List of states during Late Antiquity

Late Antiquity is a historiographical term for the historical period from c. 200 AD to c. 700 AD, which marks the transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Precise boundaries for the period are a matter of debate, but historian Peter Brown proposed a period between the 2nd and 8th centuries. While generally, it can be thought of as from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (c. 235 – 284) to the re-organization of the Eastern Roman Empire under Heraclius and the Muslim conquests in the mid-7th century, for the purposes of this page it will be considered the period 200 to 700 AD.

This article is about the period from 200 to 700 AD. For the preceding article, see List of Classical Age states. For the succeeding article, see List of states during the Middle Ages.
Ancient history
Preceded by prehistory
Near East
Sumer · Kish · Egypt · Elam · Ebla · Akkad · Canaan · Assyria · Babylonia · Qatna · Yamhad · Mitanni · Hittites · Sea Peoples · Anatolia · Israel and Judah · Arabia · Berbers · Phoenicia · Persia
Europe
Minoans · Greece · Illyrians · Argaric · Nuragic · Tartessos · Iberia · Celts · Germanics · Etruscans · Rome · Slavs · Daco-Thracians
Horn of Africa
Land of Punt · Opone · Macrobia · Kingdom of Dʿmt · Axumite Empire · Mosylon · Sarapion
Eurasian Steppe
Proto-Indo-Europeans · Afanasievo · Indo-Iranians · Scythia · Tocharians · Huns · Xionites · Turks
East Asia
China · Japan · Korea · Mongolia
South Asia
History of India · Outline of ancient India · Indus Valley Civilisation · Vedic period · Mahajanapadas · Nanda Empire · Maurya Empire · Satavahana dynasty · Sangam period · Middle Kingdoms · Gupta Empire
Mississippi and Oasisamerica
Adena · Hopewell · Mississippian · Puebloans
Mesoamerica
Olmecs · Epi-Olmec · Zapotec · Mixtec · Maya · Teotihuacan · Toltec Empire
Andes
Norte Chico · Sechin · Chavín · Paracas · Nazca · Moche · Lima · Tiwanaku · Wari
West Africa
Dhar Tichitt · Oualata · Nok · Senegambia · Djenné-Djenno · Bantu · Ghana Empire
Southeast Asia and Oceania
Vietnam · Austronesians · Australia · Polynesia · Funan · Tarumanagara
See also

Human history · Ancient maritime history
Protohistory · Axial Age · Iron Age
Historiography · Ancient literature
Ancient warfare · Cradle of civilization

  • Category
Followed by Post-classical history

This list's the main types state that existed in Africa, Americas, Central Asia, East Asia, Europe, Eurasian Steppe, South Asia, and West Asia.

Political entities
Map of the Old World in 477 AD
LocationNameCapital(s)State typeExisted
Africa: CentralSao civilisationVariousTribal city states6th century BC – 16th century AD
Africa: NorthGaramantesGaramaTribal Confederation/Empire500 BC – 700 AD
Africa: North; Asia: West; Europe: WestUmayyad CaliphateDammascus, HarranEmpire661 – 750 AD
Africa: North, Europe: SouthVandal KingdomCarthageKingdom435 – 534 AD
Africa: NortheastKingdom of AksumAksumKingdomc.100 – c.940 AD
Africa: NortheastAlodiaSobaEmpire680 – 1504 AD
Africa: NortheastBlemmyesTribal Kingdom600 BC – 8th century AD
Africa: NortheastKushKerma; Napata; MeroeKingdom1070 BC – 350 AD
Africa: NortheastMakuriaDongolaKingdom340 – 1312 AD
Africa: NortheastNobatiaPachorasKingdom350 – 650 AD
Africa: NorthwestGaetuliaTribal confederationc. 350 BC – 550 AD
Africa: NorthwestGarmulAltavaKingdom530 – 578 AD
Africa: NorthwestMauretaniaJulia CaesaraKingdom/Client Kingdom285 BC – 431 AD
Africa: WestGhana EmpireKoumbi SalehEmpirec. 400 – 1235 AD
Africa: WestNok cultureVariousTribal Chiefdoms/Kingdom1000 BC – 300 AD
Americas: CentralMayaVariousKingdom City States2000 BC – 900AD
Americas: CentralZapotecVariousKingdom City States700 BC – 1521 AD
Americas: NorthPuebloVariousTribal chiefdom's12th century BC – 14th century AD
Americas: NorthTeotihuacan EmpireTeotihuacanEmpire100 BC – 8th century AD
Americas: SouthCañariTumebambaTribal Confederacy500 – 1533 AD
Americas: SouthMocheMoche-Trujillo.United Independent Polities100 – 800 AD
Americas: SouthNazcaVariousTribal chiefdom's100 BC – 800 AD
Americas: SouthTiwanaku empireTiwanakuEmpire300 – 1000 AD
Americas: SouthWari EmpireHuariEmpire500 – 1100 AD
Europe: BalkansAvar KhaganateKhaganate567 – 804 AD
Europe: BalkansBasternaeVariousTribal Confederation200 BC – 300AD
Europe: Balkans, Asia: West; Africa: NortheastByzantine EmpireConstantinopleEmpire395 – 1453 AD
Europe: BalkansFirst Bulgarian EmpirePliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018)Empire681 – 1018 AD
Europe: BalkansGepidsSirmiumKingdom454 – 567 AD
Europe: BalkansGetaeTribal Kingdom7th century BC – 4th century AD
Europe: BalkansNarentinesTribal chiefdom/countship/dukedom6th – 10th centuries AD
Europe: BalkansPaeoniaPrincipality/Kingdom/Client535 BC – 681 AD
Europe: BalkansPrincipality of SerbiaPrincipality7th – 10th centuries
Europe: British IslesAilechGrianán AilighKingdom450 – 1283 AD
Europe: British IslesAirgíallaClogherTribal Federation/Kingdom331 – 1590 AD
Europe: British IslesBerniciaBamburghKingdom420 – 634 AD
Europe: British IslesKingdom of BreifneCroghanKingdom700 – 1256 AD
Europe: British IslesBrycheiniogTalgarthKingdom450 – 1045 AD
Europe: British IslesCaiTribal kingdom25 – 871 AD
Europe: British IslesCeTribal kingdom1st century – 900 AD
Europe: British IslesCeredigionKingdom475 – 680 AD
Europe: British IslesConnachtTribal chiefdom/kingdomc. 10th century BC – 1474 AD
Europe: British IslesCornoviiTribal kingdom4th century BC – 343 AD
Europe: British IslesDál RiataDunaddKingdom501 – 878 AD
Europe: British IslesDeiraYorkKingdom559 – 664 AD
Europe: British IslesDumnoniaIsca DumnoniorumDukedom/principality290 – 875 AD
Europe: British IslesDyfedKingdom410 – 910 AD
Europe: British IslesKingdom of East AngliaRendlesham, DommocKingdom6th C – 918 AD
Europe: British IslesFortriuTribal kingdom1 – 850 AD
Europe: British IslesGlywysingCardiffKingdom490 – 1063 AD
Europe: British IslesGododdinKingdom5th – 8th century AD
Europe: British IslesGwentCaerwent, Porth-is-CoedKingdom420 – 1081 AD
Europe: British IslesGwyneddVariousKingdom420 – 1261 AD
Europe: British IslesHaestingasHastingsTribal kingdom6th century – 771 AD
Europe: British IslesIverniIvernisTribal federated chiefdom's500 BC – 400 AD
Europe: British IslesKentDurovernumKingdom455 – 871 AD
Europe: British IslesLeinsterKingdom436 – 1632 AD
Europe: British IslesLindseyLindumKingdom/Client410 – 775 AD
Europe: British IslesMeathDublinKingdom1st century – 1173 AD
Europe: British IslesMerciaTamworthKingdom527 – 918 AD
Europe: British IslesKingdom of NorthumbriaBamburghKingdom653 – 954 AD
Europe: British IslesOsraigeKilkennyKingdom150 – 1185 AD
Europe: British IslesPictlandKingdom250 BC – 850 AD[1]
Europe: British IslesPowysVariousKingdom488 – 1160 AD
Europe: British IslesRhegedKingdom550 – 650 AD
Europe: British IslesStrathclydeDumbarton, GovanKingdom450 – 1093 AD
Europe: British IslesSussexSelseyKingdom477 – 860 AD
Europe: British IslesTyrconnellDun na nGallKingdom464 – 1607 AD
Europe: British IslesUí FailgheRathangan, DaingeanKingdom507 – 1550 AD
Europe: British IslesUlsterKingdom465 – 1177 AD
Europe: British IslesWessexWinchesterKingdom519 – 1018 AD
Europe: East; Asia, CentralBarsilsTribal union600 – 700 AD
Europe: EastBulgarsBalkh/PhanagoriaTribal confederationc. 5th century – 7th century AD
Europe: EastCimmerian BosporusPanticapaeumKingdom/Client480 BC – 370 AD
Europe: EastGeloniaGelonosTribal kingdom5th century BC – 5th century AD
Europe: East, West, Central, BalkansHunnic EmpireTribal Empire370s – 469 AD
Europe: East; Asia: CentralHunsNomadic confederation1st century – 370 AD
Europe: East; Asia, Central; Eurasian: CaucasusKhazar KhaganateVariousNomadic Kingdom618 – 1048 AD
Europe: EastKutrigursNomadic confederation/client453 – 8th century AD
Europe: EastMagyarTribal Confederation/Principality1100 BC – 895 AD
Europe: EastOld Great BulgariaPhanagoriaKingdom632 – 668 AD
Europe: EastSarmatiansTarki (Makhachkala)Tribal Confederation450BC – 400 AD
Europe: EastVenedaeTribal Confederation400 BC – 7th century AD
Europe: EastVolga BulgariaBolghar, BilärKingdom660 – 1236 AD
Europe: SouthDuchy of Benevento after 774, Principality of BeneventoBeneventoDukedom/Principality/Client571 – 1074 AD
Europe: SouthKingdom of the LombardsPaviaKingdom568 – 774 AD
Europe: SouthOdoacer's KingdomRavennaKingdom476 – 493 AD
Europe: SouthOstrogothic KingdomRavennaKingdom493 – 553 AD
Europe: South, West, Balkans, British Isles; Africa: North; Asia: WestRoman EmpireRome, ConstantinopleEmpire27 BC – 1453 AD
Europe: SouthSan MarinoSan MarinoRepublic301 AD – present
Europe: SouthDuchy of TridentumBeneventoDukedom/Principality574 – 1802 AD
Europe: SouthRepublic of VeniceVeniceRepublic697 – 1797 AD
Europe: WestAlamanniaKingdom213 AD – 496 AD
Europe: WestAlemanniTribal Confederation85 BC – 213 AD
Europe: WestArmoricaKingdom/dukedom343 – 1532 AD
Europe: WestAustrasiaMetzKingdom511 – 751 AD
Europe: WestBavariaDukedom508 – 788 AD
Europe: WestKingdom of the BurgundiansBorbetomagus, LugdunumKingdom410 – 534 AD
Europe: WestCarantaniaKarnburgPrincipality658 – 828 AD
Europe: WestCornouaillePrincipality430 – 1084 AD
Europe: WestFranciaTournai, ParisKingdom/Empire481 – 843 AD
Europe: WestFranksVariousTribal Confederation210 – 481 AD
Europe: WestFrisian KingdomDorestad, UtrechtKingdom600 – 734 AD
Europe: WestKingdom of GaliciaSantiago de CompostelaKingdom409 – 1833 AD
Europe: West, British IslesGallic EmpireColonia Agrippina, Augusta TreverorumEmpire260 – 274 AD
Europe: WestPoherVorgiumPrincipality520 – 936 AD
Europe: WestRaetia CuriensisChurBishopric (religious state)452 – 1160 AD
Europe: WestRugilandVindobonaKingdom467 – 487 AD
Europe: WestSaxons (Continental)Tribal confederation5th century BC – 754 AD
Europe: WestKingdom of SoissonsNoviodunumKingdom457 – 486 AD
Europe: WestSuebiTribal Confederation60 BC – 409 AD
Europe: WestKingdom of the SuebiBragaKingdom409 – 585 AD
Europe: WestDuchy of ThuringiaDuchy631 – 1440 AD
Europe: WestVandalsTribal chiefdoms2nd century BC – 409 AD
Europe: WestVisigothic KingdomVariousKingdom418 – 720 AD
Europe: South, West, British Isles; Africa: NorthWestern Roman EmpireMediolanum, RavennaEmpire395 – 476 AD
Eurasian: CaucasusArminiyaDvinPrincipality/client653 – 884 AD
Eurasian: CaucasusCaspianeTribal Kingdom/Client650 BC – 387 AD
Eurasian: CaucasusCaucasian AlbaniaKabalak, PartavKingdom/Client65 BC – 628 AD
Eurasian: CaucasusKingdom of IberiaVariousKingdom302 BC – 580 AD
Eurasian: CaucasusPrincipality of IberiaTbilisiPrincipality580 – 891 AD
Eurasian: CaucasusLazicaPhasisKingdom/client1st century BC – 7th century AD
Eurasian: CaucasusSarirHumrajKingdom/Client453 – 12th century AD
Asia: WestAdiabeneArbelaKingdom/Client15 – 310 AD
Asia: WestArabaHatraKingdom3rd century BC – 300AD
Asia: WestArmeniaVanKingdom553 BC – 428AD
Asia: WestAtropateneGanzakKingdom/Client320 BC – 226AD
Asia: WestCarmaniaKingdom/client600 BC – 651 AD
Asia: WestCharaceneCharax SpasinouKingdom127 BC – 222 AD
Asia: WestCorduenePrincipality/kingdom/client800 BC – 653 AD
Asia: WestElymaisSusaKingdom/Client147 BC – 224 AD
Asia: WestGardmanParisosPrincipality/Kingdom/Client66 – 428 AD
Asia: WestGhassanidBalka, Harith, Petra, SideirKingdom/Client220 – 712 AD
Asia: WestHadhramautKingdom700 BC – 320 AD
Asia: WestKindahQaryat Dhāt KāhilTribal kingdom2nd century BC – 525 AD
Asia: WestLakhmidsAl-HirahKingdom300 – 602 AD
Asia: WestOsroeneEdessaKingdom/Client134 BC – 244 AD
Asia: WestPalmyrene EmpirePalmyraEmpire260 – 273 AD
Asia: WestParthian EmpireCtesiphonEmpire247 BC – 224 AD
Asia: West; Africa, NortheastRashidun CaliphateMedina, KuffaEmpire632 – 661 AD
Asia: West, Central, Eurasian: CaucasusSasanian EmpireEstakhr, CtesiphonEmpire224 – 637 AD
Asia: WestZabdicenePrincipality/client780 BC – 5th century AD
Asia: CentralAfrighidsKathKingdom/Client305 – 995 AD
Asia: CentralDayuanKingdom/Client329 BC – 280 AD
Asia: CentralFerganaKhokandKingdom220 BC – 590 AD
Asia: CentralHephthalite EmpireVariousEmpire408 – 670 AD
Asia: CentralKangjuTribal Federation280 BC – 585 AD
Asia: CentralKashgarKashgarKingdom/Client80 – 850 AD
Asia: CentralKhotanKhotanKingdom56 – 1006 AD
Asia: CentralKuchaKuchaBuddhist Kingdom46 – 658 AD
Asia: Central, EastRouran KhaganateConfederation330 – 555 AD
Asia: CentralSumpaTribal chiefdom/client1600 BC – 7th century AD
Asia: East, CentralTang dynastyChang'an, LuoyangEmpire618 – 907 AD
Asia: Central, EastTibetan EmpireLhasa, Pho brangEmpire618 – 907 AD
Asia: CentralTurgesh KhaganateBalasagunNomadic Empire699 – 766 AD
Asia: Central, EastFirst Turkic KhaganateOrdu BaliqConfederation552 – 747 AD
Asia: CentralTurpanTurpanBuddhist Kingdom480 – 640 AD
Asia: CentralTuyuhunFuqiNomadic Kingdom285 – 670 AD
Asia: CentralXionitesTribal federation320 – late 5th century AD
Asia: SouthAnuradhapuraAnuradhapuraKingdom377 BC – 1017 AD
Asia: SouthAyAykudiKingdom4th century BC – 12th century AD
Asia: SouthKingdom of BumthangChakhar GuthoKingdom7th – 17th centuries AD
Asia: SouthChera KingdomKingdom5th century BC – 1102 AD
Asia: SouthEastern ChalukyasVengi, RajamundryKingdom624 – 1129 AD
Asia: SouthGauda KingdomKarnasuvarnaKingdom590 – 626 AD
Asia: SouthGupta EmpirePataliputraEmpire320 – 620 AD
Asia: SouthGurjara-PratiharaKannaujEmpire650 – 1036 AD
Asia: SouthHarshaKanaujEmpire606 – 647 AD
Asia: SouthIndo-ScythiansSigal, Taxila, MathuraKingdom200 BC – 400 AD
Asia: SouthKabul ShahiKabul, WaihindKingdom/Empire6th century – 1026 AD
Asia: SouthKamarupaVariousKingdom350 – 1140 AD
Asia: SouthKunindaShravastiKingdom500 BC – 300 AD
Asia: South, CentralKushan EmpireVariousEmpire30 – 375 AD
Asia: SouthMaitrakaVallabhiEmpire475 – 767 AD
Asia: SouthMaukhariKannaujEmpire550s – 8th century AD
Asia: SouthMushikaEzhimalaiKingdom3rd century BC – 4th century AD
Asia: SouthPallava EmpireKanchiEmpire250 BC – 800 AD
Asia: SouthPundraPundravardhanaKingdom1300 BC – 550 AD
Asia: SouthRai dynastyArorEmpire489 – 690 AD
Asia: SouthRajarataVariousKingdom377 BC – 1310 AD
Asia: SouthRuhunaMagamaPrincipality200 BC – 450 AD
Asia: SouthSatavahana EmpireVatsagulmaEmpire250 – 500 AD
Asia: SouthVakataka EmpireAmaravatiEmpire230 BC – 230 AD
Asia: SouthVangaGangeKingdom1300 BC – 580 AD
Asia: SouthVishnukundinaIndrapalanagaraEmpire420 – 624 AD
Asia: SouthWestern Ganga dynastyKolar, TalakadKingdom350 – 1000 AD
Asia: SouthWestern SatrapsOzone, BarygazaKingdom35 – 405 AD
Asia: SoutheastBruneian EmpireVariousEmpire7th century – 1888 AD
Asia: SoutheastChampaVariousKingdom192 – 1832 AD
Asia: SoutheastChenla KingdomBhavapura, IsanapuraKingdom550 – 706 AD
Asia: SoutheastChi TuKingdom100 BC – 7th century AD
Asia: SoutheastFunanVariousKingdom60 – 550 AD
Asia: SoutheastGangga NegaraGangga NegaraKingdom2nd – 11th centuries AD
Asia: SoutheastLangkasukaKedah, PattaniKingdom100 – 1516 AD
Asia: SoutheastLavo KingdomLavo, AyodhayaKingdom450 – 1388 AD
Asia: SoutheastMelayu KingdomJambiKingdom4th – 13th centuries AD
Asia: SoutheastPyu city-statesSri KsetraFederated City States250 BC – 1085 AD
Asia: SoutheastSunda KingdomVariousKingdom669 – 1579 AD
Asia: SoutheastTarumanagaraSundapuraKingdom358 – 669 AD
Asia: SoutheastThaton KingdomThatonKingdom300 BC – 1085 AD
Asia: Southeast, VietnamVạn XuânLongbianKingdom544 – 602 AD
Asia: East, ChinaCao WeiVariousKingdom220 – 265 AD
Asia: East, ChinaCheng HanChengduKingdom304 – 347 AD
Asia: East, ChinaChouchiLüeyangPrincipality184 – 511 AD
Asia: East, ChinaDuanTribal Chiefdom/Dukedom250 – 338 AD
Asia: East, ChinaEastern WuWuchang, JianyeKingdom229 – 280 AD
Asia: East, ChinaFormer ZhaoLishiKingdom304 – 329 AD
Asia: East, ChinaHan EmpireVariousEmpire206 BC – 220 AD
Asia: East, ChinaKhitansShangjingKingdom/Client388 – 1211 AD
Asia: East, ChinaLiu Song dynastyJiankangEmpire420 – 479 AD
Asia: East, ChinaNorthern LiangJiankangKingdom/Client397 – 460 AD
Asia: East, ChinaNorthern WeiShengleEmpire386 – 585 AD
Asia: East, ChinaShu HanChengduKingdom221 – 263 AD
Asia: East, ChinaSouthern QiJiankangKingdom477 – 502 AD
Asia: East, ChinaWestern QinYongshichengKingdom385 – 431 AD
Asia: East, ChinaXianbei stateNomadic (Empire)93 – 234 AD
Asia: East, JapanJapanVariousEmpire660 BC – present
Asia: East, JapanYamataiKingdom1st century – 3rd century AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaBaekjeVariousKingdom18 BC – 660 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaBalhaeDongmoEmpire698 – 926 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaBuyeoBuyeoseongKingdom189 BC – 494 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaDongyeChiefdom3rd century BC – 5th century AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaGaya confederacyGayaConfederacy42 – 562 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaGoguryeoVariousKingdom37 BC – 668 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaMahan confederacyCheonanConfederacy98 BC – 250 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaOkjeoTribal state2nd century BC – 5th century AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaSamhanConfederacy1st century BC – 4th century AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaSiljikKingdom102 – 6th century AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaSillaGyeongjuKingdom55 BC – 935 AD
Asia: East, Korean PeninsulaUsanKingdom512 – 930 AD

See also

References
  1. Salway, Peter. "Gaelic Kingdoms: Kingdoms of Caledonia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
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