List of natural satellites

The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 218 natural satellites, or moons. 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).

Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.

The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.

Moons by primary

Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale

Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.

The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019

Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.

Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.

Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has at least two co-orbitals: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA₂₉;[4] however, since they do not orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)

Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[5]

Jupiter has 79 moons with known orbits, of which 72 have received permanent designations; of these, 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 71 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.

Saturn has 82 moons with known orbits; 53 of them have names. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 58, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.

Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.

Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[6]

Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[7] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350±57.5 km,[8]

Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[9] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.

A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. 90482 Orcus was found to have a natural satellite, later named Vanth, in 2005.[10] 50000 Quaoar, 225088 Gonggong and 120347 Salacia all since been discovered to have moons.

As of August 2020, 309 asteroid moons and 119 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and Haumea) had been discovered.[11]

Summary – number of moons

Planet	Mercury	Venus	Earth	Mars	Jupiter	Saturn	Uranus	Neptune
Number of moons	0	0	1	2	79	82	27	14

(Possible) dwarf	Ceres	Orcus	Pluto	Salacia	Haumea	Quaoar	Make- make	Gonggong	Eris	Sedna
Number of moons	0	1	5	1	2	1	1	1	1	0

Minor planet
See list

List

This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. The 19 moons that are large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.

Satellites of planets				Satellites of dwarf planets
Satellite of Earth	Satellites of Jupiter	Satellites of Uranus		Satellites of Pluto	Satellite of Makemake
Satellites of Mars	Satellites of Saturn	Satellites of Neptune		Satellites of Haumea	Satellite of Eris

Image	Parent	Numeral	Name	Mean radius (km)	Semi-major axis (km)	Sidereal period (d) (r = retrograde)	Discovery year	Discovered by	Notes	Ref(s)
	Earth	I (1)	Moon	1,737.1	384,399	27.321582	Prehistoric	—	Synchronous rotation	[12]
	Mars	I (1)	Phobos	11.1±0.15	9,380	0.319	1877	Hall		[13][14][15]
	Mars	II (2)	Deimos	6.2±0.18	23,460	1.262	1877	Hall		[13][14][15]
	Jupiter	I (1)	Io	1,818.1±0.1	421,800	1.769	1610	Galileo	Main-group moon (Galilean)	[15][16]
	Jupiter	II (2)	Europa	1560.7±0.7	671,100	3.551	1610	Galileo	Main-group moon (Galilean)	[15][16]
	Jupiter	III (3)	Ganymede	2,634.1±0.3	1,070,400	7.155	1610	Galileo	Main-group moon (Galilean)	[15][16]
	Jupiter	IV (4)	Callisto	2,408.4±0.3	1,882,700	16.69	1610	Galileo	Main-group moon (Galilean)	[15][16]
	Jupiter	V (5)	Amalthea	83.5±2	181,400	0.498	1892	Barnard	Inner moon (Amalthea)	[14][15][17]
	Jupiter	VI (6)	Himalia	67±10[18]	11,461,000	250.56	1904	Perrine	Prograde irregular (Himalia)	[14][15][19]
	Jupiter	VII (7)	Elara	43	11,741,000	259.64	1905	Perrine	Prograde irregular (Himalia)	[14][15][20]
	Jupiter	VIII (8)	Pasiphae	30	23,624,000	743.63 (r)	1908	Melotte	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15][21]
	Jupiter	IX (9)	Sinope	19	23,939,000	758.90 (r)	1914	Nicholson	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15][22]
	Jupiter	X (10)	Lysithea	18	11,717,000	259.20	1938	Nicholson	Prograde irregular (Himalia)	[14][15][23]
	Jupiter	XI (11)	Carme	23	23,404,000	734.17 (r)	1938	Nicholson	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][23]
	Jupiter	XII (12)	Ananke	14	21,276,000	629.77 (r)	1951	Nicholson	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][24]
	Jupiter	XIII (13)	Leda	10	11,165,000	240.92	1974	Kowal	Prograde irregular (Himalia)	[14][15][25]
	Jupiter	XIV (14)	Thebe	49.3±2.0	221,900	0.675	1979	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner moon (Amalthea)	[14][15][26]
	Jupiter	XV (15)	Adrastea	8.2±2.0	129,000	0.298	1979	Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1)	Inner moon (Amalthea)	[14][15][27]
	Jupiter	XVI (16)	Metis	21.5±2.0	128,000	0.295	1979	Synnott (Voyager 1)	Inner moon (Amalthea)	[14][15][28]
	Jupiter	XVII (17)	Callirrhoe	4.3	24,103,000	758.77 (r)	2000	Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15][29]
	Jupiter	XVIII (18)	Themisto	4	7,284,000	130.02	1975/2000	Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery)	Prograde irregular (Themisto)	[14][15][30][31]
	Jupiter	XIX (19)	Megaclite	2.7	23,493,000	752.86 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XX (20)	Taygete	2.5	23,280,000	732.41 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXI (21)	Chaldene	1.9	23,100,000	723.72 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXII (22)	Harpalyke	2.2	20,858,000	623.32 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXIII (23)	Kalyke	2.6	23,483,000	742.06 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXIV (24)	Iocaste	2.6	21,060,000	631.60 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXV (25)	Erinome	1.6	23,196,000	728.46 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXVI (26)	Isonoe	1.9	23,155,000	726.23 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXVII (27)	Praxidike	3.4	20,908,000	625.39 (r)	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][32]
	Jupiter	XXVIII (28)	Autonoe	2	24,046,000	760.95 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)
	Jupiter	XXIX (29)	Thyone	2	20,939,000	627.21 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXX (30)	Hermippe	2	21,131,000	633.9 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXI (31)	Aitne	1.5	23,229,000	730.18 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXII (32)	Eurydome	1.5	22,865,000	717.33 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXIII (33)	Euanthe	1.5	20,797,000	620.49 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXIV (34)	Euporie	1	19,304,000	550.74 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXV (35)	Orthosie	1	20,720,000	622.56 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXVI (36)	Sponde	1	23,487,000	748.34 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXVII (37)	Kale	1	23,217,000	729.47 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXVIII (38)	Pasithee	1	23,004,000	719.44 (r)	2001	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XXXIX (39)	Hegemone	1.5	23,577,000	739.88 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XL (40)	Mneme	1	21,035,000	620.04 (r)	2003	Gladman, Allen	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLI (41)	Aoede	2	23,980,000	761.50 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLII (42)	Thelxinoe	1	21,164,000	628.09 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLIII (43)	Arche	1.5	23,355,000	731.95 (r)	2002	Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15][33]
	Jupiter	XLIV (44)	Kallichore	1	23,288,000	728.73 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLV (45)	Helike	2	21,069,000	626.32 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLVI (46)	Carpo	1.5	17,058,000	456.30	2003	Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna	Prograde irregular (Carpo)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLVII (47)	Eukelade	2	23,328,000	730.47 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLVIII (48)	Cyllene	1	23,809,000	752 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	XLIX (49)	Kore	1	24,543,000	779.17 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	L (50)	Herse	1	22,983,000	714.51 (r)	2003	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	LI (51)	S/2010 J 1	1	23,314,300	723.2 (r)	2010	Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, Alexandersen	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	LII (52)	S/2010 J 2	0.5	20,307,200	588.1 (r)	2010	Veillet	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LIII (53)	Dia	2	12,118,000	287.0	2000	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Prograde irregular (Himalia)	[34]
	Jupiter	LIV (54)	S/2016 J 1	3	20,595,500	602.7 (r)	2016	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LV (55)	S/2003 J 18	1	20,274,000	588.0 (r)	2003	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LVI (56)	S/2011 J 2	0.5	23,329,700	726.8 (r)	2011	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[34]
	Jupiter	LVII (57)	Eirene	2	23,731,800	759.7 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	LVIII (58)	Philophrosyne	1	22,820,000	701.3 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[34]
	Jupiter	LIX (59)	S/2017 J 1	2	23,484,000	734.2 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[34]
	Jupiter	LX (60)	Eupheme	1	21,199,710	627.8 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXI (61)	S/2003 J 19	1	22,757,000	697.6 (r)	2003	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXII (62)	Valetudo	0.5	18,928,100	532.0	2016	Sheppard	Prograde irregular (Valetudo)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXIII (63)	S/2017 J 2	1	23,241,000	723.8 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXIV (64)	S/2017 J 3	1	20,639,300	605.8 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXV (65)	Pandia	1	11,494,800	251.8 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Prograde irregular (Himalia)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXVI (66)	S/2017 J 5	1	23,169,400	720.5 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXVII (67)	S/2017 J 6	1	22,394,700	684.7 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXVIII (68)	S/2017 J 7	1	20,571,500	602.8 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXIX (69)	S/2017 J 8	0.5	23,174,400	720.7 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXX (70)	S/2017 J 9	1	21,430,000	640.9 (r)	2017	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXXI (71)	Ersa	1.5	11,453,000	250.4 (r)	2018	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Himalia)	[34]
	Jupiter	LXXII (72)	S/2011 J 1	0.5	20,155,300	580.7 (r)	2011	Sheppard	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[34]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 16	1	20,512,500	600.18 (r)	2003	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][35]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 9	0.5	24,168,700	767.6 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Carme)	[14][36]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 2	1	20,554,400	602.02 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 4	1	22,048,600	668.85 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 10	1	23,008,000	713.05 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Carme?)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 12	0.5	21,557,700	646.64 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Ananke)	[14][15]
	Jupiter	—	S/2003 J 23	1	24,678,100	792.00 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández	Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)	[14][15]
	Saturn	I (1)	Mimas	198.2±0.4	185,540	0.942	1789	Herschel	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Saturn	II (2)	Enceladus	252.3±0.6	238,040	1.370	1789	Herschel	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Saturn	III (3)	Tethys	536.3±1.5	294,670	1.888	1684	Cassini	Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)	[14][15]
	Saturn	IV (4)	Dione	562.5±1.5	377,420	2.737	1684	Cassini	Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)	[14][15]
	Saturn	V (5)	Rhea	764.5±2.0	527,070	4.518	1672	Cassini	Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)	[14][15]
	Saturn	VI (6)	Titan	2,575.5±2.0	1,221,870	15.95	1655	Huygens	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Saturn	VII (7)	Hyperion	138.6	1,500,880	21.28	1848	W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Saturn	VIII (8)	Iapetus	734.5±4.0	3,560,840	79.33	1671	Cassini	Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)	[14][15]
	Saturn	IX (9)	Phoebe	106.6±1.1	12,947,780	550.31 (r)	1899	Pickering	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	X (10)	Janus	90.4±3.0	151,460	0.695	1966	Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed)	Inner moon (co-orbital)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XI (11)	Epimetheus	58.3±3.1	151,410	0.694	1966	Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed)	Inner moon (co-orbital)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XII (12)	Helene	16±4	377,420	2.737	1980	Laques, Lecacheux	Main-group trojan	[14][15]
	Saturn	XIII (13)	Telesto	12±3	294,710	1.888	1980	Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1)	Main-group trojan	[14][15]
	Saturn	XIV (14)	Calypso	9.5±1.5	294,710	1.888	1980	Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie	Main-group trojan	[14][15]
	Saturn	XV (15)	Atlas	15.3±1.2	137,670	0.602	1980	Terrile (Voyager 1)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XVI (16)	Prometheus	46.8±5.6	139,380	0.613	1980	Collins (Voyager 1)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XVII (17)	Pandora	40.6±4.5	141,720	0.629	1980	Collins (Voyager 1)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XVIII (18)	Pan	12.8	133,580	0.575	1990	Showalter (Voyager 2)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XIX (19)	Ymir	9	23,140,400	1,315.58 (r)	2000	Gladman	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XX (20)	Paaliaq	11	15,200,000	686.95	2000	Gladman	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXI (21)	Tarvos	7.5	17,983,000	926.23	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Prograde irregular (Gallic)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXII (22)	Ijiraq	6	11,124,000	451.42	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXIII (23)	Suttungr	3.5	19,459,000	1,016.67 (r)	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXIV (24)	Kiviuq	8	11,110,000	449.22	2000	Gladman	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXV (25)	Mundilfari	3.5	18,628,000	952.77 (r)	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXVI (26)	Albiorix	16	16,182,000	783.45	2000	Holman, Spahr	Prograde irregular (Gallic)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXVII (27)	Skathi	4	15,540,000	728.20 (r)	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXVIII (28)	Erriapus	5	17,343,000	871.19	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Prograde irregular (Gallic)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXIX (29)	Siarnaq	20	18,015,400	896.44	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXX (30)	Thrymr	3.5	20,314,000	1,094.11 (r)	2000	Gladman, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXXI (31)	Narvi	3.5	19,007,000	1,003.86 (r)	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXXII (32)	Methone	1.6	194,440	1.010	2004	Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens)	Alkyonide moon	[15]
	Saturn	XXXIII (33)	Pallene	2	212,280	1.154	2004	Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens)	Alkyonide moon	[15]
	Saturn	XXXIV (34)	Polydeuces	1.25	377,200	2.737	2004	Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)	Main-group trojan	[15]
	Saturn	XXXV (35)	Daphnis	3.8±0.8	136,500	0.594	2005	Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[15]
	Saturn	XXXVI (36)	Aegir	3	20,751,000	1,117.52 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXXVII (37)	Bebhionn	3	17,119,000	834.84	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Prograde irregular (Gallic)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXXVIII (38)	Bergelmir	3	19,336,000	1,005.74 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XXXIX (39)	Bestla	3.5	20,192,000	1,088.72 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XL (40)	Farbauti	2.5	20,377,000	1,085.55 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XLI (41)	Fenrir	2	22,454,000	1,260.35 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XLII (42)	Fornjot	3	25,146,000	1,494.2 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XLIII (43)	Hati	3	19,846,000	1,038.61 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[14][15]
	Saturn	XLIV (44)	Hyrrokkin	4	18,437,000	931.86 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	XLV (45)	Kari	3.5	22,089,000	1,230.97 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	XLVI (46)	Loge	3	23,058,000	1,311.36 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	XLVII (47)	Skoll	3	17,665,000	878.29 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	XLVIII (48)	Surtur	3	22,704,000	1,297.36 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	XLIX (49)	Anthe	1	197,700	1.0365	2007	Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)	Alkyonide moon	[37]
	Saturn	L (50)	Jarnsaxa	3	18,811,000	964.74 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	LI (51)	Greip	3	18,206,000	921.19 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse)	[15]
	Saturn	LII (52)	Tarqeq	3.5	18,009,000	887.48	2007	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[15]
	Saturn	LIII (53)	Aegaeon	0.33	167,500	0.808	2008	Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens	G-ring moonlet	[38][39]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 7	3	20,999,000	1,140.24 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[14][15]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 12	2.5	19,878,000	1,046.19 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[14][15]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 13	3	18,404,000	933.48 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[14][15]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 17	2	19,447,000	1,014.70 (r)	2004	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[14][15]
	Saturn	—	S/2006 S 1	3	18,790,000	963.37 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[15]
	Saturn	—	S/2006 S 3	3	22,096,000	1,227.21 (r)	2006	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[15]
	Saturn	—	S/2007 S 2	3	16,725,000	808.08 (r)	2007	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[15]
	Saturn	—	S/2007 S 3	3	18,975,000	977.8 (r)	2007	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[15]
	Saturn	—	S/2009 S 1	0.15	117,000	0.471	2009	Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens	B-ring moonlet	[40]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 20	3	19,418,000	1,010.55 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[41]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 21	3	22,645,000	1,272.61 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[42]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 22	3	20,636,000	1,107.13 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[43]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 23	4	21,163,000	1,149.82 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[44]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 24	3	22,901,000	1,294.25	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Prograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic?)	[45]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 25	4	21,174,000	1,150.69 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[46]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 26	4	26,676,000	1,627.18 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[47]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 27	6	19,976,000	1,054.45 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, Jacobson	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[48]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 28	4	22,020,000	1,220.31 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[49]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 29	4	16,981,000	826.44	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[50]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 30	3	20,396,000	1,087.84 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[51]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 31	4	17,568,000	869.65	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Prograde irregular (Inuit)	[52]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 32	4	21,214,000	1,153.96 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[53]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 33	4	24,168,000	1,403.18 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[54]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 34	3	24,299,000	1,414.59 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[55]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 35	6	22,412,000	1,253.08 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[56]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 36	3	23,192,000	1,319.07 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[57]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 37	4	15,892,000	748.18 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[58]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 38	4	21,908,000	1,211.02 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[59]
	Saturn	—	S/2004 S 39	3	23,575,000	1,351.83 (r)	2019	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna	Retrograde irregular (Norse?)	[60]
	Uranus	I (1)	Ariel	578.9±0.6	190,900	2.520	1851	Lassell	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	II (2)	Umbriel	584.7±2.8	266,000	4.144	1851	Lassell	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	III (3)	Titania	788.9±1.8	436,300	8.706	1787	Herschel	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	IV (4)	Oberon	761.4±2.6	583,500	13.46	1787	Herschel	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	V (5)	Miranda	235.8±0.7	129,900	1.413	1948	Kuiper	Main-group moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	VI (6)	Cordelia	20.1±3	49,800	0.335	1986	Terrile (Voyager 2)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[14][15]
	Uranus	VII (7)	Ophelia	21.4±4	53,800	0.376	1986	Terrile (Voyager 2)	Inner moon (shepherd)	[14][15]
	Uranus	VIII (8)	Bianca	25.7±2	59,200	0.435	1986	Smith (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	IX (9)	Cressida	39.8±2	61,800	0.464	1986	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	X (10)	Desdemona	32±4	62,700	0.474	1986	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	XI (11)	Juliet	46.8±4	64,400	0.493	1986	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	XII (12)	Portia	67.6±4.0	66,100	0.513	1986	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	XIII (13)	Rosalind	36±6	69,900	0.558	1986	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	XIV (14)	Belinda	40.3±8	75,300	0.624	1986	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	XV (15)	Puck	81±2	86,000	0.762	1985	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Uranus	XVI (16)	Caliban	21	7,231,100	579.73 (r)	1997	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular	[61][15]
	Uranus	XVII (17)	Sycorax	78.5	12,179,400	1,288.38 (r)	1997	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular	[61][15]
	Uranus	XVIII (18)	Prospero	25	16,256,000	1,978.29 (r)	1999	Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XIX (19)	Setebos	24	17,418,000	2,225.21 (r)	1999	Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XX (20)	Stephano	10	8,004,000	677.36 (r)	1999	Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XXI (21)	Trinculo	9	8,504,000	749.24 (r)	2001	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XXII (22)	Francisco	6	4,276,000	266.56 (r)	2001	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XXIII (23)	Margaret	5.5	14,345,000	1,687.01	2003	Sheppard, Jewitt	Prograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XXIV (24)	Ferdinand	6	20,901,000	2,887.21 (r)	2001	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al.	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Uranus	XXV (25)	Perdita	15	76,417	0.638	1999	Karkoschka (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[15]
	Uranus	XXVI (26)	Mab	6	97,736	0.923	2003	Showalter, Lissauer	Inner moon	[15]
	Uranus	XXVII (27)	Cupid	9	74,392	0.613	2003	Showalter, Lissauer	Inner moon	[15]
	Neptune	I (1)	Triton	1,353.4±0.9	354,800	5.877 (r)	1846	Lassell	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Neptune	II (2)	Nereid	178.5±6.5	5,513,820	360.14	1949	Kuiper	Prograde irregular	[62][15]
	Neptune	III (3)	Naiad	33±3	48,224	0.294	1989	Terrile (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Neptune	IV (4)	Thalassa	41±3	50,075	0.311	1989	Terrile (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Neptune	V (5)	Despina	75±3	52,526	0.335	1989	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Neptune	VI (6)	Galatea	88±4	61,953	0.429	1989	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Neptune	VII (7)	Larissa	97±3	73,548	0.555	1981	Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Neptune	VIII (8)	Proteus	210±7	117,647	1.122	1989	Synnott (Voyager 2)	Inner moon	[14][15]
	Neptune	IX (9)	Halimede	31	15,728,000	1,879.71 (r)	2002	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Neptune	X (10)	Psamathe	20	46,695,000	9,115.91 (r)	2003	Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Neptune	XI (11)	Sao	22	22,422,000	2,914.07	2002	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic	Prograde irregular	[14][15]
	Neptune	XII (12)	Laomedeia	21	23,571,000	3,167.85	2002	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic	Prograde irregular	[14][15]
	Neptune	XIII (13)	Neso	30	48,387,000	9,373.99 (r)	2002	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic	Retrograde irregular	[14][15]
	Neptune	XIV (14)	Hippocamp	17.4	105,283	0.9362	2013	Showalter et al.	Inner moon	[63]
	Orcus	I (1)	Vanth	221±5	9,000±9	9.539	2005	Brown & Suer	Synchronous rotation	[64]
	Pluto	I (1)	Charon	606±0.5	19,591	6.387	1978	Christy	Synchronous rotation	[14][15]
	Pluto	II (2)	Nix	19.3	48,671	24.85	2005	Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.	Chaotic rotation	[14][15]
	Pluto	III (3)	Hydra	19.5	64,698	38.20	2005	Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.	Chaotic rotation	[14][15]
	Pluto	IV (4)	Kerberos	6.3	57,729	32.17	2011	Showalter (Hubble)	Chaotic rotation	[14][15][65][66]
	Pluto	V (5)	Styx	5.5	42,393	20.16	2012	Showalter (Hubble)	Chaotic rotation	[14][15][67]
	Salacia	I (1)	Actaea	142±5	5,724±27	5.494	2006	Noll et al.		[64]
	Haumea	I (1)	Hiʻiaka	~160	49,880	49.12	2005	Brown et al.		[9][68][69]
	Haumea	II (2)	Namaka	~85	25,657	18.2783	2005	Brown et al.		[9][68][69]
	Quaoar	I (1)	Weywot	~85	14,500±800	12.438	2007	Brown		[70]
	Makemake	I (1)	S/2015 (136472) 1	~87.5	>21,000	>12.4	2016	Parker et al.		[71][72]
	Gonggong	I (1)	Xiangliu	< 50	24,020±200	25.221	2010	Marton, Kiss & Müller	assuming a prograde orbit	[73]
	Eris	I (1)	Dysnomia	350±60[8]	37,273±64	15.786	2005	Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al.	SDO moon	[74]

See also

• List of black holes
• List of dwarf planets
• List of galaxies
• List of IAU designated constellations
• List of largest cosmic structures
• List of multiplanetary systems
• List of Solar System objects by size
• List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun in 2015
• Lists of astronomical objects
• Lists of black holes
• Lists of exoplanets
• Lists of galaxies
• Lists of stars
• Lists of stars by constellation

References

• Media related to Natural satellites at Wikimedia Commons

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