basile (ARG)  J. Solari (KSA)  P. Van Himst (BEL)  C. Parreira (BRA)  D. Penev (BUL)  F. Maturana (COL)  J. Charlton (IRL)  R. Hodgson (SUI)  H. Michel (CMR)  B. Vogts (GER)  A. Panagoulias (GRE)  A. Sacchi (ITA)  M. Mejía Barón (MEX)  A. Blinda (MAR)  D. Advocaat (NED)  C. Westerhof (NGA)  E. Olsen (NOR)  A. Iordănescu (ROU)  P. Sadyrin (RUS)  Kim Ho (KOR)  X. Azkargorta (BOL)  J. Clemente (ESP)  T. Svensson (SWE)  B. Milutinović (USA)

1998

D. Passarella (ARG)  H. Prohaska (AUT)  G. Leekens (BEL)  P. Carpegiani (PAR)  C. Parreira & M. Al-Kharashy[lower-alpha 7] (KSA)  R. Simões (JAM)  M. Zagallo (BRA)  H. Bonev (BUL)  N. Acosta (CHI)  H. Gómez (COL)  M. Blažević (CRO)  G. Hoddle (ENG)  A. Jacquet (FRA)  C. Le Roy (CMR)  H. Michel (MAR)  P. Troussier (RSA)  B. Vogts (GER)  J. Talebi (IRN)  C. Maldini (ITA)  T. Okada (JPN)  M. Lapuente (MEX)  G. Hiddink (NED)  E. Olsen (NOR)  H. Kasperczak & A. Selmi[lower-alpha 8] (TUN)  A. Iordănescu (ROU)  C. Brown (SCO)  Cha Bum-kun & Kim Pyung-seok[lower-alpha 4] (KOR)  J. Clemente (ESP)  B. Johansson (DEN)  S. Sampson (USA)  B. Milutinović (NGA)  S. Santrač (YUG)

2002

M. Bielsa (ARG)  R. Waseige (BEL)  L. Scolari (BRA)  H. Gómez (ECU)  A. Guimarães (CRC)  M. Jozić (CRO)  M. Olsen (DEN)  R. Lemerre (FRA)  B. Metsu (SEN)  P. Troussier (JPN)  W. Schäfer (CMR)  R. Völler (GER)  C. Maldini (PAR)  G. Trapattoni (ITA)  J. Aguirre (MEX)  G. Hiddink (KOR)  F. Onigbinde (NGA)  J. Engel (POL)  A. Oliveira (POR)  M. McCarthy (IRL)  O. Romantsev (RUS)  N. Al-Johar (KSA)  S. Katanec (SVN)  J. Sono (RSA)  J. Camacho (ESP)  S.-G. Eriksson (ENG)  L. Lagerbäck & T. Söderberg (SWE)  A. Souayah (TUN)  Ş. Güneş (TUR)  B. Arena (USA)  V. Púa (URU)  B. Milutinović (CHN)

2006

Oliveira Gonçalves (ANG)  R. La Volpe (MEX)  J. Pékerman (ARG)  M. Paquetá (KSA)  C. Parreira (BRA)  L. Scolari (POR)  Zico (JPN)  K. Brückner (CZE)  L. Suárez (ECU)  A. Guimarães (CRC)  B. Ivanković (IRN)  Z. Kranjčar (CRO)  R. Domenech (FRA)  R. Lemerre (TUN)  H. Michel (CIV)  J. Klinsmann (GER)  O. Pfister (TOG)  M. Lippi (ITA)  D. Advocaat (KOR)  M. van Basten (NED)  L. Beenhakker (TRI)  G. Hiddink (AUS)  P. Janas (POL)  R. Dujković[lower-alpha 2] (GHA)  I. Petković[lower-alpha 2] (SCG)  L. Aragonés (ESP)  S.-G. Eriksson (ENG)  L. Lagerbäck (SWE)  K. Kuhn (SUI)  O. Blokhin (UKR)  B. Arena (USA)  A. Ruiz (PAR)

2010

R. Saâdane (ALG)  M. Bielsa (CHI)  D. Maradona (ARG)  G. Martino (PAR)  Dunga (BRA)  C. Parreira (RSA)  R. Rueda (HON)  M. Olsen (DEN)  O. Hitzfeld (SUI)  J. Löw (GER)  O. Rehhagel (GRE)  R. Domenech (FRA)  P. Le Guen (CMR)  F. Capello (ENG)  M. Lippi (ITA)  T. Okada (JPN)  J. Aguirre (MEX)  B. van Marwijk (NED)  P. Verbeek (AUS)  R. Herbert (NZL)  Kim Jong-hun (PRK)  C. Queiroz (POR)  R. Antić (SRB)  M. Rajevac (GHA)  V. Weiss (SVK)  M. Kek (SVN)  Huh Jung-moo (KOR)  V. del Bosque (ESP)  S.-G. Eriksson (CIV)  L. Lagerbäck (NGA)  B. Bradley (USA)  Ó. Tabárez (URU)

2014

A. Sabella (ARG)  J. Sampaoli (CHI)  A. Postecoglou (AUS)  M. Wilmots (BEL)  V. Halilhodžić (ALG)  S. Sušić (BIH)  L. Scolari (BRA)  J. Pékerman (COL)  J. Pinto (CRC)  R. Rueda (ECU)  L. Suárez (HON)  N. Kovač (CRO)  R. Hodgson (ENG)  D. Deschamps (FRA)  S. Lamouchi (CIV)  V. Finke (CMR)  O. Hitzfeld (SUI)  J. Klinsmann (USA)  J. Löw (GER)  J. Appiah (GHA)  F. Capello (RUS)  C. Prandelli (ITA)  A. Zaccheroni (JPN)  M. Herrera (MEX)  L. van Gaal (NED)  S. Keshi (NGA)  P. Bento (POR)  C. Queiroz (IRN)  F. Santos (GRE)  Hong Myung-bo (KOR)  V. del Bosque (ESP)  Ó. Tabárez (URU)

2018

H. Cúper (EGY)  R. Gareca (PER)  J. Sampaoli (ARG)  Tite (BRA)  H. Gómez (PAN)  J. Osorio (MEX)  J. Pékerman (COL)  Ó. Ramírez (CRC)  Z. Dalić (CRO)  G. Southgate (ENG)  D. Deschamps (FRA)  H. Renard (MAR)  J. Löw (GER)  G. Rohr (NGA)  H. Hallgrímsson (ISL)  A. Nishino (JPN)  B. van Marwijk (AUS)  Å. Hareide (DEN)  A. Nawałka (POL)  C. Queiroz (IRN)  F. Santos (POR)  S. Cherchesov (RUS)  A. Cissé (SEN)  M. Krstajić (SRB)  Shin Tae-yong (KOR)  F. Hierro (ESP)  R. Martínez (BEL)  J. Pizzi (KSA)  J. Andersson (SWE)  V. Petković (SUI)  N. Maâloul (TUN)  Ó. Tabárez (URU)

By individual

Key: T – tournaments appeared in; N – different nations managed; M – matches; W – wins; D – draws; L – losses.

As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

Manager Nationality T N M W D L Editions and teams
Carlos Alberto Parreira  Brazil 6 5 231049 1982 KUW, 1990 UAE, 1994 BRA, 1998 KSA,[lower-alpha 7] 2006 BRA, 2010 RSA
Bora Milutinović  Yugoslavia
 FR Yugoslavia
5 5 20839 1986 MEX, 1990 CRC, 1994 USA, 1998 NGA, 2002 CHN
Sepp Herberger  Germany
 West Germany
4 1 18945 1938 GER, 1954 FRG, 1958 FRG, 1962 FRG
Walter Winterbottom  England 4 1 14356 1950 ENG, 1954 ENG, 1958 ENG, 1962 ENG
Lajos Baróti  Hungary 4 1 15528 1958 HUN, 1962 HUN, 1966 HUN, 1978 HUN
Helmut Schön  West Germany 4 1 251654 1966 FRG, 1970 FRG, 1974 FRG, 1978 FRG
Henri Michel  France 4 4 16646 1986 FRA, 1994 CMR, 1998 MAR, 2006 CIV
Óscar Tabárez  Uruguay 4 1 201037 1990 URU, 2010 URU, 2014 URU, 2018 URU
Constantin Rădulescu  Romania 3 1 5113 1930 ROU, 1934 ROU,[lower-alpha 9] 1938 ROU[lower-alpha 10]
Karl Rappan  Austria
 Germany[lower-alpha 3]
3 1 10316 1938 SUI, 1954 SUI, 1962 SUI
Gavriil Kachalin  Soviet Union 3 1 13634 1958 URS, 1962 URS, 1970 URS
Enzo Bearzot  Italy 3 1 18963 1978 ITA, 1982 ITA, 1986 ITA
Guy Thys  Belgium 3 1 16637 1982 BEL, 1986 BEL, 1990 BEL
Mário Zagallo  Brazil 3 1 201334 1970 BRA, 1974 BRA, 1998 BRA
Guus Hiddink  Netherlands 3 3 18765 1998 NED, 2002 KOR, 2006 AUS
Sven-Göran Eriksson  Sweden 3 2 13652 2002 ENG, 2006 ENG, 2010 CIV
Lars Lagerbäck  Sweden 3 2 11254 2002 SWE,[lower-alpha 11] 2006 SWE, 2010 NGA
Luiz Felipe Scolari  Brazil 3 2 211434 2002 BRA, 2006 POR, 2014 BRA
Hernán Darío Gómez  Colombia 3 3 9207 1998 COL, 2002 ECU, 2018 PAN
Joachim Löw  Germany 3 1 171214 2010 GER, 2014 GER, 2018 GER
José Pékerman  Argentina
 Colombia
3 2 14932 2006 ARG, 2014 COL, 2018 COL
Carlos Queiroz  Portugal 3 2 10244 2010 POR, 2014 IRN, 2018 IRN
Hector Goetinck  Belgium 2 1 3003 1930 BEL, 1934 BEL
Bob Glendenning  England 2 1 2002 1934 NED, 1938 NED
József Nagy  Hungary 2 1 5203 1934 SWE, 1938 SWE
Vittorio Pozzo  Italy 2 1 9810 1934 ITA, 1938 ITA
Juan López  Uruguay 2 1 9612 1950 URU, 1954 URU
Antonio López Herranz  Spain 2 1 5014 1954 MEX, 1958 MEX
George Raynor  England 2 1 11623 1950 SWE, 1958 SWE
Aleksandar Tirnanić  Yugoslavia 2 1 7232 1954 YUG, 1958 YUG
Vicente Feola  Brazil 2 1 9612 1958 BRA, 1966 BRA
Juan Carlos Lorenzo  Argentina 2 1 7322 1962 ARG, 1966 ARG
Ignacio Trelles  Mexico 2 1 6123 1962 MEX, 1966 MEX
Rudolf Vytlačil  Austria
 Czechoslovakia
2 2 9315 1962 TCH, 1966 BUL
Alf Ramsey  England 2 1 10712 1966 ENG, 1970 ENG
Luis Álamos  Chile 2 1 6033 1966 CHI, 1974 CHI
Ferruccio Valcareggi  Italy 2 1 9432 1970 ITA, 1974 ITA
Blagoje Vidinić  Yugoslavia 2 2 6015 1970 MAR, 1974 ZAI
Georg Ericson  Sweden 2 1 9234 1974 SWE, 1978 SWE
Michel Hidalgo  France 2 1 10424 1978 FRA, 1982 FRA
César Luis Menotti  Argentina 2 1 12714 1978 ARG, 1982 ARG
Miljan Miljanić  Yugoslavia 2 1 9234 1974 YUG, 1982 YUG
Billy Bingham  Northern Ireland 2 1 8143 1982 NIR, 1986 NIR
Antoni Piechniczek  Poland 2 1 11443 1982 POL, 1986 POL
Telê Santana  Brazil 2 1 10811 1982 BRA, 1986 BRA
Franz Beckenbauer  West Germany 2 1 14842 1986 FRG, 1990 FRG
Carlos Bilardo  Argentina 2 1 14842 1986 ARG, 1990 ARG
Valeriy Lobanovskyi  Soviet Union 2 1 7313 1986 URS, 1990 URS
Bobby Robson  England 2 1 12543 1986 ENG, 1990 ENG
Jozef Vengloš  Czechoslovakia 2 1 8323 1982 TCH, 1990 TCH
Jack Charlton  England 2 1 9153 1990 IRL, 1994 IRL
Francisco Maturana  Colombia 2 1 7214 1990 COL, 1994 COL
Javier Clemente  Spain 2 1 8332 1994 ESP, 1998 ESP
Anghel Iordănescu  Romania 2 1 9522 1994 ROU, 1998 ROU
Egil Olsen  Norway 2 1 7232 1994 NOR, 1998 NOR
Berti Vogts  Germany 2 1 10622 1994 GER, 1998 GER
Cesare Maldini  Italy 2 2 9432 1998 ITA, 2002 PAR
Philippe Troussier  France 2 2 7232 1998 RSA, 2002 JPN
Dick Advocaat  Netherlands 2 2 8413 1994 NED, 2006 KOR
Bruce Arena  United States 2 1 8224 2002 USA, 2006 USA
Leo Beenhakker  Netherlands 2 2 7043 1990 NED, 2006 TRI
Alexandre Guimarães  Costa Rica 2 1 6114 2002 CRC, 2006 CRC
Roger Lemerre  France 2 2 6024 2002 FRA, 2006 TUN
Javier Aguirre  Mexico 2 1 8323 2002 MEX, 2010 MEX
Marcelo Bielsa  Argentina 2 2 7313 2002 ARG, 2010 CHI
Raymond Domenech  France 2 1 10442 2006 FRA, 2010 FRA
Marcello Lippi  Italy 2 1 10541 2006 ITA, 2010 ITA
Takeshi Okada  Japan 2 1 7214 1998 JPN, 2010 JPN
Morten Olsen  Denmark 2 1 7313 2002 DEN, 2010 DEN
Rabah Saâdane  Algeria 2 1 6024 1986 ALG, 2010 ALG
Vicente del Bosque  Spain 2 1 10703 2010 ESP, 2014 ESP
Fabio Capello  Italy 2 2 7142 2010 ENG, 2014 RUS
Ottmar Hitzfeld  Germany 2 1 7313 2010 SUI, 2014 SUI
Roy Hodgson  England 2 2 7124 1994 SUI, 2014 ENG
Jürgen Klinsmann  Germany 2 2 11623 2006 GER, 2014 USA
Reinaldo Rueda  Colombia 2 2 6123 2010 HON, 2014 ECU
Luis Fernando Suárez  Colombia 2 2 7205 2006 ECU, 2014 HON
Didier Deschamps  France 2 1 12921 2014 FRA, 2018 FRA
Bert van Marwijk  Netherlands 2 2 10613 2010 NED, 2018 AUS
Jorge Sampaoli  Argentina 2 2 8323 2014 CHI, 2018 ARG
Fernando Santos  Portugal 2 2 8242 2014 GRE, 2018 POR
Francisco Bru  Spain 1 1 2002 1930 PER
Raoul Caudron  France 1 1 3102 1930 FRA
José Durand Laguna  Argentina 1 1 2101 1930 PAR
Juan Luque de Serrallonga  Spain
 Mexico
1 1 3003 1930 MEX
Robert Millar  Scotland
 United States
1 1 3201 1930 USA
Francisco Olazar  Argentina 1 1 5401 1930 ARG[lower-alpha 12]
György Orth  Hungary 1 1 3201 1930 CHI
Píndaro  Brazil 1 1 2101 1930 BRA
Ulises Saucedo  Bolivia 1 1 2002 1930 BOL
Boško Simonović  Yugoslavia 1 1 3201 1930 YUG
Alberto Suppici  Uruguay 1 1 4400 1930 URU
Juan José Tramutola  Argentina 1 1 5401 1930 ARG[lower-alpha 12]
Amadeo García  Spain 1 1 3111 1934 ESP
David Gould  Scotland
 United States
1 1 1001 1934 USA
Sid Kimpton  England 1 1 1001 1934 FRA
James McCrae  Scotland 1 1 1001 1934 EGY
Hugo Meisl  Austria 1 1 4202 1934 AUT
Heinrich Müller   Switzerland 1 1 2101 1934 SUI
Ödön Nádas  Hungary 1 1 2101 1934 HUN
Otto Nerz  Germany 1 1 4301 1934 GER
Felipe Pascucci  Italy 1 1 1001 1934 ARG
Karel Petrů  Czechoslovakia 1 1 4301 1934 TCH
Josef Uridil  Austria 1 1 1001 1934 ROU[lower-alpha 9]
Luiz Vinhaes  Brazil 1 1 1001 1934 BRA
Gaston Barreau  France 1 1 2101 1938 FRA
Jack Butler  England 1 1 1001 1938 BEL
Károly Dietz  Hungary 1 1 4301 1938 HUN[lower-alpha 13]
Asbjørn Halvorsen  Norway 1 1 1001 1938 NOR
Józef Kałuża  Poland 1 1 1001 1938 POL
Johannes Mastenbroek  Netherlands 1 1 1001 1938 INH
Josef Meissner  Czechoslovakia 1 1 3111 1938 TCH
Adhemar Pimenta  Brazil 1 1 5311 1938 BRA
Alexandru Săvulescu  Romania 1 1 2011 1938 ROU[lower-alpha 10]
Alfréd Schaffer  Hungary 1 1 4301 1938 HUN[lower-alpha 13]
José Tapia  Cuba 1 1 3111 1938 CUB
Franco Andreoli   Switzerland 1 1 3111 1950 SUI
Milorad Arsenijević  Yugoslavia 1 1 3201 1950 YUG
Alberto Buccicardi  Chile 1 1 3102 1950 CHI
Flávio Costa  Brazil 1 1 6411 1950 BRA
Guillermo Eizaguirre  Spain 1 1 6312 1950 ESP
Manuel Fleitas Solich  Paraguay 1 1 2011 1950 PAR
William Jeffrey  Scotland
 United States
1 1 3102 1950 USA
Ferruccio Novo  Italy 1 1 2101 1950 ITA
Mario Pretto  Italy 1 1 1001 1950 BOL
Octavio Vial  Mexico 1 1 3003 1950 MEX
Andy Beattie  Scotland 1 1 1001 1954 SCO[lower-alpha 5]
Karol Borhy  Czechoslovakia 1 1 2002 1954 TCH
Lajos Czeizler  Hungary 1 1 3102 1954 ITA
Kim Yong-sik  South Korea 1 1 2002 1954 KOR
Doug Livingstone  Scotland 1 1 2011 1954 BEL
Zezé Moreira  Brazil 1 1 3111 1954 BRA
Walter Nausch  Austria 1 1 5401 1954 AUT
Pierre Pibarot  France 1 1 2101 1954 FRA
Sandro Puppo  Italy 1 1 3102 1954 TUR
Gusztáv Sebes  Hungary 1 1 5401 1954 HUN
Josef Argauer  Austria 1 1 3012 1958 AUT
Albert Batteux  France 1 1 6402 1958 FRA
Peter Doherty  Northern Ireland 1 1 5212 1958 NIR
Aurelio González  Paraguay 1 1 3111 1958 PAR
Karel Kolský  Czechoslovakia 1 1 4112 1958 TCH
Jimmy Murphy  Wales 1 1 5131 1958 WAL
Guillermo Stábile  Argentina 1 1 3102 1958 ARG
Dawson Walker  Scotland 1 1 3012 1958 SCO[lower-alpha 6]
Juan Carlos Corazzo  Uruguay 1 1 3102 1962 URU
Giovanni Ferrari  Italy 1 1 3111 1962 ITA[lower-alpha 14]
Helenio Herrera  Argentina
 France
1 1 3102 1962 ESP
Ljubomir Lovrić  Yugoslavia 1 1 6303 1962 YUG[lower-alpha 15]
Paolo Mazza  Italy 1 1 3111 1962 ITA[lower-alpha 14]
Prvoslav Mihajlović  Yugoslavia 1 1 6303 1962 YUG[lower-alpha 15]
Aymoré Moreira  Brazil 1 1 6510 1962 BRA
Georgi Pachedzhiev  Bulgaria 1 1 3012 1962 BUL
Adolfo Pedernera  Argentina 1 1 3012 1962 COL
Fernando Riera  Chile 1 1 6402 1962 CHI
Hugo Ruševljanin  Yugoslavia 1 1 6303 1962 YUG[lower-alpha 15]
Edmondo Fabbri  Italy 1 1 3102 1966 ITA
Alfredo Foni  Italy 1 1 3003 1966 SUI
Otto Glória  Brazil 1 1 6501 1966 POR
Henri Guérin  France 1 1 3012 1966 FRA
Nikolai Morozov  Soviet Union 1 1 6402 1966 URS
Myung Rye-hyun  North Korea 1 1 4112 1966 PRK
Ondino Viera  Uruguay 1 1 4121 1966 URU
José Villalonga  Spain 1 1 3102 1966 ESP
Orvar Bergmark  Sweden 1 1 3111 1970 SWE
Stefan Bozhkov  Bulgaria 1 1 3012 1970 BUL
Raúl Cárdenas  Mexico 1 1 4211 1970 MEX
Hernán Carrasco Vivanco  Chile 1 1 3003 1970 SLV
Didi  Brazil 1 1 4202 1970 PER
Raymond Goethals  Belgium 1 1 3102 1970 BEL
Juan Hohberg  Argentina
 Uruguay
1 1 6213 1970 URU
Jozef Marko  Czechoslovakia 1 1 3003 1970 TCH
Angelo Niculescu  Romania 1 1 3102 1970 ROU
Emmanuel Scheffer  Israel 1 1 3021 1970 ISR
Georg Buschner  East Germany 1 1 6222 1974 GDR
Vladislao Cap  Argentina 1 1 6123 1974 ARG
Kazimierz Górski  Poland 1 1 7601 1974 POL
Rinus Michels  Netherlands 1 1 7511 1974 NED
Hristo Mladenov  Bulgaria 1 1 3021 1974 BUL
Willie Ormond  Scotland 1 1 3120 1974 SCO
Roberto Porta  Uruguay 1 1 3012 1974 URU
Rale Rasic  Yugoslavia
 Australia
1 1 3012 1974 AUS
Antoine Tassy  Haiti 1 1 3003 1974 HAI
Marcos Calderón  Peru 1 1 6213 1978 PER
Abdelmajid Chetali  Tunisia 1 1 3111 1978 TUN
Cláudio Coutinho  Brazil 1 1 7430 1978 BRA
Jacek Gmoch  Poland 1 1 6312 1978 POL
Ernst Happel  Austria 1 1 7322 1978 NED
László Kubala  Hungary
 Spain
1 1 3111 1978 ESP
Ally MacLeod  Scotland 1 1 3111 1978 SCO
Heshmat Mohajerani  Iran 1 1 3012 1978 IRN
José Antonio Roca  Mexico 1 1 3003 1978 MEX
Helmut Senekowitsch  Austria 1 1 6303 1978 AUT
John Adshead  England 1 1 3003 1982 NZL
Konstantin Beskov  Soviet Union 1 1 5221 1982 URS
Jupp Derwall  West Germany 1 1 7322 1982 FRG
Ron Greenwood  England 1 1 5320 1982 ENG
Mahieddine Khalef  Algeria 1 1 3201 1982 ALG[lower-alpha 16]
Felix Latzke  Austria 1 1 5212 1982 AUT[lower-alpha 17]
Rachid Mekhloufi  Algeria 1 1 3201 1982 ALG[lower-alpha 16]
Kálmán Mészöly  Hungary 1 1 3111 1982 HUN
José de la Paz Herrera  Honduras 1 1 3021 1982 HON
Mauricio Rodríguez  El Salvador 1 1 3003 1982 SLV
José Santamaría  Uruguay
 Spain
1 1 5122 1982 ESP
Luis Santibáñez  Chile 1 1 3003 1982 CHI
Georg Schmidt  Austria 1 1 5212 1982 AUT[lower-alpha 17]
Jock Stein  Scotland 1 1 3111 1982 SCO
Tim  Brazil 1 1 3021 1982 PER
Jean Vincent  France 1 1 3030 1982 CMR
Omar Borrás  Uruguay 1 1 4022 1986 URU
Evaristo  Brazil 1 1 3003 1986 IRQ
José Faria  Brazil 1 1 4121 1986 MAR
Alex Ferguson  Scotland 1 1 3012 1986 SCO
Kim Jung-nam  South Korea 1 1 3012 1986 KOR
György Mezey  Hungary 1 1 3102 1986 HUN
Miguel Muñoz  Spain 1 1 5311 1986 ESP
Sepp Piontek  West Germany 1 1 4301 1986 DEN
Cayetano Ré  Paraguay 1 1 4121 1986 PAR
José Torres  Portugal 1 1 3102 1986 POR
Ivan Vutsov  Bulgaria 1 1 4022 1986 BUL
Tony Waiters  England 1 1 3003 1986 CAN
Mahmoud El-Gohary  Egypt 1 1 3021 1990 EGY
Bob Gansler  United States 1 1 3003 1990 USA
Josef Hickersberger  Austria 1 1 3102 1990 AUT
Emerich Jenei  Romania 1 1 4121 1990 ROU
Sebastião Lazaroni  Brazil 1 1 4301 1990 BRA
Lee Hoe-taik  South Korea 1 1 3003 1990 KOR
Valery Nepomnyashchy  Soviet Union 1 1 5302 1990 CMR
Olle Nordin  Sweden 1 1 3003 1990 SWE
Ivica Osim  Yugoslavia 1 1 5311 1990 YUG
Andy Roxburgh  Scotland 1 1 3102 1990 SCO
Luis Suárez  Spain 1 1 4211 1990 ESP
Azeglio Vicini  Italy 1 1 7610 1990 ITA
Xabier Azkargorta  Spain 1 1 3012 1994 BOL
Alfio Basile  Argentina 1 1 4202 1994 ARG
Abdellah Blinda  Morocco 1 1 3003 1994 MAR
Kim Ho  South Korea 1 1 3021 1994 KOR
Miguel Mejía Barón  Mexico 1 1 4121 1994 MEX
Alketas Panagoulias  Greece 1 1 3003 1994 GRE
Dimitar Penev  Bulgaria 1 1 7313 1994 BUL
Arrigo Sacchi  Italy 1 1 7421 1994 ITA
Pavel Sadyrin  Russia 1 1 3102 1994 RUS
Jorge Solari  Argentina 1 1 4202 1994 KSA
Tommy Svensson  Sweden 1 1 7331 1994 SWE
Paul Van Himst  Belgium 1 1 4202 1994 BEL
Clemens Westerhof  Netherlands 1 1 4202 1994 NGA
Nelson Acosta  Uruguay
 Chile
1 1 4031 1998 CHI
Mohammed Al-Kharashy  Saudi Arabia 1 1 1010 1998 KSA[lower-alpha 7]
Miroslav Blažević  Croatia 1 1 7502 1998 CRO
Hristo Bonev  Bulgaria 1 1 3012 1998 BUL
Craig Brown  Scotland 1 1 3012 1998 SCO
Paulo César Carpegiani  Brazil 1 1 4121 1998 PAR
Cha Bum-kun  South Korea 1 1 2002 1998 KOR[lower-alpha 4]
Glenn Hoddle  England 1 1 4211 1998 ENG
Aimé Jacquet  France 1 1 7610 1998 FRA
Bo Johansson  Sweden 1 1 5212 1998 DEN
Henryk Kasperczak  Poland 1 1 2002 1998 TUN[lower-alpha 8]
Kim Pyung-seok  South Korea 1 1 1010 1998 KOR[lower-alpha 4]
Manuel Lapuente  Mexico 1 1 4121 1998 MEX
Claude Le Roy  France 1 1 3021 1998 CMR
Georges Leekens  Belgium 1 1 3030 1998 BEL
Daniel Passarella  Argentina 1 1 5311 1998 ARG
Herbert Prohaska  Austria 1 1 3021 1998 AUT
Steve Sampson  United States 1 1 3003 1998 USA
Slobodan Santrač  FR Yugoslavia 1 1 4211 1998 YUG
Ali Selmi  Tunisia 1 1 1010 1998 TUN[lower-alpha 8]
René Simões  Brazil 1 1 3102 1998 JAM
Jalal Talebi  Iran 1 1 3102 1998 IRN
Nasser Al-Johar  Saudi Arabia 1 1 3003 2002 KSA
José Antonio Camacho  Spain 1 1 5320 2002 ESP
Jerzy Engel  Poland 1 1 3102 2002 POL
Şenol Güneş  Turkey 1 1 7412 2002 TUR
Mirko Jozić  Croatia 1 1 3102 2002 CRO
Srečko Katanec  Slovenia 1 1 3003 2002 SVN
Mick McCarthy  Republic of Ireland 1 1 4130 2002 IRL
Bruno Metsu  France 1 1 5221 2002 SEN
António Oliveira  Portugal 1 1 3102 2002 POR
Festus Onigbinde  Nigeria 1 1 3012 2002 NGA
Víctor Púa  Uruguay 1 1 3021 2002 URU
Oleg Romantsev  Russia 1 1 3102 2002 RUS
Winfried Schäfer  Germany 1 1 3111 2002 CMR
Tommy Söderberg  Sweden 1 1 4121 2002 SWE[lower-alpha 11]
Jomo Sono  South Africa 1 1 3111 2002 RSA
Ammar Souayah  Tunisia 1 1 3012 2002 TUN
Giovanni Trapattoni  Italy 1 1 4112 2002 ITA
Rudi Völler  Germany 1 1 7511 2002 GER
Robert Waseige  Belgium 1 1 4121 2002 BEL
Luis Aragonés  Spain 1 1 4301 2006 ESP
Marco van Basten  Netherlands 1 1 4211 2006 NED
Oleg Blokhin  Ukraine 1 1 5212 2006 UKR
Karel Brückner  Czech Republic 1 1 3102 2006 CZE
Ratomir Dujković  Serbia[lower-alpha 2] 1 1 4202 2006 GHA
Branko Ivanković  Croatia 1 1 3012 2006 IRN
Paweł Janas  Poland 1 1 3102 2006 POL
Zlatko Kranjčar  Croatia 1 1 3021 2006 CRO
Köbi Kuhn   Switzerland 1 1 4220 2006 SUI
Ricardo La Volpe  Argentina 1 1 4112 2006 MEX
Oliveira Gonçalves  Angola 1 1 3021 2006 ANG
Marcos Paquetá  Brazil 1 1 3012 2006 KSA
Ilija Petković  Serbia[lower-alpha 2] 1 1 3003 2006 SCG
Otto Pfister  Germany 1 1 3003 2006 TOG
Aníbal Ruiz  Uruguay 1 1 3102 2006 PAR
Zico  Brazil 1 1 3012 2006 JPN
Radomir Antić  Serbia 1 1 3102 2010 SRB
Bob Bradley  United States 1 1 4121 2010 USA
Dunga  Brazil 1 1 5311 2010 BRA
Ricki Herbert  New Zealand 1 1 3030 2010 NZL
Huh Jung-moo  South Korea 1 1 4112 2010 KOR
Matjaž Kek  Slovenia 1 1 3111 2010 SVN
Kim Jong-hun  North Korea 1 1 3003 2010 PRK
Paul Le Guen  France 1 1 3003 2010 CMR
Diego Maradona  Argentina 1 1 5401 2010 ARG
Gerardo Martino  Argentina 1 1 5131 2010 PAR
Milovan Rajevac  Serbia 1 1 5221 2010 GHA
Otto Rehhagel  Germany 1 1 3102 2010 GRE
Pim Verbeek  Netherlands 1 1 3111 2010 AUS
Vladimír Weiss  Slovakia 1 1 4112 2010 SVK
James Kwesi Appiah  Ghana 1 1 3012 2014 GHA
Paulo Bento  Portugal 1 1 3111 2014 POR
Volker Finke  Germany 1 1 3003 2014 CMR
Louis van Gaal  Netherlands 1 1 7520 2014 NED
Vahid Halilhodžić  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 1 4112 2014 ALG
Miguel Herrera  Mexico 1 1 4211 2014 MEX
Hong Myung-bo  South Korea 1 1 3012 2014 KOR
Stephen Keshi  Nigeria 1 1 4112 2014 NGA
Niko Kovač  Croatia 1 1 3102 2014 CRO
Sabri Lamouchi  France 1 1 3102 2014 CIV
Jorge Luis Pinto  Colombia 1 1 5230 2014 CRC
Ange Postecoglou  Australia 1 1 3003 2014 AUS
Cesare Prandelli  Italy 1 1 3102 2014 ITA
Alejandro Sabella  Argentina 1 1 7511 2014 ARG
Safet Sušić  Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 1 3102 2014 BIH
Marc Wilmots  Belgium 1 1 5401 2014 BEL
Alberto Zaccheroni  Italy 1 1 3012 2014 JPN
Janne Andersson  Sweden 1 1 5302 2018 SWE
Stanislav Cherchesov  Russia 1 1 5221 2018 RUS
Aliou Cissé  Senegal 1 1 3111 2018 SEN
Héctor Cúper  Argentina 1 1 3003 2018 EGY
Zlatko Dalić  Croatia 1 1 7421 2018 CRO
Ricardo Gareca  Argentina 1 1 3102 2018 PER
Heimir Hallgrímsson  Iceland 1 1 3012 2018 ISL
Åge Hareide  Norway 1 1 4130 2018 DEN
Fernando Hierro  Spain 1 1 4130 2018 ESP
Mladen Krstajić  Serbia 1 1 3102 2018 SRB
Nabil Maâloul  Tunisia 1 1 3102 2018 TUN
Roberto Martínez  Spain 1 1 7601 2018 BEL
Adam Nawałka  Poland 1 1 3102 2018 POL
Akira Nishino  Japan 1 1 4112 2018 JPN
Juan Carlos Osorio  Colombia 1 1 4202 2018 MEX
Vladimir Petković  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Switzerland
1 1 4121 2018 SUI
Juan Antonio Pizzi  Argentina
 Spain
1 1 3102 2018 KSA
Óscar Ramírez  Costa Rica 1 1 3012 2018 CRC
Hervé Renard  France 1 1 3012 2018 MAR
Gernot Rohr  Germany 1 1 3102 2018 NGA
Shin Tae-yong  South Korea 1 1 3102 2018 KOR
Gareth Southgate  England 1 1 7313 2018 ENG
Tite  Brazil 1 1 5311 2018 BRA

Notes

  1. In fact all managers in the entire histories of these two teams have hailed from the respective country; see List of Brazil national football team managers and Germany national football team manager.
  2. Although Serbia and Montenegro was represented at the 2006 World Cup, the country had ceased to exist a few days before the start of the tournament as its two constituent republics had become independent states, so Ratomir Dujković and Ilija Petković were legally Serbians at the time.
  3. Rappan was Austrian, but Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany at the time of the 1938 World Cup.
  4. In 1998, Cha Bum-kun was sacked as South Korea manager after two matches, and was replaced by Kim Pyung-seok for the remaining match.[11]
  5. In 1954, Andy Beattie quit as Scotland manager after the first match, and was replaced by a selection committee for the remaining match.
  6. In 1958, Dawson Walker was officially only an acting manager of Scotland. The official manager Matt Busby was seriously injured after the Munich air disaster earlier that year.[12]
  7. In 1998, Carlos Alberto Parreira was sacked as Saudi Arabia manager after two matches, and was replaced by Mohammed Al-Kharashy for the remaining match.[13]
  8. In 1998, Henryk Kasperczak was sacked as Tunisia manager after two matches, and was replaced by Ali Selmi for the remaining match.[14]
  9. In 1934, Romania was co-managed by Josef Uridil and Constantin Rădulescu.[15]
  10. In 1938, Romania was co-managed by Alexandru Săvulescu and Constantin Rădulescu.[16]
  11. In 2002, Sweden was co-managed by Lars Lagerbäck and Tommy Söderberg.[17]
  12. In 1930, Argentina was co-managed by Francisco Olazar and Juan José Tramutola.[18]
  13. In 1938, Hungary was co-managed by Károly Dietz and Alfréd Schaffer.[19]
  14. In 1962, Italy was co-managed by Paolo Mazza and Giovanni Ferrari.[20]
  15. In 1962, Yugoslavia was co-managed by Ljubomir Lovrić, Prvoslav Mihajlović and Hugo Ruševljanin.[21]
  16. In 1982, Algeria was co-managed by Mahieddine Khalef and Rachid Mekhloufi.[22]
  17. In 1982, Austria was co-managed by Felix Latzke and Georg Schmidt.[23]

References

  1. "Brazil will never choose a foreign coach, says Parreira". Gulf Times. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  2. "5 days to go". FIFA. 7 June 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  3. "Helmut Schön, de laatste voetbalkampioen van Nazi-Duitsland". HP/De Tijd. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  4. "Vittorio Pozzo and the two World Cups". Special Broadcasting Service. 8 June 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  5. "Deschamps joins Zagallo, Beckenbauer as champ player, coach". USA Today. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  6. Ian Palmer (19 March 2018). "The 12 Most Unbreakable World Cup Records". sportsbreak.com. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  7. "Tabárez ficará perto de quebrar recorde de técnico mais velho das Copas". esportefera.com.br. 10 June 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  8. "2018 FIFA World Cup- Serbia Profile". beIN Sports. 23 April 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  9. "Finke wins over Cameroon critics". Daily Nation. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  10. "Roberto Martínez, contra la maldición del entrenador extranjero". elpais.cr. 7 July 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  11. "[한국의 월드컵 도전사]⑥'도쿄대첩에서 오렌지 참사'까지…1998년 프랑스". The Chosun Ilbo. 25 April 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  12. "Remembering 1958: the only time all four Home Nations made it to the World Cup". thesefootballtimes.co. 29 May 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  13. "الصدفة تقود مدربي السعودية إلى المونديال". kooora.com. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  14. "بعد 20 عاماً..الأسطورة شكري الواعر يكشف الحقائق". Al-Araby Al-Jadeed. 7 June 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  15. Sorin Cealera (5 May 2014). "Istoria Campionatelor Mondiale de Fotbal, Italia 1934: echipa lui Vittorio Pozzo își croiește drum către finala de la Roma". reporterntv.ro. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  16. "Mondialul dinaintea războiului! Italia face "dubla". România, umilită de anonimi". fanatik.ro. 9 February 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  17. "Islands president? Han borde ju bli vår statsminister!". Aftonbladet. 28 June 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  18. Eduardo Moreno Tórtora (10 February 2006). "¡El Inmortal!". panamaamerica.com.pa. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  19. Tamás Hegyi, Gábor Thury (19 June 2013). "Mussolinin múlt az 1938-as magyar vb-arany?". Nemzeti Sport. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  20. "Storia dei Mondiali: dal 1962 al 1970 dalla Corea alla partita del Secolo". genoasamp.com. 7 June 2018. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  21. "FIFA Svetsko prvenstvo 1962. u Čileu". reprezentacija.rs. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  22. "الأسطورة رشيد مخلوفي.. حي يرزق". ennaharonline.com. 3 September 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
  23. "Weltmeisterschaft 1982: 24 Teams, Chaos bei der Auslosung und ein unrühmlicher Nichtangriffspakt". abseits.at. 8 June 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
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