List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia

This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia. It includes fully recognized states, states with limited but substantial international recognition, de facto states with little or no international recognition, and dependencies of both Asian and non-Asian states. In particular, it lists 49 generally recognized sovereign states (all of which are members of the United Nations), two states with substantial but not general international recognition (of which one is a UN observer state), four largely unrecognized de facto states, and six dependent and other territories.

The 49 generally recognized sovereign states listed here include two countries that are generally classified as European or African nations but with portions of their territory being in Asia, while the two states with substantial but not general recognition are both fully encompassed in Asia. Though a majority of the Russian Federation's land area is located within Asia, it is generally considered a European country because of its historical, cultural, ethnic, and political ties to Europe. Its capital and largest city, Moscow is located within Europe, and the vast majority of its population lives within its European part. In addition, while Egypt extends into Asia through the Sinai Peninsula, it is generally considered to be an African country because most of its population and geographic area is in Africa.

Geographical boundaries of Asia

The divisions between Asia and Europe occur at the Ural Mountains, Ural River, and Caspian Sea in the east, the Caucasus Mountains and the Black Sea, Bosporus Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles and the Aegean Sea in the south. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey all have territory in both Asia and Europe. Armenia and Cyprus are entirely in Western Asia but are socio-politically European countries and members of the Council of Europe, with Cyprus also being a member of the European Union.

The division between Asia and Africa is usually considered to be the Suez Canal, placing the Sinai peninsula (which is part of Egypt) in Asia, and, therefore, Egypt, an African country, may also be considered to be a country in Asia.

The division between Asia and Australasia (Oceania) is disputed and placed somewhere between Java and New Guinea. Indonesia spans both areas, but is considered to be in Asia. East Timor is sometimes considered to be part of Australasia, but due to its being surrounded by Indonesia and its once being part of Indonesia, it is generally considered to be in Asia. Papua New Guinea is occasionally considered to be in Asia, but it is generally considered to be part of Australasia. The division between Asia and North America is considered to be the Bering Strait. Some of the Aleutian Islands, however, may be considered to be in Asia.

Sovereign states

A sovereign state is a political organization with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest.[1] According to the Montevideo convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. It is also important to note that these states were categorized accordingly independent of our endorsement or opposition to their statehood and is based solely on their de facto and de jure statuses[2]

United Nations member states

There are 49 Asian states or states with substantial territory in Asia in this list. All are members of the United Nations.[3]

Flag	Map	English short and formal names [4][5][6]	Domestic short and formal names[4][5]	Capital [6][7][8]	Population 2018 [9][10]	Area
		Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan	Dari: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان – افغانستان (Afghānestān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afghānestān) Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت – افغانستان‎ (Afghān̄istān – Afghānistān Islāmī Jumhūrīyat)	Kabul Dari: کابل (Kābul) Pashto: کابل‎ (Kābul)	37,171,921	652,230 km^2 (251,827 sq mi)
		Armenia Republic of Armenia	Armenian: Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետությու (Hayastan – Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun)	Yerevan Armenian: Երևան (Yerevan)	2,951,745	29,743 km^2 (11,484 sq mi)
		Azerbaijan^[a]^[b] Republic of Azerbaijan	Azerbaijani: Azǝrbaycan – Azǝrbaycan Respublikası	Baku Azerbaijani: Bakı	9,949,537	86,600 km^2 (33,436 sq mi)
		Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain	Arabic: مملكة البحرين – البحرين‎ (Al Baḩrayn – Mamlakat al Baḩrayn)	Manama Arabic: المنامة‎ (Al Manāmah)	1,569,446	760 km^2 (293 sq mi)
		Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh	Bengali: বাংলাদেশ – গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ (Bānglādesh – Gaṇaprajātantrī Bānglādesh)	Dhaka Bengali: ঢাকা (Ḍhākā)	161,376,708	147,570 km^2 (56,977 sq mi)
		Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan	Dzongkha: འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ – འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ (Druk Yul – Druk Gyalkhapb)	Thimphu Dzongkha: ཐིམ་ཕུ (Thimphu)	754,388	38,394 km^2 (14,824 sq mi)
		Brunei Brunei Darussalam Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace	Malay: Brunei – Negara Brunei Darussalam (‎بروني – ‎نڬارا بروني دارالسلام)	Bandar Seri Begawan Malay: Bandar Seri Begawan (بندر سري بڬاوان)		5,765 km^2 (2,226 sq mi)
		Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia	Khmer: កម្ពុជា – ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (Kâmpŭchéa – Preăhréachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa)	Phnom Penh Khmer: ភ្នំពេញ (Phnum Pénh)	16,249,792	181,035 km^2 (69,898 sq mi)
		China^[b] People's Republic of China	Chinese: 中国 – 中华人民共和国 (Zhōngguó – Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó)	Beijing Chinese: 北京 (Běijīng)	1,427,647,786	9,596,961 km^2 (3,705,407 sq mi)
		Cyprus^[b] Republic of Cyprus	Greek: Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (Kýpros – Kypriakí Dimokratía) Nicosia Greek: Λευκωσία	1,189,265	9,251 km^2 (3,572 sq mi)
		Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt[n 1]	Arabic: مصر – جمهورية مصر العربية (Miṣr—Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyya)	Cairo Arabic: القاهرة (al-Qāhirah)	98,423,598	1,001,449 km^2 (386,662 sq mi)
		Georgia^[a]^[b]	Georgian: საქართველო (Sak'art'velo)	Tbilisi / T'bilisi Georgian: თბილისი (T'bilisi)	4,002,942	69,700 km^2 (26,911 sq mi)
		India Republic of India	Hindi: भारत – भारत गणराज्य (Bhārat – Bhārat Gaṇarajya)	New Delhi Hindi: नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī)	1,352,642,280	3,287,263 km^2 (1,269,219 sq mi)
		Indonesia^[a] Republic of Indonesia	Indonesian: Indonesia – Republik Indonesia	Jakarta Indonesian: Jakarta	267,670,543	1,904,569 km^2 (735,358 sq mi)
		Iran Islamic Republic of Iran	Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران – ایران‎ (Īrān – Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Īrān)	Tehran Persian: تهران‎ (Tehrān)	83,183,741	1,648,195 km^2 (636,372 sq mi)
		Iraq Republic of Iraq	Arabic: العراق – جمهورية العراق‎ (Al 'Irāq – Jumhūrīyat al 'Irāq)	Baghdad Arabic: بغداد‎ (Baghdād)	38,433,600	438,317 km^2 (169,235 sq mi)
		Israel State of Israel	Hebrew: יִשְרָאֵל – מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎ (Yisra'el – Medinat Yisra'el) Arabic: إسرائيل – دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل‎ (Isrā'īl – Dawlat Isrā'īl)	Jerusalem (Claimed and de facto)^[c] Hebrew: ירושלים‎ (Yerushalayim)	8,381,516	20,770 km^2 (8,019 sq mi)
		Japan	Japanese: 日本 – 日本国 (Nihon / Nippon – Nihon-koku / Nippon-koku)	Tokyo Japanese: 東京 (Tōkyō)	127,202,192	377,915 km^2 (145,914 sq mi)
		Jordan Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	Arabic: اﻷرُدن – المملكة الأردنية الهاشميه‎ (Al Urdun – Al Mamlakah al Urdunīyah al Hāshimīyah)	Amman Arabic: عمان‎ (Ammān)	9,965,318	89,342 km^2 (34,495 sq mi)
		Kazakhstan^[a] Republic of Kazakhstan	Kazakh: Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы (Qazaqstan – Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy) Russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан (Kazahstan – Respublika Kazahstan)	Nur-Sultan Kazakh: Нұр-Сұлтан Russian: Нур-Султан (Nur-Sultan)	18,319,618	2,724,900 km^2 (1,052,090 sq mi)
		North Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea	Korean: 조선 – 조선민주주의인민공화국 (Chosŏn – Chosŏn-minjujuŭi-inmin-konghwaguk)	Pyongyang Korean: 평양 (Phyŏngyang)	25,549,604	120,538 km^2 (46,540 sq mi)
		South Korea Republic of Korea	Korean: 한국 – 대한민국 (Hanguk – Daehan Minguk)	Seoul Korean: 서울 (Seoul)	51,171,706	99,720 km^2 (38,502 sq mi)
		Kuwait State of Kuwait	Arabic: دولة الكويت – اﻟﻜﻮﻳت‎ (Al Kuwayt – Dawlat al Kuwayt)	Kuwait City Arabic: الكويت‎ (Al Kuwayt)	4,137,312	17,818 km^2 (6,880 sq mi)
		Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic	Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан – Кыргыз Республикасы (Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Respublikasy) Russian: Кыргызстан – Кыргызская Республика (Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyzskaja Respublika)	Bishkek Kyrgyz: Бишкек (Bishkek) Russian: Бишкек (Biškek)	6,304,030	199,951 km^2 (77,202 sq mi)
		Laos Lao People's Democratic Republic	Lao: ປະເທດລາວ – ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ (PathetLao – Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxôn Lao)	Vientiane Lao: ວຽງຈັນ (Viangchan)		236,800 km^2 (91,429 sq mi)
		Lebanon Lebanese Republic	Arabic: لبنان – الجمهورية اللبنانية‎ (Lubnān – Al Jumhūrīyah al Lubnānīyah)	Beirut Arabic: بيروت‎ (Bayrūt)	6,859,408	10,452 km^2 (4,036 sq mi)
		Malaysia	Malaysian: Persekutuan Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur^[d] Malay: Kuala Lumpur	31,528,033	329,847 km^2 (127,355 sq mi)
		Maldives Republic of Maldives	Dhivehi: ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ – ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ (Dhivehi Raajje – Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa)	Malé / Male' Dhivehi: މާލެ (Maale)	515,696	298 km^2 (115 sq mi)
		Mongolia	Mongolian: Монгол – Монгол улс (Mongol – Mongol uls)	Ulaanbaatar Mongolian: Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar)	3,170,216	1,564,116 km^2 (603,909 sq mi)
		Myanmar Republic of the Union of Myanmar	Burmese: မြန်မာ – ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်‌ (Myanma – Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw)	Nay Pyi Taw Burmese: နေပြည်တော် (Nay Pyi Taw)	53,708,320	676,578 km^2 (261,228 sq mi)
		Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	Nepali: सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल (Nepāl – Saṁghīya Loktāntrik Ganạ tantra Nepāl)	Kathmandu Nepali: काठमाडौं (Kāṭhmāḍauṁ)	28,095,714	147,181 km^2 (56,827 sq mi)
		Oman Sultanate of Oman	Arabic: عُمان – سلطنة عُمان‎ ('Umān – Salţanat 'Umān)	Muscat Arabic: مسقط‎ (Masqaţ)	4,829,473	309,500 km^2 (119,499 sq mi)
		Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan	English: Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan Urdu: پَاکِسْتَان – اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان‎ (Pākistān —Islāmī Jamhuriyah-e-Pākistān)	Islamabad English: Islamabad Urdu: اسلام آباد‎ (Islāmābād)	212,228,286	881,913 km^2 (340,509 sq mi)
		Philippines Republic of the Philippines	English: Philippines – Republic of the Philippines Filipino: Pilipinas – Republika ng Pilipinas	Manila English: Manila Filipino: Maynila	106,651,394	343,448 km^2 (132,606 sq mi)
		Qatar State of Qatar	Arabic: قطر – دولة قطر‎ (Qatar – Dawlat Qatar)	Doha Arabic: الدوحة‎ (Ad Dawḩah)	2,781,682	11,586 km^2 (4,473 sq mi)
		Russia[11]^[a] Russian Federation	Russian: Росси́я – Российская Федерация (Rossija – Rossijskaja Federacija)	Moscow[12] Russian: Москва (Moskva)	146,748,590 (including Crimea) 144,386,830 (excluding Crimea)	17,098,242 km^2 (6,601,668 sq mi)
		Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	Arabic: السعودية – المملكة العربية السعودية‎ (As Su‘ūdīya – Al Mamlakah al 'Arabīyah as Su‘ūdīyah)	Riyadh Arabic: الرياض‎ (Ar Riyāḑ)	33,702,756	2,149,690 km^2 (830,000 sq mi)
		Singapore Republic of Singapore	Chinese: 新加坡 – 新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō – Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó) English: Singapore – Republic of Singapore Malay: Singapura – Republik Singapura Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் – சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (Chiṅkappūr – Chiṅkappūr Kuṭiyarachu)	Singapore Chinese: 新加坡 (Xīnjiāpō) English: Singapore Malay: Singapura Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் (Chiṅkappūr)	5,757,499	697 km^2 (269 sq mi)
		Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka	Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකාව – ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය (Shrī Laṁkā – Shrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajaya) Tamil: இலங்கை – இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சமத்துவ குடியரசு (Ilaṅkai – Ilaṅkai Jaṉanāyaka Choṣhalichak Kuṭiyarachu)	Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ (Shrī Jayavardhanapura Koṭṭe) Tamil: ஶ்ரீ ஜெயவர்த்தனபுர கோட்டை (Shrī Jĕyavarttaṉapura Koṭṭai)	21,228,763	65,610 km^2 (25,332 sq mi)
		Syria Syrian Arab Republic	Arabic: سورية / سوريا – الجمهورية العربية السورية‎ (Sūrīyah / Sūriyā – Al Jumhūrīyah al 'Arabīyah as Sūrīyah)	Damascus Arabic: دمشق‎ (Dimashq)	17,500,657	185,180 km^2 (71,498 sq mi)
		Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan	Tajik: Тоҷикистон – Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон (Tojikiston – Jumhurii Tojikiston)	Dushanbe Tajik: Душанбе (Dushanbe)	9,100,835	143,100 km^2 (55,251 sq mi)
		Thailand Kingdom of Thailand	Thai: ไทย – ราชอาณาจักรไทย (Thai – Ratcha Anachak Thai)	Bangkok Thai: กรุงเทพมหานคร (Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)	69,428,453	513,120 km^2 (198,117 sq mi)
		Timor-Leste/East Timor^[a] Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste	Portuguese: Timor-Leste – República Democrática de Timor-Leste Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e – Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e	Dili Portuguese: Dili Tetum: Dili	1,267,974	14,874 km^2 (5,743 sq mi)
		Turkey^[a] Republic of Turkey	Turkish: Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti	Ankara Turkish: Ankara	82,340,088	783,562 km^2 (302,535 sq mi)
		Turkmenistan	Turkmen: Türkmenistan	Ashgabat Turkmen: Aşgabat	5,850,901	488,100 km^2 (188,456 sq mi)
		United Arab Emirates	Arabic: اﻹﻣﺎرات – دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة‎ (Al Imārāt – Al Imārāt al 'Arabīyah al Muttaḩidah)	Abu Dhabi Arabic: أبوظبي‎ (Abu Dhabi)	9,630,959	83,600 km^2 (32,278 sq mi)
		Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan	Uzbek: O‘zbekiston – O‘zbekiston Respublikasi	Tashkent Uzbek: Toshkent	32,476,244	447,400 km^2 (172,742 sq mi)
		Vietnam / Viet Nam Socialist Republic of Vietnam	Vietnamese: Việt Nam – Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam	Hanoi Vietnamese: Hà Nội	96,208,984	332,698 km^2 (128,455 sq mi)
		Yemen Republic of Yemen	Arabic: اليمن – الجمهورية اليمنية‎ (Al Yaman – Al Jumhūrīyah al Yamanīyah)	Sana'a (de jure)^[h] Arabic: صنعاء‎ (Şan‘ā')	28,498,683	527,968 km^2 (203,850 sq mi)

States with limited, but substantial, international recognition

In this list, Palestine is a state with substantial international recognition and UN observer-state status but without practical control over tangible territory, while Taiwan is a de facto state with full practical sovereignty over its territory and unofficial ties with most of the international community but not widely recognized de jure. Although a founding member of the United Nations as the Republic of China, since 1971 Taiwan is no longer recognized by the United Nations.

Flag	Map	English short and formal names	Status	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population 2018 [9][10]	Area
		Palestine State of Palestine	Recognized by 138 UN member states. See International recognition of the State of Palestine. One of two United Nations non-member observer states	Arabic: فلسطين‎ (Filasṭīn)	Ramallah (de facto) Arabic: رام الله‎ (Rāmāllah) Jerusalem (declared) Arabic: القدس‎ (Al-Quds)	5,051,000	6,220 km^2 (2,402 sq mi)
		Taiwan Republic of China[6][13]	Claimed as part of the People's Republic of China. Officially recognized as sovereign by 14 UN member states and the Holy See, which deem it to be the rightful government of all of China. In addition, Taiwan maintains unofficial relations with most other countries and is de facto recognized by most sovereign states. See Political status of Taiwan for more information about the situation.	Traditional Chinese: 臺灣/台灣 – 中華民國 (Táiwān—Zhōnghuá Mínguó)	Taipei[6][7] Traditional Chinese: 台北 (Táiběi)	23,796,000	35,980 km^2 (13,892 sq mi)[14]

De facto states with little or no international recognition

The four de facto states on this list have little or no international recognition and are not members of the United Nations. All are defined as states by the declarative theory.

Flag	Map	English short and formal names	Status	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population (2011)	Area
		Abkhazia Republic of Abkhazia[15]	Claimed as an autonomous republic of Georgia.[16] Recognised by five UN states.	Abkhazian: Аҧсуа (Apswa)[15]	Sukhumi / Sukhum[15] Abkhazian: Аҟəа (Akwa)	250,000[17]	8,660 km^2 (3,344 sq mi)[16]
		Artsakh Republic of Artsakh[18]	Claimed as part of Azerbaijan.[19] Recognised only by three non-UN states.	Armenian: Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ – Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ Հանրապետություն (Lernayin Gharabaghi – Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut’yun)[18]	Stepanakert[18] Armenian: Ստեփանակերտ (Stepanakert)	141,400[20]	3,170 km^2 (1,224 sq mi)[21]
		Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus[22]	Claimed as part of the Republic of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey.[22]	Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti[23]	North Nicosia Turkish: Lefkoşa[24]	285,356[25]	3,355 km^2 (1,295 sq mi)[14]
		South Ossetia Republic of South Ossetia	Claimed as part of Georgia.[26] Recognised by five UN states.	Ossetian: Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикӕ Хуссар Ирыстон (Khussar Iryston – Respublikæ Khussar Iryston) Russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия (Yuzhnaya Osetiya – Respublika Yuzhnaya Osetiya)	Tskhinvali[26] Ossetian: Цхинвал or Чъреба (Chreba)	70,000[26]	3,900 km^2 (1,506 sq mi)[27]

Dependencies and other territories

The two territories in this list are controlled by a state of which they are not considered to be a part.

Flag	Map	English short and formal names	Status[28]	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population	Area[14]
		Akrotiri and Dhekelia The Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	British overseas territory	English: Akrotiri and Dhekelia – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia	Episkopi Cantonment English: Episkopi Cantonment[7]	15,700[29]^[e]	254 km^2 (98 sq mi)
		British Indian Ocean Territory[4][6]	British overseas territory	English: British Indian Ocean Territory	Camp Justice	4,000[30]^[f]	54,400 km^2 (21,004 sq mi)

Special areas of internal sovereignty

The following two entities are integral areas of their controlling state, but have a political arrangement that was decided through an international agreement.

Flag	Map	English short and formal names	Status[28]	Domestic short and formal names	Capital	Population	Area[14]
		Hong Kong Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China[6]	Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Traditional Chinese: 香港 – 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 English: Hong Kong – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Hong Kong	7,582,000[29]	2,755 km^2 (1,064 sq mi)
		Macau / Macao Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China[31]	Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China	Traditional Chinese: 澳門 – 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區 Portuguese: Macau – Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China	Macau / Macao[6]	693,000[29]	28.2 km^2 (10.9 sq mi)

See also

• List of Asian countries by GDP
• List of predecessors of sovereign states in Asia
• List of states with limited recognition

Notes

1. ^
   Area and population figures given are for the whole state, including areas located outside of Asia. Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey all contain territory in Europe. The border between Asia and Oceania is not clearly defined, and Indonesia and East Timor are sometimes placed in Oceania.
2. ^ ^{a b c d}
   The area and population of states with separatist regions includes that of the separatist regions.
3. ^
   Jerusalem was declared the capital of Israel in 1950.[32] The 1980 Jerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel", and the city serves as the seat of the government, home to the President's residence, government offices, supreme court, and parliament.[33] United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem.[34] Foreign countries maintain their embassies in Tel Aviv and other Israeli cities.[35]
4. ^
   Although Kuala Lumpur is the official capital of Malaysia, Putrajaya is the seat of government.[36]
5. ^
   Akrotiri and Dhekelia are British military bases, with the population including 8,000 United Kingdom personnel and dependents.[37]
6. ^
   Although the islands have no remaining indigenous inhabitants, a military base shared between the United Kingdom and the United States is located on the island of Diego Garcia, with a staff of 4,000 people.[30]
7. ^
   Represents total land area. Including claimed ocean area, total area 54,400 km² (21,004 sq mi).
8. ^
   Sana'a is the constitutional capital of Yemen, but the city and most of parts of the territory have been placed under Houthi rebel control since 2014 and is administered by the Supreme Political Council. However, Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, was also the de facto capital of its internationally recognized government, is now placed under the administration of the Southern Transitional Council since 2018 and the President of Yemen remains in exile in Saudi Arabia due to the ongoing civil war that is currently ravaging the country.

1. Although the majority of Egypt is in Africa, it could be argued that the Sinai Peninsula is geographically a part of Asia.

References

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11. Russia is a transcontinental country located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, but is considered European historically, culturally, ethnically, and politically, and the vast majority of its population (78%) lives within its European part.
12. Moscow is located in Europe.
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21. Территориальные потери Арцаха
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35. Embassies and Consulates in Israel, Israel Science and Technology Directory
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