Masked finfoot
The masked finfoot or Asian finfoot (Heliopais personatus) is an aquatic bird from the fresh and brackish wetlands of the eastern Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Malaysia and Indonesia. Like the rest of the family, the African finfoot and the sungrebe, the relationship to other birds is poorly understood.
| Masked finfoot | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Gruiformes |
| Family: | Heliornithidae |
| Genus: | Heliopais Sharpe, 1893 |
| Species: | H. personatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Heliopais personatus (G.R. Gray, 1849) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Podica personata Gray, 1849 | |
Description
The masked finfoot is an underwater specialist with a long neck, a striking sharp beak and lobed feet which are green. The male and female both have a black mask and eyebrow that contrasts with a white eyering and lateral cervical stripe. The rest of the neck is grey, the breast is pale and the back, wings and tail are rich brown. The males have an all black chin while the females have a white chin.
Habits and range
The masked finfoot can be found in a range of habitats across the eastern Indian subcontinent through to Malaysia and Indonesia in a variety of fresh to brackish wetlands. This range includes forest, wooded savannah, flooded forest, and even mangrove swamps.
The finfoot feeds on aquatic invertebrates, including both adults and larval mayflies, dragonflies, crustaceans, also snails, fish and amphibians. They are thought to be highly opportunistic and take some of their prey directly off the waters surface. They are adept out of water and will forage on the banks as well, unlike the grebes, which they resemble but are not related to.
Finfoots are not gregarious in habits and are usually seen singly or in pairs. They are very secretive. Even experienced ornithologists see them very rarely, making them a prized sighting for birders and twitchers. Because they are so elusive, it is not known if they spend most of their time in the water, where they are almost always seen, or on land.
The breeding biology is poorly known. It is thought to coincide with the rainy season. In Bangladesh, the breeding season was observed to extend from June to September.[2] They build a pad-shaped nest of small sticks low above water. The nests are occasionally seen to have few long leaves, grass and reeds.[2] Three to seven eggs are laid.[2] The chicks are dark grey in colour with a white spot on the tip of the beak. The chicks are fed with fish and shrimps. The chicks leave the nest shortly after hatching.[2]
Status and conservation
The masked finfoot is considered endangered and declining, with fewer than 2,500 birds estimated to be the world population, and populations are fragmented. Threats are human disturbance and habitat loss. The bird is protected in Malaysia.
References
- BirdLife International (2012). "Heliopais personatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- G. Neumann-Denzau E. Fahrni Mansur & R. Mansur (2008). "Nests, eggs, hatchlings and behaviour of the Masked Finfoot Heliopais personatus from the Sundarbans in Bangladesh, with first nesting observations" (PDF). Forktail. 24: 92–99.
- Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume Three, Hoatzin to Auks; de Hoyo, Elliot and Sargatal, ISBN 84-87334-20-2