Milan Kučan

Milan Kučan (pronounced [ˈmíːlaŋ ˈkúːtʃan];[1][2] born 14 January 1941) is a Slovene politician who served as the first President of Slovenia from 23 December 1991 until 22 December 2002. Before being president of Slovenia, he was the 13th President of the Presidency of SR Slovenia from 10 May 1990 to 23 December 1991.

Milan Kučan
Milan Kučan in October 2001
1st President of Slovenia
In office 23 December 1991 – 22 December 2002
Prime Minister	Lojze Peterle Janez Drnovšek Andrej Bajuk Janez Drnovšek Anton Rop
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Janez Drnovšek
13th President of the Presidency of Slovenia
In office 10 May 1990 – 23 December 1991
Prime Minister	Dušan Šinigoj Lojze Peterle
Preceded by	Janez Stanovnik
Succeeded by	Office abolished
7th President of the League of Communists of Slovenia
In office May 1986 – December 1989
Preceded by	Andrej Marinc
Succeeded by	Ciril Ribičič
Personal details
Born	14 January 1941 Križevci, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Slovenia)
Nationality	Slovene
Political party	Social Democratic (1991–present)
Other political affiliations	League of Communists of Yugoslavia (until 1991)
Spouse(s)	Štefka Kučan (married 1964)
Children	2

Kučan also served as the 7th President of the League of Communists of Slovenia from May 1986 until December 1989.

Early life and political beginnings

Kučan, one of five children, was born in a teachers' family. He was raised in the village of Križevci, located in the largely agrarian border region of Prekmurje in the Drava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (present-day Slovenia). His father Koloman Kučan (1911–1944)[3] died during World War II. Kučan's family spent World War II in occupied Serbia, where over 58,000 other Slovenians were resettled from Slovenia by the Nazis.

He later studied law at the University of Ljubljana and soon became involved in the Communist political organizations of the time. In 1968, he became the president of the Slovenian Youth Association, then secretary of the Socialist Alliance of the Working People of Slovenia (a central organization, created to unite all civil society associations under one roof) between 1974 and 1978. He rose to speaker of the National Assembly in 1978, and in 1982 he became representative for the Slovenian Communists in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia's Central Committee in Belgrade.

In May 1986, he became the leader of the League of Communists of Slovenia. At that time, liberal and democratic sentiment started to grow in Slovenia, as opposed to the political atmosphere of Belgrade and Serbia under Slobodan Milošević. Advocating in favour of human rights and European democratic values and principles, Kučan, his party and Slovenia faced increasingly severe political confrontations with Belgrade and Serbia.[4] On 23 January 1990, Kučan and the Slovenian delegation left the Party Congress. This was one of the factors that eventually led to the collapse of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, one of the pillars of the political system of the Socialist Yugoslavia.

Political career

Kučan with Vladimir Putin in 2002

Slovenia was the first of the federal units of Yugoslavia to introduce multi-party democracy and the first multi-party elections were held in April 1990. Kučan was elected President of the Presidency, then a collective body, in 1990, in a ballot against the DEMOS candidate Jože Pučnik.

Kučan strongly opposed the preservation of Yugoslavia through violent means. After the concept of a loose confederation had failed to gain support by the republics of Yugoslavia, Kučan favoured a controlled process of non-violent disassociation that would enable the collaboration of the former Yugoslav nations on a new, different basis.

Slovenia declared its independence on 25 June 1991. In his speech on the occasion, Kučan ended with the words: "Today dreams are allowed, tomorrow is a new day." On June 26, Yugoslav army embarked on troop movements that later escalated into the Ten-Day War. At the peace talks began at Brioni, with the European Community as a mediator, the Army started its withdrawal from Slovenia. Kučan represented Slovenia at the peace conference on former Yugoslavia in the Hague and Brussels which concluded that the former Yugoslav nations were free to determine their future as independent states. On May 22, 1992 Kučan represented Slovenia as it became a new member of the United Nations.

After the independence and the international recognition of Slovenia, Kučan was elected as the first President of Slovenia in 1992 with the support of the citizens list. He won another five-year term in 1997-2002, running again as an independent and again winning the majority in the first round.

His presidency ended in December 2002. He was succeeded as President by Janez Drnovšek.

In March 2003 Slovenia held two referendums on joining the EU and NATO. Milan Kučan took an active part in campaigning for these memberships, in order for Slovenia to achieve the goals it had set upon its independence. In May 2004, Slovenia became a full member of both the EU and NATO.

Kučan at the 2010 state commemoration of the Reformation day with Danilo Türk and Borut Pahor

Since November 2004, Kučan has been a member of the Club of Madrid,[5] an association of former democratic statesmen that works to strengthen democratic governance. He chairs the International Collegium together with Michel Rocard, former French Prime Minister. Since 2004 he is the chairman of Forum 21, a Slovene left-wing think-tank reflecting on issues of relevance for the future development of Slovenia and its position in a global society.

Kučan is also a Member of the European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation, a not-for-profit organization established in 2008 to monitor tolerance in Europe and make recommendations on fighting xenophobia and intolerance on the continent.

Personal life

Kučan married to Štefka Kučan in 1964.[6] The couple have two daughters: Ana Kučan, a landscape architect and professor at the University of Ljubljana, and Špela, an anthropologist and ethnologist.[6] In 1991 Kučan stated it is the duty of every Slovene to climb mount Triglav.

Honours and awards

• : Grand Collar of the Order of Infante Dom Henrique (2000)
• : Knight Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ("For outstanding contribution to the development of interstate relations and friendship between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia.", December 5, 2001)
• : Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the Order of the White Double Cross (2001)[7]
• : Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Three Stars (2002)
• : Order of the White Eagle (2002)
• : Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
• : Knight of the Order of the Elephant (2001)[8]

References

1. "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Milan". "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Kučan".
2. Milan in isolation: [ˈmíːlan].
3. "Koloman Kučan". Žrtve II. sv. INZ, Zgodovina Slovenije – SIstory. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
4. Communism O Nationalism!, TIME Magazine, October 24, 1988
5. The Club of Madrid
6. Živčec, Denis (19 October 2017). "Slovenske prve dame: Po čem smo si jih zapomnili?". Večer. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
7. Slovak republic website, State honours: 1st Class in 2001 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
8. "Modtagere af danske dekorationer". kongehuset.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 5 May 2019.

External links

• President of the Republic of Slovenia, archived pages
• Biography