List of Solar System objects by size
This is a partial list of Solar System objects by size, arranged in descending order of mean volumetric radius, and divided into several size classes. These lists can also be sorted according to an object's mass and, for the largest objects, volume, density and surface gravity, insofar as these values are available. This list contains the Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, many of the larger small Solar System bodies (which includes the asteroids), all named natural satellites, and a number of smaller objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects.
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Objects on this list are ordered by mean radius rather than mass; thus, objects on the lower portions of the table can be more massive than objects higher on the list if they have a higher density.
Many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) have been discovered; in many cases their positions in this list are approximate, as there is frequently a large uncertainty in their estimated diameters.
Solar System objects more massive than 1021 kilograms (one yottagram [Yg]) are known or expected to be approximately spherical. Astronomical bodies relax into rounded shapes (ellipsoids), achieving hydrostatic equilibrium, when their own gravity is sufficient to overcome the structural strength of their material. It was believed that the cutoff for round objects is somewhere between 100 km and 200 km in radius if they have a large amount of ice in their makeup;[1] however, later studies revealed that icy satellites as large as Iapetus (1,470 kilometers in diameter) are not in hydrostatic equilibrium at this time,[2] and a 2019 assessment suggests that many TNOs in the size range of 400-1000 kilometers may not even be fully solid bodies, much less gravitationally rounded.[3] Objects that are ellipsoids due to their own gravity are here generally referred to as being "round", whether or not they are actually in equilibrium today, while objects that are clearly not ellipsoidal are referred to as being "irregular".
Spheroidal bodies typically have some polar flattening due to the centrifugal force from their rotation, and can sometimes even have quite different equatorial diameters (scalene ellipsoids such as Haumea). Unlike bodies such as Haumea, the irregular bodies have a significantly non-ellipsoidal profile, often with sharp edges.
There can be difficulty in determining the diameter (within a factor of about 2) for typical objects beyond Saturn. (See 2060 Chiron as an example.) For TNOs there is some confidence in the diameters, but for non-binary TNOs there is no real confidence in the masses/densities. Many TNOs are often just assumed to have Pluto's density of 2.0 g/cm3, but it is just as likely that they have a comet-like density of only 0.5 g/cm3.[4] For example, if a TNO is incorrectly assumed to have a mass of 3.59×1020 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm3 but is later discovered to have a radius of only 175 km with a density of 0.5 g/cm3, its true mass would be only 1.12×1019 kg.
The sizes and masses of many of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn are fairly well known due to numerous observations and interactions of the Galileo and Cassini orbiters; however, many of the moons with a radius less than ~100 km, such as Jupiter's Himalia, have far less certain masses.[5] Further out from Saturn, the sizes and masses of objects are less clear. There has not yet been an orbiter around Uranus or Neptune for long-term study of their moons. For the small outer irregular moons of Uranus, such as Sycorax, which were not discovered by the Voyager 2 flyby, even different NASA web pages, such as the National Space Science Data Center[6] and JPL Solar System Dynamics,[5] give somewhat contradictory size and albedo estimates depending on which research paper is being cited.
There are uncertainties in the figures for mass and radius, and irregularities in the shape and density, with accuracy often depending on how close the object is to Earth or whether it has been visited by a probe.
Graphical overview
- Relative masses of the bodies of the Solar System. Objects smaller than Saturn are not visible at this scale.
List of objects by mean radius
Larger than 400 km
It was once expected that any icy body larger than approximately 200 km in radius was likely to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (HE).[7] However, Ceres (r = 470 km) is the smallest body for which detailed measurements are consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium,[8] whereas Iapetus (r = 735 km) is the largest icy body that has been found to not be in hydrostatic equilibrium.[9]
For simplicity and comparative purposes, the values are manually calculated assuming a sphericity of 1. The size of solid bodies does not include an object's atmosphere. For example, Titan looks bigger than Ganymede, but its solid body is smaller. For the giant planets, the "radius" is defined as the distance from the center at which the atmosphere reaches 1 bar of atmospheric pressure.[10]
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] | Volume | Mass | Density | Gravity[note 3] | Type | # (R/M) [note 4] |
Discovery | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(km) | (R⊕) | (109 km3) | (V⊕) | (1021 kg) | (M⊕) | (g/cm3) | (m/s2) | (⊕) | ||||||
Sun | 695508 ± ?[11] | 109.2[11] | 1,409,300,000[11] | 1,301,000[11] | 1989100000[11] | 333,000[11] | 1.409[11] | 274.0[11] | 27.94[11] | G2V-class star | 1 | - | ||
Jupiter | 69911±6[12] | 10.97 | 1,431,280 | 1,321 | 1898187±88[12] | 317.83 | 1.3262±0.0003[12] | 24.79[12] | 2.528 | gas giant planet; has rings | 2 | - | ||
Saturn | 58232±6[12] (136775 for main rings) |
9.140 | 827,130 | 764 | 568317±13[12] | 95.162 | 0.6871±0.0002[12] | 10.44[12] | 1.065 | gas giant planet; has rings | 3 | - | ||
Uranus | 25362±7[12] | 3.981 | 68,340 | 63.1 | 86813±4[12] | 14.536 | 1.270±0.001[12] | 8.87[12] | 0.886 | ice giant planet; has rings | 4/5 | 1781 | ||
Neptune | 24622±19[12] | 3.865 | 62,540 | 57.7 | 102413±5[12] | 17.147 | 1.638±0.004[12] | 11.15[12] | 1.137 | ice giant planet; has rings | 5/4 | 1846 | ||
Earth | 6371.0084±0.0001[12] | 1 | 1,083.21 | 1 | 5972.4±0.3[12] | 1 | 5.5136±0.0003[12] | 9.80[12] | 1 | terrestrial planet | 6 | - | ||
Venus | 6052±1[12] | 0.9499 | 928.43 | 0.857 | 4867.5±0.2[12] | 0.815 | 5.243±0.003[12] | 8.87[12] | 0.905 | terrestrial planet | 7 | - | ||
Mars | 3389.5±0.2[12] | 0.5320 | 163.18 | 0.151 | 641.71±0.03[12] | 0.107 | 3.9341±0.0007[12] | 3.71[12] | 0.379 | terrestrial planet | 8 | - | ||
Ganymede Jupiter III |
2634.1±0.3 | 0.4135 | 76.30 | 0.0704 | 148.2 | 0.0248 | 1.936 | 1.428 | 0.146 | moon of Jupiter (icy) | 9/10 | 1610 | ||
Titan Saturn VI |
2574.73±0.09[lower-alpha 1] | 0.4037[lower-alpha 1] | 71.50 | 0.0658 | 134.5 | 0.0225 | 1.8798 ± 0.0044 | 1.354 | 0.138 | moon of Saturn (icy) | 10/11 | 1655 | ||
Mercury | 2439.4±0.1[12] | 0.3829 | 60.83 | 0.0562 | 330.11±0.02[12] | 0.0553 | 5.4291±0.007[12] | 3.70[12] | 0.377 | terrestrial planet | 11/9 | - | ||
Callisto Jupiter IV |
2410.3±1.5 | 0.3783 | 58.65 | 0.0541 | 107.6 | 0.018 | 1.8344 ± 0.0034 | 1.23603 | 0.126 | moon of Jupiter (icy) | 12 | 1610 | ||
Io Jupiter I |
1821.6±0.5 | 0.2859 | 25.32 | 0.0234 | 89.32 | 0.015 | 3.528 ± 0.006 | 1.797 | 0.183 | moon of Jupiter (terrestrial) | 13 | 1610 | ||
Moon (Luna) Earth I |
1737.5±0.1[13] | 0.2727 | 21.958 | 0.0203 | 73.46[14] | 0.0123 | 3.344±0.005[13] | 1.625 | 0.166 | moon of Earth (terrestrial) | 14 | - | ||
Europa Jupiter II |
1560.8±0.5 | 0.2450 | 15.93 | 0.0147 | 48.00 | 0.008035 | 3.013 ± 0.005 | 1.316 | 0.134 | moon of Jupiter (terrestrial) | 15 | 1610 | ||
Triton Neptune I |
1353.4±0.9[lower-alpha 1] | 0.2124[lower-alpha 1] | 10.38 | 0.0096 | 21.39±0.03 | 0.003599 | 2.061 | 0.782 | 0.0797 | moon of Neptune (icy) | 16 | 1846 | ||
Pluto 134340 |
1188.3±0.8 | 0.187 | 7.057 | 0.00651 | 13.03±0.03 | 0.0022 | 1.854 ± 0.006 | 0.620 | 0.063 | dwarf planet; plutino; multiple | 17/18 | 1930 | ||
Eris 136199 |
1163±6[lower-alpha 2][15] | 0.1825[lower-alpha 2] | 6.59 | 0.0061 | 16.6±0.2[16] | 0.0028 | 2.52±0.07 | 0.824 | 0.083 | dwarf planet; SDO; binary | 18/17 | 2003 | ||
Titania Uranus III |
788.4±0.6[lower-alpha 3] | 0.1237[lower-alpha 3] | 2.06 | 0.0019 | 3.40±0.06 | 0.00059 | 1.711 ± 0.005 | 0.378 | 0.0385 | moon of Uranus | 19–20/20 | 1787 | ||
Haumea 136108 |
760±40 (≈ 780 best fit)[17][lower-alpha 4] |
0.12 | 1.98[lower-alpha 5] | 0.0018 | 4.01±0.04[18] | 0.00066 | 2.018[17][lower-alpha 4] | 0.401 | 0.0409 | dwarf planet?; resonant KBO (7:12); trinary; has rings |
19–24/19 | 2004 | ||
Rhea Saturn V |
763.8±1.0[lower-alpha 3] | 0.1199[lower-alpha 3] | 1.87 | 0.0017 | 2.307 | 0.00039 | 1.236 ± 0.005 | 0.26 | 0.027 | moon of Saturn | 20–22/23 | 1672 | ||
Oberon Uranus IV |
761.4±2.6[lower-alpha 1] | 0.1195[lower-alpha 1] | 1.85 | 0.0017 | 3.08±0.09 | 0.0005 | 1.63 ± 0.05 | 0.347 | 0.035 | moon of Uranus | 20–22/21–22 | 1787 | ||
Iapetus Saturn VIII |
734.5±2.8 | 0.1153 | 1.66 | 0.0015 | 1.806 | 0.00033 | 1.088 ± 0.013 | 0.223 | 0.0227 | moon of Saturn | 22–24/24–25 | 1671 | ||
Makemake 136472 |
715+19 −11[19] |
0.112 | 1.53 | 0.0014 | ≈ 3.1 | 0.00053 | 1.95 | 0.57 | 0.0581 | dwarf planet?; cubewano | 22–24/21–22 | 2005 | ||
Gonggong 225088 |
615±25[20] | 0.0983 | 1.03 | 0.0009 | 1.75±0.07 | 0.00029 | 1.72 ± 0.16 | 0.3 | 0.0306 | dwarf planet?; resonant SDO (3:10) | 25–27/24–25 | 2007 | ||
Charon Pluto I |
606±0.5 | 0.0951 | 0.932 | 0.0009 | 1.586±0.015 | 0.00025 | 1.702 ± 0.021 | 0.288 | 0.0294 | moon of Pluto | 25–26/? | 1978 | ||
Umbriel Uranus II |
584.7±2.8 | 0.0918 | 0.837 | 0.0008 | 1.28±0.03 | 0.00020 | 1.39 ± 0.16 | 0.234 | 0.024 | moon of Uranus | 26–27/? | 1851 | ||
Ariel Uranus I |
578.9±0.6 | 0.0909 | 0.813 | 0.0007 | 1.25±0.02 | 0.000226 | 1.66 ± 0.15 | 0.269 | 0.027 | moon of Uranus | 28/? | 1851 | ||
Dione Saturn IV |
561.4±0.4 | 0.0881 | 0.741 | 0.0007 | 1.095 | 0.000183 | 1.478 ± 0.003 | 0.232 | 0.0237 | moon of Saturn | 29–30/? | 1684 | ||
Quaoar 50000 |
560.5±0.6 | 0.0879 | 0.737 | 0.0007 | 1.4±0.2 | 0.0002 | 1.99 ± 0.46[21] | 0.3 | 0.0306 | cubewano; binary | 29–30/? | 2002 | ||
Tethys Saturn III |
531.1±0.6 | 0.0834 | 0.624 | 0.0006 | 0.617 | 0.000103 | 0.984 ± 0.003[22] | 0.145 | 0.015 | moon of Saturn | 31–32/? | 1684 | ||
Sedna 90377 |
498±40 | 0.0785 | 0.516 | 0.0005 | ? | sednoid; detached object | ? | 2003 | ||||||
Ceres 1 |
469.7±0.1[23] | 0.0742 | 0.433 | 0.0004 | 0.938[24] | 0.000157 | 2.17 | 0.28 | 0.029 | dwarf planet; belt asteroid | ? | 1801 | ||
Orcus 90482 |
458±13 | 0.0719 | 0.404 | 0.0004 | 0.61±0.04 | 0.0001 | 1.53 ± 0.14 | 0.2 | 0.0204 | plutino; binary | ? | 2004 | ||
Salacia 120347 |
423±11 | 0.0664 | 0.3729 | 0.0003 | 0.492±0.007[25] | 0.000082 | 1.5 ± 0.12[25] | 0.165 | 0.0168 | cubewano; binary | ? | 2004 | ||
From 200 to 399 km
All imaged icy moons with radii greater than 200 km except Proteus are clearly round, although those under 400 km that have had their shapes carefully measured are not in hydrostatic equilibrium.[26] The known densities of TNOs in this size range are remarkably low (1–1.2 g/cm3), implying that the objects retain significant internal porosity from their formation and were never gravitationally compressed into fully solid bodies.[27]
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass (1020 kg) |
Density (g/cm3) |
Type[note 5] | Refs[note 6] r · M | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 MS4 307261 |
390±6 | – | – | cubewano | [29] | ||||||||
2002 AW197 55565 |
384±19 | – | – | cubewano | [30] | ||||||||
Varda 174567 |
373±8 | ≈ 2.5 | 1.27+0.41 −0.44 |
cubewano; binary | [31] · [31] | ||||||||
2013 FY27 532037 |
370+45 −43 |
– | – | detached object; binary | [32] | ||||||||
2003 AZ84 208996 |
353±12 | – | 0.87±0.01 | plutino; possible binary | [33] | ||||||||
Dysnomia Eris I |
350±58 | – | – | moon of Eris | [34] | ||||||||
2004 GV9 90568 |
340±17 | – | – | cubewano | [35] | ||||||||
2005 RN43 145452 |
340+28 −37 |
– | – | cubewano | [35] | ||||||||
Varuna 20000 |
334+77 −43 |
≈ 1.6 | 0.99 | cubewano | [36] · [37] | ||||||||
2002 UX25 55637 |
332±15 | 1.25±0.03 | 0.82±0.11 | cubewano; binary | [38] · [39] | ||||||||
2012 VP113 | 325±175 | – | – | sednoid | [40] | ||||||||
Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà 229762 |
321±14 | 1.361±0.033 | 1.02±0.17 | SDO; binary | [41] · [27] | ||||||||
2014 UZ224 | 318+16 −20 |
– | – | SDO | [42] | ||||||||
2015 RR245 523794 |
≈ 313 | – | – | resonant KBO (2:9); binary | [43] | ||||||||
2008 OG19 470599 |
309.5+28 −56.5 |
– | 0.609±0.004 | SDO | [44] · [44] | ||||||||
Ixion 28978 |
308.5±10 | – | – | plutino | [45] | ||||||||
2007 JJ43 278361 |
305+85 −70 |
– | – | cubewano | [46] | ||||||||
Chaos 19521 |
300+70 −65 |
– | – | cubewano | [35] | ||||||||
2014 EZ51 523692 |
> 288 | – | – | SDO | [47] | ||||||||
2002 XW93 78799 |
283+36 −37 |
– | – | other TNO | [48] | ||||||||
2004 XR190 | ≈ 278 | – | – | SDO | [7] | ||||||||
2002 XV93 | 275+11 −12 |
– | – | plutino | [49] | ||||||||
2003 VS2 84922 |
274+15 −22 |
– | – | plutino | [50] | ||||||||
2003 UZ413 455502 |
≈ 268 | – | – | plutino | [7] | ||||||||
Vesta 4 |
262.7±0.1 | 2.59 | 3.46 | belt asteroid type V | [51] · [51] | ||||||||
2005 RM43 145451 |
262+48 −52 |
– | – | SDO | [52] | ||||||||
Pallas 2 |
256±3 | 2.04±0.03 | 2.89±0.08 | belt asteroid type B | [53] | ||||||||
2004 TY364 120348 |
256+19 −20 |
– | – | cubewano | [45] | ||||||||
Enceladus Saturn II |
252.1±0.2 | 1.08±0.001 | 1.609±0.005 | moon of Saturn | [54] · [55] | ||||||||
2002 TC302 84522 |
249.8 | – | – | resonant SDO (2:5) | [56] | ||||||||
2005 UQ513 202421 |
249+32 −38 |
– | – | cubewano | [30] | ||||||||
Miranda Uranus V |
235.8±0.7 | 0.659±0.075 | 1.2±0.15 | moon of Uranus | [57] · [58] | ||||||||
Dziewanna 471143 |
235+18 −5 |
– | – | SDO | [59] | ||||||||
2005 TB190 145480 |
232±31 | – | – | detached object | [34] | ||||||||
1999 DE9 26375 |
231±23 | – | – | resonant SDO (2:5) | [60] | ||||||||
2003 FY128 120132 |
230±11 | – | – | SDO | [34] | ||||||||
2002 VR128 84719 |
224+24 −22 |
– | – | plutino | [49] | ||||||||
Vanth Orcus I |
221.3±5.1 | ≈ 0.7 | ≈ 1.5 | moon of 90482 Orcus | [61] · [61] | ||||||||
Hygiea 10 |
217±7 | 0.832±0.08 | 1.944±0.25 | belt asteroid type C | [62] · [62] | ||||||||
2004 NT33 444030 |
212+44 −40 |
– | – | cubewano | [30] | ||||||||
Proteus Neptune VIII |
210±7 | 0.44 | ≈ 1.3 | moon of Neptune | [5] · [5] | ||||||||
2005 QU182 303775 |
208±37 | – | – | SDO | [34] | ||||||||
2002 KX14 119951 |
207.5±0.5 | – | – | cubewano | [63] | ||||||||
2001 QF298 469372 |
204+20 −22 |
– | – | plutino | [49] | ||||||||
Huya 38628 |
203±8 | > 0.5 | > 1.43 | plutino; binary | [38] · [64] | ||||||||
2004 PF115 175113 |
203+49 −38 |
– | – | plutino | [49] | ||||||||
Legend:
|
From 100 to 199 km
This list contains a selection of objects estimated to be between 100 and 199 km in radius (200 and 399 km in diameter). The largest of these may lie above the boundary for hydrostatic equilibrium, but most are irregular. Most of the trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) listed with a radius smaller than 200 km have "assumed sizes based on a generic albedo of 0.09" since they are too far away to directly measure their sizes with existing instruments. Mass switches from 1021 kg to 1018 kg (Zg). Main-belt asteroids have orbital elements constrained by (2.0 AU < a < 3.2 AU; q > 1.666 AU) according to JPL Solar System Dynamics (JPLSSD).[65] Many TNOs are omitted from this list as their sizes are poorly known.[28]
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass (1018 kg) |
Type | Refs[note 6] r · M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 UX10 144897 |
199±19.5 | ≈ 30 | plutino | [49] · [66] | ||
Mimas Saturn I |
198.2±0.4 | 37.49±0.03 | moon of Saturn | [54] · [55] | ||
1998 SN165 35671 |
196.5±19.5 | cubewano | [30] | |||
Nereid Neptune II |
178.5±6.5 | moon of Neptune | [67] | |||
2001 UR163 42301 |
≈ 176 | resonant KBO (4:9) | [28] | |||
1996 TL66 15874 |
169.5±10 | SDO | [34] | |||
2004 XA192 230965 |
169.5+60 −47.5 |
SDO | [49] | |||
2002 WC19 119979 |
≈ 169 | 77±5 | resonant KBO (1:2); binary | [68] · [68] | ||
Interamnia 704 |
166±3 | 38±13 | belt asteroid type F | [69] · [69] | ||
Ilmarë Varda I |
163+19 −17 |
moon of 174567 Varda | [70] | |||
Hiʻiaka Haumea I |
≈ 160 | 17.9±1.1 | moon of Haumea | [18] · [18] | ||
Europa 52 |
152.0±1.8 | 23.8±5.8 | belt asteroid type C | [71] · [72] | ||
Davida 511 |
145.2±1.1 | 33.8±10.2 | belt asteroid type C | [73] · [72] | ||
2002 TX300 55636 |
143±5 | cubewano | [74] | |||
Sylvia 87 |
143±5.5 | 14.78±0.06 | outer belt asteroid type X; trinary | [75] · [76] | ||
Actaea Salacia I |
143±12 | moon of 120347 Salacia | [77] | |||
Hyperion Saturn VII |
138.6±4 | 5.62±0.05 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | ||
Lempo 47171 |
136+8.5 −9.5 |
plutino; trinary | [78] | |||
1998 SM165 26308 |
134±14 | 6.87±1.8 | resonant KBO (1:2) | [79] · [79] | ||
Euphrosyne 31 |
134±2 | 17±3 | belt asteroid type C; binary | [71] · [72] | ||
Chariklo 10199 |
≈ 130 | centaur; has rings | [80] | |||
Eunomia 15 |
128.2±1.5 | 31.4±1.8 | belt asteroid type S | [81] · [72] | ||
Hiisi Lempo II |
125.5+8 −8.5 |
secondary of 47171 Lempo | [78] | |||
Hektor 624 |
125±13 | 7.9±1.4 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D; binary | [82] · [82] | ||
Sila 79360 |
124.5+15 −15.5 |
10.8±0.22 | cubewano; binary | [83] | ||
2007 RW10 309239 |
123.5±15 | quasi-satellite of Neptune | [34] | |||
Juno 3 |
123.3±5.9 | 27.3±2.9 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | ||
Altjira 148780 |
123+19 −70 |
cubewano; binary | [30] | |||
Cybele 65 |
118.6±2.1 | 13.6±3.1 | outer belt asteroid type C | [85] · [72] | ||
Nunam 79360 |
118+14 −15 |
secondary of 79360 Sila | [83] | |||
Patientia 451 |
112.9±2.3 | 10.9±5.3 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | ||
Ceto 65489 |
111.5±5 | 5.4±0.4 | extended centaur; binary | [34] · [86] | ||
Herculina 532 |
111.2±2.4 | belt asteroid type S | [85] | |||
Psyche 16 |
111±2 | 24.1±3.2 | belt asteroid type M | [87] | ||
S/2007 (148780) 1 Altjira I |
110.5+17 −62.5 |
secondary of 148780 Altjira | [30] | |||
Bamberga 324 |
110.35±0.72 | 10±1 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | ||
Doris 48 |
108.2±2.4 | 6.1±3.0 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | ||
Chiron 2060 or 95P |
108±5 | centaur; has rings | [38] | |||
Egeria 13 |
107±6 | 8.8±4.2 | belt asteroid type G | [72] · [72] | ||
Iris 7 |
107±2.5 | 13.8±1.3 | belt asteroid type S | [88] · [88] | ||
Phoebe Saturn IX |
106.6±0.8 | 8.29±0.01 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | ||
S/2012 (38628) 1 Huya I |
106±15 | moon of 38628 Huya | [38] | |||
Camilla 107 |
105±4 | 11.2±0.3 | outer belt asteroid type C; trinary | [84] · [72] | ||
Fortuna 19 |
103±3 | 8.6±1.5 | belt asteroid type G | [72] · [72] | ||
Thisbe 88 |
102±5 | 15.3±3.1 | belt asteroid type B | [72] · [72] | ||
Eugenia 45 |
101±1 | 5.7±0.1 | belt asteroid type F; trinary | [84] · [89] | ||
Legend:
|
From 50 to 99 km
This list contains a selection of objects 50 and 99 km in radius (100 km to 199 km in average diameter). The listed objects currently include most objects in the asteroid belt and moons of the giant planets in this size range, but many newly discovered objects in the outer Solar System are missing, such as those included in the following reference.[28] Asteroid spectral types are mostly Tholen, but some might be SMASS.
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass (1018 kg) |
Type | Refs[note 6] r · M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bienor 54598 |
99+3 −3.5 |
centaur | [90] | ||
Themis 24 |
98±2 | 5.9±1.9 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | |
Larissa Neptune VII |
97.0±5.4 | ≈ 4.2 | moon of Neptune | [91] · [lower-alpha 6] | |
Ursula 375 |
96.8±1.3 | 8.4±5.3 | belt asteroid type C | [81] · [72] | |
Amphitrite 29 |
94.8±0.6 | 13±2 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Daphne 41 |
94.5±0.5 | 6.3±0.1 | belt asteroid type C; binary | [93] · [72] | |
Aurora 94 |
93.8±3.6 | 6.2±3.6 | belt asteroid type C | [73] · [72] | |
Hermione 121 |
94±3 | 5.0±0.3 | outer belt asteroid type C; binary | [94] · [72] | |
Bertha 154 |
93.4±0.9 | 9.2±5.2 | belt asteroid type C | [72] · [72] | |
Hebe 6 |
92.6±1.4 | 14±1 | belt asteroid type S | [85] · [72] | |
Metis 9 |
≈ 92 | 8.4±1.7 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Elektra 130 |
90.3±1.3 | 6.6±0.4 | belt asteroid type G; trinary | [84] · [95] | |
Janus Saturn X |
89.5±1.4 | 1.898±0.001 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | |
Teharonhiawako 88611 |
89+16 −18 |
2.44±0.03 | cubewano; binary | [30] · [96] | |
Aegle 96 |
88.9±0.8 | 6.4±6.3 | belt asteroid type T | [84] · [72] | |
S/2015 (136472) 1 Makemake I |
≈ 87.5 | moon of Makemake | [97] | ||
Galatea Neptune VI |
87.4±4.9 | 2.12±0.08 | moon of Neptune | [91] · [98] | |
Phorcys Ceto I |
87+8 −9 |
≈ 1.67 | secondary of 65489 Ceto | [86] · [86] | |
Palma 372 |
86.8±1.4 | 5.2±0.6 | belt asteroid type B | [71] · [72] | |
Alauda 702 |
86±28 | 6.06±0.36 | belt asteroid type C; binary | [71] · [99] | |
Hilda 153 |
85.3±1.6 | outer belt asteroid; Hildas | [85] | ||
Himalia Jupiter VI |
85 | 4.2±0.6 | moon of Jupiter | [5] · [100] | |
Namaka Haumea II |
≈ 85 | 1.8±1.5 | moon of Haumea | [18] · [18] | |
Weywot Quaoar I |
≈ 85 | moon of 50000 Quaoar | |||
Freia 76 |
84.2±1.0 | 2.0±4.2 | outer belt asteroid type P/type X | [81] · [72] | |
Kalliope 22 |
83.8±1.5 | 8.16±0.26 | belt asteroid type M; binary | [84] · [101] | |
Amalthea Jupiter V |
84±2 | 2.08±0.15 | moon of Jupiter | [102] · [103] | |
Agamemnon 911 |
83.3±2.0 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [85] | ||
Elpis 59 |
82.6±2.3 | 3±0.5 | belt asteroid type CP/type B | [84] · [72] | |
Puck Uranus XV |
81±2 | moon of Uranus | [104] | ||
Sycorax Uranus XVII |
78.5+11.5 −7.5 |
moon of Uranus | [105] | ||
Despina Neptune V |
78±5 | moon of Neptune | [91] | ||
Io 85 |
77.4±1.9 | 2.6±1.5 | belt asteroid type FC/type B | [85] · [72] | |
Minerva 93 |
77.08±0.65 | 3.5±0.4 | belt asteroid type C; trinary | [84] · [72] | |
Alexandra 54 |
77.07±0.32 | 6.2±3.5 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | |
Laetitia 39 |
77±2 | 4.7±1.1 | belt asteroid type S | [72] · [72] | |
Parthenope 11 |
75±1 | 5.91±0.45 | belt asteroid type S | [81] · [72] | |
Manwë 385446 |
≈ 75 | ≈ 1.41 | resonant KBO (4:7); binary | [106] · [106] | |
Pales 49 |
≈ 74.9 | 4.2±2.2 | belt asteroid type C | [85] · [72] | |
Arethusa 95 |
74.0±2.4 | belt asteroid type C | [73] | ||
Flora 8 |
73.7±0.5 | ≈ 9.2±1.8 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Pulcova 762 |
73.7±0.4 | 1.4±0.1 | belt asteroid type F; binary | [84] · [107] | |
Julia 89 |
72.7±0.6 | 6.7±1.8 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Irene 14 |
72±1 | 2.9±1.9 | belt asteroid type S | [81] · [72] | |
Aglaja 47 |
71±4 | 3.2±1.7 | belt asteroid type C | [72] · [72] | |
Patroclus 617 |
70.181±0.434 | 1.36±0.11 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type P; binary | [84] · [72] | |
Melpomene 18 |
69.797±1.226 | 3 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [108] | |
Nemausa 51 |
69.079±0.483 | 2.48±0.86 | belt asteroid type G | [84] · [72] | |
Hesperia 69 |
69.065±2.35 | 5.86±1.18 | belt asteroid type M | [85] · [72] | |
Typhon 42355 |
69±4.5 | 0.87±0.03 | resonant SDO (7:10); binary | [90] · [109] | |
Massalia 20 |
67.84±1.837 | 5±1.04 | belt asteroid type S | [71] · [72] | |
Portia Uranus XII |
67.6±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Emma 283 |
66.193±0.129 | 1.38±0.03 | belt asteroid type X; binary | [84] · [72] | |
Paha Lempo I |
66+4 −4.5 |
0.746±0.001 | moon of 47171 Lempo | [78] · [110] | |
Lucina 146 |
65.947 | belt asteroid type C | [111] | ||
Sawiskera Teharonhiawako I |
65.5+12 −13 |
secondary of 88611 Teharonhiawako | [30] | ||
Kleopatra 216 |
65.333 | 4.64±0.02 | belt asteroid type M; trinary | [112] · [72] | |
Achilles 588 |
65.049±0.277 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type DU | [84] | ||
Panopaea 70 |
63.956±0.373 | 4.33±1.09 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | |
Thule 279 |
63.295±1.85 | belt asteroid type D | [85] | ||
Borasisi 66652 |
63+12.5 −25.5 |
3.433±0.027 | cubewano; binary | [30] · [113] | |
Hestia 46 |
62.07±1.7 | 3.5 | belt asteroid type P/type Xc | [85] · [114] | |
Leto 68 |
61.255±1.569 | 3.28±1.9 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Undina 92 |
60.465±0.850 | 4.43±0.25 | belt asteroid type X | [81] · [72] | |
Bellona 28 |
60.45±1.90 | 2.62±0.15 | belt asteroid type S | [115] · [72] | |
Diana 78 |
60.30±1.35 | 1.27±0.13 | belt asteroid type C | [116] · [72] | |
Anchises 1173 |
60.245±1.455 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type P | [81] | ||
Galatea 74 |
59.355±1.400 | 6.13±5.36 | belt asteroid type C | [117] · [72] | |
Deiphobus 1867 |
59.110±0.808 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type D | [118] | ||
Äneas 1172 |
59.010±0.403 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type D | [119] | ||
Diomedes 1437 |
58.893±0.59 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [120] | ||
Terpsichore 81 |
58.864±0.367 | 6.19±5.31 | belt asteroid type C | [121] · [72] | |
Epimetheus Saturn XI |
58.1±1.8 | 5.266±0.006 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | |
Circe 34 |
57.745±0.989 | ≈ 3.66±0.03 | belt asteroid type C | [84] · [72] | |
Leda 38 |
57.705±0.665 | 5.71±5.47 | belt asteroid type C | [72] · [72] | |
Victoria 12 |
57.544±0.599 | 2.45±0.46 | belt asteroid type S | [122] · [72] | |
Odysseus 1143 |
57.312±0.296 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [123] | ||
Alcathous 2241 |
56.841±0.858 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type D | [124] | ||
Melete 56 |
56.62±0.85 | 4.61 | belt asteroid type P | [85] · [72] | |
Mnemosyne 57 |
56.295±1.4 | ≈ 12.6±2.4 | belt asteroid type S | [125] · [72] | |
Nestor 659 |
56.16±0.925 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type XC | [126] | ||
Harmonia 40 |
55.626±0.196 | belt asteroid type S | [127] | ||
Leleākūhonua 541132 |
55+7 −5 |
sednoid | [128] | ||
Euterpe 27 |
54.895±0.77 | 1.67±1.01 | belt asteroid type S | [81] · [72] | |
Antilochus 1583 |
54.421±0.272 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [84] | ||
Thorondor Manwë I |
54 | 0.5 | secondary of 385446 Manwë | [106] · [106] | |
Thalia 23 |
53.765±1.1 | 1.96±0.09 | belt asteroid type S | [129] · [72] | |
Erato 62 |
53.461±0.329 | belt asteroid type BU/type Ch | [130] | ||
Astraea 5 |
53.349±1.57 | 2.9 | belt asteroid type S | [131] · [114] | |
Pabu Borasisi I |
52.5+10 −21 |
secondary of 66652 Borasisi | [30] | ||
Eos 221 |
51.76±2.8 | ≈ 5.87±0.34 | belt asteroid type S/type K | [72] · [72] | |
Aegina 91 |
51.701±0.242 | belt asteroid type C | [132] | ||
Leukothea 35 |
51.528±0.601 | belt asteroid type C | [133] | ||
Menoetius Patroclus I |
51.4±0.25 | secondary of 617 Patroclus | [134] | ||
Isis 42 |
51.365±1.365 | 1.58±0.52 | belt asteroid type S | [72] · [72] | |
Klotho 97 |
50.359±0.321 | 1.33±0.13 | belt asteroid type M | [84] · [72] | |
Troilus 1208 |
50.239±0.549 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type FCU | [135] |
From 20 to 49 km
This list includes few examples since there are about 589 asteroids in the asteroid belt with a measured radius between 20 and 49 km.[136] Many thousands of objects of this size range have yet to be discovered in the trans-Neptunian region. The number of digits is not an endorsement of significant figures. The table switches from ×1018 kg to ×1015 kg (Eg). Most mass values of asteroids are assumed.[72][108]
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass (1015 kg) |
Type – notes | Refs[note 6] r · M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asterope 233 |
49.836±0.573 | belt asteroid type T/type K | [137] | ||
Pholus 5145 |
49.5+7.5 −7 |
centaur | [90] | ||
Thebe Jupiter XIV |
49.3±2 | moon of Jupiter | [102] | ||
Lutetia 21 |
49±1 | 1700±17 | belt asteroid type M | [138] · [139] | |
Kalypso 53 |
48.631±13.299 | ≈ 5630±5000 | belt asteroid type XC | [140] · [72] | |
Proserpina 26 |
47.4±0.85 | 748±895 | belt asteroid type S | [141] · [72] | |
Juliet Uranus XI |
46.8±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Urania 30 |
46.394±1.02 | 1740±490 | belt asteroid type S | [142] · [72] | |
Ausonia 63 |
45.816±2.181 | 1530±150 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Beatrix 83 |
44.819±1.326 | belt asteroid type X | [84] | ||
Concordia 58 |
44.806±0.419 | belt asteroid type C | [84] | ||
Echidna Typhon I |
44.5±3 | moon of 42355 Typhon | [109] | ||
Automedon 2920 |
44.287±0.898 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [143] | ||
90 Antiope | 43.9±0.5 | 828±22 | belt asteroid type C; binary | [144] · [144] | |
Prometheus Saturn XVI |
43.1±2.7 | 159.5±1.5 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | |
Danaë 61 |
42.969±1.076 | 2890±2780 | belt asteroid type S | [145] · [72] | |
Thetis 17 |
42.449±1.014 | 1200 | belt asteroid type S | [146] · [108] | |
Pandora 55 |
42.397±1.251 | belt asteroid type M | [147] | ||
Huenna 379 |
42.394±0.779 | 383±19 | belt asteroid type B/type C; binary | [148] · [95] | |
Virginia 50 |
42.037±0.121 | 2310±700 | belt asteroid type X/type Ch | [149] · [72] | |
Feronia 72 |
41.975±2.01 | ≈ 3320±8490 | belt asteroid type TDG | [72] · [72] | |
S/2000 (90) 1 Antiope I |
41.9±0.5 | secondary of 90 Antiope | [144] | ||
Poulydamas 4348 |
41.016±0.313 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type C | [150] | ||
Logos 58534 |
41±9 | 458±6.9 | cubewano; binary | [151] · [151] | |
Pandora Saturn XVII |
40.7±1.5 | 137.1±1.9 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | |
Thalassa Neptune IV |
40.7±2.8 | moon of Neptune | [91] | ||
Niobe 71 |
40.43±0.4 | belt asteroid type S | [81] | ||
Pomona 32 |
40.38±0.8 | belt asteroid type S | [152] | ||
Belinda Uranus XIV |
40.3±8 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Elara Jupiter VII |
39.95±1.7 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Cressida Uranus IX |
39.8±2 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Amycus 55576 |
38.15±6.25 | centaur | [60] | ||
Hylonome 10370 |
37.545 | centaur | [154] | ||
1974 FV1 3708 |
37.831±0.404 | Jupiter trojan (L5) type C | [84] | ||
Nysa 44 |
37.83±0.37 | belt asteroid type E | [81] | ||
Rosalind Uranus XIII |
36±6 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Maja 66 |
35.895±0.46 | belt asteroid type C | [81] | ||
Ariadne 43 |
35.67±0.627 | ≈ 1210±220 | belt asteroid type S | [155] · [72] | |
Iphigenia 112 |
35.535±0.26 | ≈ 1970±6780 | belt asteroid type C | [72] · [72] | |
Dike 99 |
33.677±0.208 | belt asteroid type C | [156] | ||
Echeclus 60558 or 174P |
32.3±0.8 | centaur | [90] | ||
Desdemona Uranus X |
32±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Eurybates 3548 |
31.943±0.149 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type CP | [84] | ||
Eurynome 79 |
31.739±0.476 | belt asteroid type S | [157] | ||
Eurydike 75 |
31.189±0.802 | belt asteroid type M | [158] | ||
Halimede Neptune IX |
≈ 31 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Phocaea 25 |
30.527±1.232 | 599±60 | belt asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Naiad Neptune III |
30.2±3.2 | moon of Neptune | [91] | ||
Schwassmann– Wachmann 1 29P |
30.2±3.7 | comet | [159] | ||
Neso Neptune XIII |
≈ 30 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Angelina 64 |
29.146±0.541 | belt asteroid type E | [160] | ||
Pasiphae Jupiter VIII |
28.9±0.4 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Alkmene 82 |
28.811±0.357 | belt asteroid type S | [161] | ||
Nessus 7066 |
28.5±8.5 | centaur | [90] | ||
Polana 142 |
27.406±0.139 | belt asteroid type F | [162] | ||
Bianca Uranus VIII |
27±2 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Mathilde 253 |
26.4 | 103.3±4.4 | belt asteroid type C | [163] · [164] | |
Hidalgo 944 |
26.225±1.8 | centaur | [81] | ||
Orus 21900 |
25.405±0.405 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type C/type D | [84] | ||
Amalthea 113 |
25.069±0.633 | belt asteroid type S; binary | [84] | ||
Prospero Uranus XVIII |
≈ 25 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Setebos Uranus XIX |
≈ 24 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Carme Jupiter XI |
23.35±0.45 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Klytia 73 |
22.295±0.471 | belt asteroid type S | [165] | ||
Sao Neptune XI |
≈ 22 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Echo 60 |
21.609±0.286 | 315±32 | belt asteroid type S | [166] · [72] | |
Metis Jupiter XVI |
21.5±2 | ≈ 119.893 | moon of Jupiter | [102] · [167] | |
Ophelia Uranus VII |
21.4±4 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Lysithea Jupiter X |
21.1±0.35 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Caliban Uranus XVI |
21+10 −6 |
moon of Uranus | [105] | ||
Laomedeia Neptune XII |
≈ 21 | moon of Neptune | [5] | ||
Cordelia Uranus VI |
20.1±3 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Psamathe Neptune X |
≈ 20 | moon of Neptune | [5] |
From 1 to 19 km
This list contains some examples of Solar System objects between 1 and 19 km in radius. This is a common size for asteroids, comets and irregular moons.
Body[note 1] | Image | Radius[note 2] (km) |
Mass (1015 kg) |
Type – notes | Refs[note 6] r · M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urda 167 |
19.968±0.132 | belt asteroid type S | [168] | ||
Hydra Pluto III |
19.65 | 48±42 | moon of Pluto | [169] · [170] | |
Siarnaq Saturn XXIX |
19.65±2.95 | moon of Saturn | [153] | ||
Koronis 158 |
19.513±0.231 | belt asteroid type S | [171] | ||
Nix Pluto II |
19.017 | 45±40 | moon of Pluto | [169] · [170] | |
Ganymed 1036 |
18.838±0.199 | ≈ 167±318 | Amor asteroid type S | [84] · [72] | |
Okyrhoe 52872 |
18±0.6 | centaur | [172] | ||
Helene Saturn XII |
17.6±0.4 | moon of Saturn; Dione trojan (L4) | [26] | ||
Sinope Jupiter IX |
17.5±0.3 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Hippocamp Neptune XIV |
17.4±1 | ≈ 50 | moon of Neptune | [91] · [91] | |
Leucus 11351 |
17.078±0.323 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type D | [84] | ||
Stephano Uranus XX |
≈ 16 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Arrokoth 486958 |
15.85±0.25 | cubewano; contact binary | [173] | ||
Ida 243 |
15.7 | 42±6 | belt asteroid type S; binary | [174] · [175] | |
Atlas Saturn XV |
15.1±0.9 | 6.6 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | |
Ananke Jupiter XII |
14.55±0.3 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Albiorix Saturn XXVI |
14.3±2.7 | moon of Saturn | [153] | ||
Pan Saturn XVIII |
14.1±1.3 | 4.95 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [176] | |
Linus Kalliope I |
14±1 | ≈ 60 | asteroid moon of 22 Kalliope | [101] · [177] | |
Dioretsa 20461 |
14±3 | centaur; damocloid | [178] | ||
Perdita Uranus XXV |
13±1 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Telesto Saturn XIII |
12.4±0.4 | moon of Saturn; Tethys trojan (L4) | [26] | ||
Mab Uranus XXVI |
12±1 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Phobos Mars I |
11.267 | 10.659 | moon of Mars | [179] · [180] | |
Paaliaq Saturn XX |
≈ 11 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Francisco Uranus XXII |
≈ 11 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Leda Jupiter XIII |
10.75±0.85 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Calypso Saturn XIV |
10.7±0.7 | moons of Saturn; Tethys trojan (L5) | [26] | ||
Polymele 15094 |
10.548±0.068 | Jupiter trojan (L4) type P | [85] | ||
Margaret Uranus XXIII |
≈ 10 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Ferdinand Uranus XXIV |
≈ 10 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Cupid Uranus XXVII |
9±1 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Ymir Saturn XIX |
≈ 9 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Trinculo Uranus XXI |
≈ 9 | moon of Uranus | [5] | ||
Eros 433 |
8.42±0.02 | 6.687±0.003 | Amor asteroid type S | [181] · [181] | |
Adrastea Jupiter XV |
8.2±2 | moon of Jupiter | [5] | ||
Kiviuq Saturn XXIV |
≈ 8 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Tarvos Saturn XXI |
≈ 7.5 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Kerberos Pluto IV |
≈ 6.333 | 16±9 | moon of Pluto | [182] · [183] | |
Gaspra 951 |
6.266 | 20–30 | belt asteroid type S | [184] · [185] | |
Deimos Mars II |
6.2±0.18 | 1.476 | moon of Mars | [5] · [186] | |
Skamandrios Hektor I |
6±1.5 | asteroid moon of 624 Hektor | [82] | ||
Ijiraq Saturn XXII |
≈ 6 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Halley's Comet 1P |
5.75 | 0.22 | comet | [187] · [188] | |
Styx Pluto V |
≈ 5.5 | ≈ 7.65 | moon of Pluto | [182] · [183] | |
Romulus Sylvia I |
5.4±2.8 | asteroid moon of 87 Sylvia | [189] | ||
Masursky 2685 |
5.372±0.085 | belt asteroid type S | [190] | ||
Erriapus Saturn XXVIII |
≈ 5 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Callirrhoe Jupiter XVII |
4.8±0.65 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Alexhelios Kleopatra I |
4.45±0.8 | asteroid moon of 216 Kleopatra | [191] | ||
Esclangona 1509 |
4.085±0.3 | inner belt asteroid type S; binary | [192] | ||
Themisto Jupiter XVIII |
≈ 4 | moon of Jupiter | [5] | ||
Daphnis Saturn XXXV |
3.8±0.8 | 0.077±0.015 | moon of Saturn | [26] · [26] | |
Petit-Prince Eugenia I |
3.5±1 | asteroid moon of 45 Eugenia | [89] | ||
Praxidike Jupiter XXVII |
3.5±0.35 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Bestla Saturn XXXIX |
≈ 3.5 | moon of Saturn | [5] | ||
Remus Sylvia II |
≈ 3.5 | asteroid moon of 87 Sylvia | [189] | ||
Kalyke Jupiter XXIII |
3.45±0.65 | moon of Jupiter | [153] | ||
Cleoselene Kleopatra II |
3.45±0.8 | asteroid moon of 216 Kleopatra | [191] | ||
S/2019 (31) 1 Euphrosyne I |
3.35±1.2 | asteroid moon of 31 Euphrosyne | [193] | ||
Tempel 1 9P |
3±0.1 | Jupiter-family comet; Deep Impact flyby and impacted | [194] | ||
Phaethon 3200 |
2.9 | Apollo asteroid type F | [195] | ||
1999 JM8 53319 |
2.7±0.6 | Apollo asteroid type X | [196] | ||
Borrelly 19P |
2.66 | Jupiter-family comet | [197] | ||
Šteins 2867 |
2.58±0.084 | belt asteroid type E | [84] | ||
Atira 163693 |
2.4±0.25 | Atira asteroid type S; binary | [198] | ||
Annefrank 5535 |
2.4 | belt asteroid type S | [199] | ||
Balam 3749 |
2.332±0.107 | 0.51±0.02 | belt asteroid type S; trinary | [200] · [201] | |
Pallene Saturn XXXIII |
2.22±0.07 | moon of Saturn | [202] | ||
Florence 3122 |
2.201±0.015 | 0.079±0.002 | Amor asteroid type S; trinary | [73] · [203] | |
Wild 2 81P |
2.133 | Jupiter family comet | [204] | ||
Litva 2577 |
2.115 | Mars-crosser type EU; trinary | [205] | ||
Churyumov–Gerasimenko 67P |
2 | 0.00998 | Jupiter-family comet | [206] · [207] | |
Donaldjohanson 52246 |
1.948±0.007 | belt asteroid type C | [208] | ||
Cuno 4183 |
1.826±0.051 | Apollo asteroid type S/type Q | [209] | ||
1986 DA 6178 |
1.575 | Amor asteroid type M | [210] | ||
Pichi üñëm Alauda I |
1.55±0.45 | asteroid moon of 702 Alauda | [211] | ||
Toutatis 4179 |
1.516 | 0.0505 | Apollo asteroid type S | [212] · [212] | |
Methone Saturn XXXII |
1.45±0.03 | moon of Saturn | [202] | ||
1998 QE2 285263 |
1.375 | Amor asteroid type S; binary | [213] | ||
Polydeuces Saturn XXXIV |
1.3±0.4 | moon of Saturn; Dione trojan (L5) | [26] | ||
2001 SN263 153591 |
1.315±0.2 | 0.00951±0.00013 | Amor asteroid type C; trinary | [214] · [215] | |
S/2003 (1509) 1 Esclangona I |
1.285 | asteroid moon of 1509 Esclangona | [216] | ||
APL 132524 |
≈ 1.25 | belt asteroid type S | [217] | ||
Camillo 3752 |
1.153±0.044 | Apollo asteroid type S | [73] | ||
Cruithne 3753 |
1.036±0.053 | Aten asteroid type Q; quasi-satellite of Earth | [218] |
Below 1 km
This list contains examples of objects below 1 km in radius. That means that irregular bodies can have a longer chord in some directions, hence the mean radius averages out.
In the asteroid belt alone there are estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.9 million objects with a radius above 0.5 km,[219] many of which are in the range 0.5–1.0 km. Countless more have a radius below 0.5 km.
Very few objects in this size range have been explored or even imaged. The exceptions are objects that have been visited by a probe, or have passed close enough to Earth to be imaged. Radius is by mean geometric radius. Number of digits not an endorsement of significant figures. Mass scale shifts from × 1015 to 109 kg, which is equivalent to one billion kg or 1012 grams (Teragram – Tg).
Currently most of the objects of mass between 109 kg to 1012 kg (less than 1000 teragrams (Tg)) listed here are near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). The Aten asteroid 1994 WR12 has less mass than the Great Pyramid of Giza, 5.9 × 109 kg.
For more about very small objects in the Solar System, see meteoroid, micrometeoroid, and interplanetary dust cloud. (See also Visited/imaged bodies.)
Surface gravity
The surface gravity at the equator of a body can in most cases be accurately calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation and centrifugal force.
The gravitational acceleration at the equator is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula that follows from this law is:
where
- ag is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration
- G is the gravitational constant
- m is the mass of the celestial body
- r is the equatorial radius of the celestial body (if this varies significantly, the mean equatorial radius is used)
The magnitude of the outward acceleration due to centrifugal force is given by
where
- T is the rotation period of the celestial body
The surface gravity at the equator is then given by:
See also
Notes
- Radius estimated using equatorial radius and assuming body is spherical
- Radius has been determined by various methods, such as optical (Hubble), thermal (Spitzer), or direct imaging via spacecraft
- Radius estimated by using three radii and assuming body is spheroid
- Best fit, assuming Haumea is in hydrostatic equilibrium
- Calculated in Wolfram Alpha using semi axes of 1050 × 840 × 537 (Ellipsoid volume: 1.98395×10^9 km³)
- The mass estimate is based on the assumed density of 1.2 g/cm³, and a volume of 3.5 ×106 km³ obtained from a detailed shape model in Stooke (1994).[92]
- Name of body, including alternative names using Roman numerals to designate moons (such as "Saturn I" for Mimas), and numbers to designate minor planets
- Mean radius including uncertainties
- Given as surface gravity (1 bar for gaseous planets)
- Ranking by radius and mass. Bodies under 500km in radius cannot be meaningfully ranked, as there are a number of known TNOs that may be in this range.
- Figures from default source Johnston's Archive—List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects,[28] if otherwise not mentioned in the References column
- Reference column specifically for radius (r) and mass (M) citations
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Further reading
- NASA Planetary Data System (PDS)
- Asteroids with Satellites
- Minor Planet discovery circumstances
- Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS) and IRAS Minor Planet Survey (IMPS)
- SIMPS & IMPS (V6, additional, from here)
- Asteroid Data Archive (dead link) Archive Planetary Science Institute
External links
- Planetary fact sheets
- Asteroid fact sheet
- All (known) Bodies in the Solar System Larger than 200 Miles in Diameter – in an image, put side by side.
- Size comparison of asteroids and comets visited by space probe (Parent article of image at The Planetary Society)
- Scaled Solar System montage at TPS Blog