Foreign relations of Kosovo

Kosovo
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Foreign relations of Kosovo[lower-alpha 1] are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kosovo. Kosovo operates 24 embassies abroad and is host to 21 Embassies in Pristina. Kosovo has membership in several International Organisations.

On 17 February 2008, members of the Assembly of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia. This move was controversial among the international community. International supervision over the direction of the assembly ended in September 2012,[1] and Kosovo became responsible for its own governance.[2] The Republic of Kosovo has been recognised by 98 UN member states, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the Cook Islands, and Niue. Serbia and other member states consider Kosovo as autonomous region of Serbia.

The current Foreign Minister of Kosovo is Meliza Haradinaj.

Status of diplomatic relations

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo has initiated the process of establishing diplomatic relations with all states that have recognised Republic of Kosovo, either by opening new missions or through accreditation of non-resident ambassadors to these countries.[3]

The Republic of Kosovo has established diplomatic relations with 91 countries:

Foreign relations of Kosovo
  diplomatic relations and recognition
  diplomatic recognition only
Country Establishment
of
Diplomatic
Relations[4]		 Status of
Diplomatic
Mission
in Kosovo[5]		 Status of
Diplomatic
Mission
in the country[6]		 Notes
 Afghanistan[7]17. Jun. 2013
 Antigua and Barbuda[8]24. Jul. 2019
 Albania[9][10][11]18. Feb. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Albania–Kosovo relations
 Andorra[12]14. Sep. 2011
 Australia[13][14]21. May. 2008Embassy Australia–Kosovo relations
 Austria20. Mar. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Austria–Kosovo relations
 Bahrain[15]12. Mar. 2014
 Bangladesh[16]16. Feb. 2018Embassy (to open) [17]
 Barbados[18]9. Mar. 2018
 Belgium[19]10. Apr. 2008Liaison office Embassy Belgium–Kosovo relations
 Belize[20]30. Apr. 2016
 Brunei[21]20. Feb. 2017
 Bulgaria27. May. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Bulgaria–Kosovo relations
 Burkina Faso[22]6. Dec. 2012
 Canada[23]7. Apr. 2009Embassy
 Chad[24] 27. May. 2018
 Republic of China (Taiwan)[25][26]19. Feb. 2008
 Cook Islands[27]18. May. 2015
 Colombia 3. Mar. 2019 Embassy (to open) [28]
 Costa Rica[29][30]23. Sep. 2013
 Croatia[31]30. Jun. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Croatia–Kosovo relations
 Czech Republic[32]16. Jun. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Czech Republic–Kosovo relations
 Denmark[33]6. Mar. 2008[4]Liaison office Denmark–Kosovo relations
 Djibouti[34]22. Mar. 2013
 El Salvador[35]17. Oct. 2014
 Estonia[36]24. Apr. 2008 Estonia–Kosovo relations
 Fiji[37]13. Feb. 2013
 Finland[38]2. Feb. 2009Embassy Finland–Kosovo relations
 France18. Feb. 2008EmbassyEmbassy France–Kosovo relations
 Gabon[39]5. Mar. 2014
 Gambia[40]23. Sep. 2016
 Germany27. Feb. 2008EmbassyEmbassy German–Kosovan relations
 Ghana[41]4. Oct. 2012
 Guinea[42]20. Feb. 2020
 Guinea-Bissau[43]19. Jun. 2018
 Guyana[44]13. Jun. 2013
 Honduras[45]2. Dec. 2010
 Hungary[46]27. Jun. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Hungary–Kosovo relations
 Iceland[47]15. May. 2012
 Ireland11. Nov. 2008 Ireland–Kosovo relations
 Israel4. Sep. 2020Embassy

(to open)

 Israel–Kosovo relations
 Italy[48]15. May. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Italy–Kosovo relations
 Ivory Coast[49]24. Aug. 2016
 Japan[50][51]25. Feb. 2009Liaison office Embassy (to open) Embassy Japan–Kosovo relations
 Jordan[52]5. Jun. 2013
 Kuwait[53]16. Jan. 2013
 Latvia[54]11. Jun. 2008 Kosovo–Latvia relations
 Liberia [24] 27. May. 2018 Embassy (to open)[55]
 Libya[56]14. May. 2014
 Liechtenstein[3][57]28. Jun. 2012 Kosovo–Liechtenstein relations
 Lithuania[58]1. Sep. 2008 Kosovo–Lithuania relations
 Luxembourg[59]16. Jun. 2011Embassy
 Malawi[60]20. Jul. 2016
 Malaysia[61][62]23. Mar. 2011 Kosovo–Malaysia relations
 Maldives[63]16. Apr. 2013 Kosovo–Maldives relations
 Malta[64]22. Sep. 2011
 Marshall Islands[65]27. Oct. 2013
 Mauritania[66]10. Feb. 2016
 Micronesia[67]19. Sep. 2013
 Monaco[68]19. Mar. 2008
 Montenegro[69]15. Jan. 2010EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–Montenegro relations
 Nauru[70][71]23. Apr. 2008
 Netherlands27. Jun. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–Netherlands relations
 New Zealand[72]9. Nov. 2009
 Niger[73]25. Jan. 2013
 Niue[74]23. Jun. 2015
 North Macedonia[75]18. Oct. 2009EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–North Macedonia relations
 Norway2. Oct. 2008Embassy Kosovo–Norway relations
 Oman[76]4. Feb. 2011
 Pakistan[77]27. Jan. 2013Liaison office Kosovo-Pakistan relations
 Panama[78]27. Aug. 2013Embassy
 Portugal[79]14. Nov. 2011Embassy [80][81] Kosovo-Portugal relations
 Qatar[82]7. Jan. 2011Embassy (to open)
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[83]5. Mar. 2016
 Saint Lucia[84]26. Mar. 2019
 Samoa[85]10. Mar. 2017
 San Marino[86][87]3. May. 2012
 Saudi Arabia[88][89]7. Aug. 2009Embassy Kosovo–Saudi Arabia relations
 Senegal[90]15. Feb. 2014Embassy[91]
 Singapore[92]1. Dec. 2016 Kosovo–Singapore relations
 Sierra Leone[93]24. Nov. 2015
 Slovenia15. May. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–Slovenia relations
 Somalia[94]6. Jun. 2015
 Sweden[95][96]28. Mar. 2008Embassy Embassy Kosovo–Sweden relations
  Switzerland28. Mar. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–Switzerland relations
 Tanzania[97]2. Apr. 2014Embassy (to open) [17]
 Thailand[98][99]22. Nov. 2013Embassy [100][101][102] Kosovo–Thailand relations
 Togo[103]21. Jul. 2014
 Turkey18. Feb. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–Turkey relations
 Tuvalu[104]23. Mar. 2019
 United Arab Emirates[105][106]27. Apr. 2010Embassy [100] Kosovo–United Arab Emirates relations
 United Kingdom18 Feb. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–United Kingdom relations
 United States18. Feb. 2008EmbassyEmbassy Kosovo–United States relations
 Vanuatu[107]23. Sep. 2010

Membership in international organisations
Main article: Membership of Kosovo in international organizations
See also: Membership of Kosovo in international sports federations

Enver Hoxhaj, Kosovo's Minister of Foreign Affairs during 2011–14 and 2016–17, stated in November 2013 that the country was considering making applications for membership in three United Nations specialized agencies in the first half of 2013,[108] and that an application for membership of the Council of Europe in 2014 was being prepared.[109] Deputy Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi reiterated the state's desire to join in December 2014.[110] Kosovo is also preparing a membership application for the World Trade Organization.[111] Joining NATO's Partnership for Peace is a priority of the government.[112]

Hoxhaj said in 2014 that Kosovo's goal is to be a full UN member state by 2020 and a NATO member state by 2022.[113][114]

International Organisation Political Entity Represented Application date Admission date Status
Regional Cooperation Council (RCC)[115] Kosovo*[116][117][118] Member[119]
Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI) UNMIK Observer[120]
South East Europe Transport Observatory (SEETO) Kosovo* and UNMIK[121][122] 11 June 2004[123] Member
Energy Community Kosovo*[124][125] 1 July 2006 Member
European Common Aviation Area (ECAA) UNMIK 30 November 2006 Member
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) UNMIK 6 April 2006 26 July 2007[126] Member
After the Declaration of the Independence
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Republic of Kosovo 10 July 2008[127] 29 June 2009[128] Member
World Bank (WB) Republic of Kosovo 10 July 2008[129] 29 June 2009[130] Member
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ERBD) Republic of Kosovo[131] 2010 or 2009[132] 17 December 2012[133] Member
Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) Republic of Kosovo 14 June 2013[134] Member
Council of Bureaux (CoBx) Republic of Kosovo 2011[135] Applicant
Adriatic Charter Republic of Kosovo 29 March 2012[136] Applicant
NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) Republic of Kosovo July 2012[137] Applicant
Council of Europe Venice Commission Republic of Kosovo 13 June 2014[138] Member
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) Republic of Kosovo[139] 29 November 2014[140] Observer
South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) Kosovo*[141] 23 May 2015[142] Member
Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units Republic of Kosovo 1 February 2017[143] Member
World Customs Organization (WCO) Republic of Kosovo 3 March 2017[144] Member
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Republic of Kosovo 6 November 2015[145] 5 January 2016[146][147] Member
European Qualifications Framework Advisory Group (EQF) Republic of Kosovo 18 December 2015[148][149][150] Member
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) Republic of Kosovo April 2015[151] Applicant
Bureau of International Expositions (BIE) Republic of Kosovo 18 March 2017[152] Member
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (Observer status) Republic of Kosovo 5 May 2018[153][154] Applicant
Assemblée parlementaire de la francophonie (APF) Republic of Kosovo 9 July 2018[155][156] Observer
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) (Associate status) Republic of Kosovo 9 October 2018[157] 11 October 2018[158] Associate

Names used to represent Kosovo

Map of the Republic of Kosovo

Kosovo is represented under the name:

  • "Republic of Kosovo";
  • "Kosovo*" (with an asterisk),

depending on the particular international forum. A list is set out above. The name "Republic of Kosovo" is self-explanatory and is the preferred nomenclature of the Pristina Government. The name "Kosovo*" with an asterisk is used in other fora. Where this name is used, the asterisk is linked to a footnote which reads:

This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSC 1244 as an autonomous teritory [sic?] of Serbia and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.

This "Kosovo*" designation was the outcome of an arrangement agreed to between Pristina and Belgrade in talks mediated by the European Union. This arrangement, which has been dubbed the "asterisk agreement" was agreed in an 11-point arrangement agreed on 24 February 2012.[159]

"UNMIK" is an acronmym for the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, which has joined several organizations on behalf of Kosovo.

International treaties and conventions

International treaty or convention Political Entity Represented Signature Ratification
Free Trade Agreement with Albania UNMIK 7 July 2003[160] 1 October 2003[161]
Free Trade Agreement with North Macedonia UNMIK 2 February 2006[161]
Free Trade Agreement with Croatia UNMIK 28 September 2006[161] 1 November 2006[161][162]
Free Trade Agreement with Bosnia and Herzegovina UNMIK 19 October 2006[161] 1 December 2006[161][162]
EU Pan-EURO-MED RoO convention[163] Kosovo under UNSCR 1244

See also

Annotations

  1. Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognized as an independent state by 98 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 113 UN member states recognized Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition.

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