Miska, Tulkarm

Miska was a Palestinian village, located fifteen kilometers southwest of Tulkarm, depopulated in 1948.

Miska

مسكة
Village
Remains of the village mosque, 2007
Etymology: The water-hole[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Miska, Tulkarm (click the buttons)
Miska
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 32°13′04″N 34°55′29″E
Palestine grid143/180
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictTulkarm
Date of depopulation15 April 1948[2][3]
Area
 • Total8,076 dunams (8.076 km2 or 3.118 sq mi)
Population
 (1948)
 • Total880[4][5]
Cause(s) of depopulationExpulsion by Yishuv forces
Current LocalitiesSde Warburg, Mishmeret[6]

History

Miska was founded by descendants of the Arabian tribe of Miskain during the 7th century Islamic conquest of Palestine.[7]

According to the Arab geographer Yaqut, writing in the 1220s, Miska was known for its fruit, especially the misk (musk) apple variety which was said to have been transferred to Egypt by the Fatimid vizier Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri, who died in 1058.[8]

Ottoman era

The French commander Jean Baptiste Kléber and his troops passed by the village on their way to Napoleon's siege of Acre in 1799.[9] Pierre Jacotin named the village Meski on his map from the same campaign.[10]

In 1870, Victor Guérin visited and estimated that the population of Miskeh was 300. He further noted that "In the court of the medhafeh (guest-house) I saw a column and a marble chapter, apparently of Byzantine work. Round the houses are gardens, planted principally with fig-trees, among which here and there rise palms."[11]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described Miska an adobe village of small size, with olives to the north and south, and a well to the south.[12]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Meskeh had a population of 443; all Muslims,[13] increasing in the 1931 census to 635, still all Muslim, in a total of 123 houses.[14]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Miska and Sde Warburg was 880 Arabs and 180 Jews,[4] while the total land area was 8,076 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[5] Of this, Arabs used 1,115 dunams for citrus and bananas, 304 dunams for plantations and irrigable land, 3,245 for cereals,[15] while 88 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[16]

Miska (Miske) 1942 1:20,000
Miska 1945 1:250,000

1948 and after

On 15 April 1948, Miska's Arab inhabitants were expelled on the order of the Haganah, the primary Jewish force prior to the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.[2] The village, with the exception of a boy's elementary school and a mosque, was destroyed on the orders of Yosef Weitz, a Jewish National Fund official.[7]

On 16 June 1948, David Ben-Gurion, almost certainly based on a progress report from Yosef Weitz, noted Miska as one of the Palestinian villages that they had destroyed.[17]

Sde Warburg was established in 1938 on land that traditionally belonged to the village. Mishmeret was established in 1946, to the northwest of the village site, on village land. Ramat HaKovesh, founded 1932, is about 1 km due west of the village site, though not on village land.[6]

The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi described the village in 1992: "The site is covered with citrus groves; cactuses grow along the perimeter of these groves. The two-room school still stands and is used as housing for the watchmen who guard the orchards. The mosque serves as a storehouse for bales of hay and agricultural tools. The large cement fragments of a demolished enclosure built around the village well are visible. Most of the surrounding land has been planted by Israelis with citrus trees."[18]

The school buildings were destroyed by order of the Israel Land Administration in 2006 following commemoration activities at the site organised by Palestinian Citizens of Israel and Israeli NGO Zochrot.[19][20]

See also

References
  1. Palmer, 1881, p. 175
  2. Pappe, 1999, pp. 204, 209
  3. Morris, 2004, p. xviii, village #191. Also gives cause of depopulation
  4. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 21
  5. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 76
  6. Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  7. "Welcome to Miska". Palestine Remembered. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  8. Mu'jam Al-Buldan, Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  9. Nelson: Napoleon in Egypt. Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  10. Karmon, 1960, p. 170
  11. Guérin, 1875 pp. 388–389, as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 135
  12. Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 135. Cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 558
  13. Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. 28
  14. Mills, 1932, p. 55
  15. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 126
  16. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 176
  17. Entry for 16 June 1948, DBG-YH II, 523–24. Cited in Morris, 2004, pp. 350, 398
  18. Khalidi, 1992, pp. 558–9
  19. Destroyed Miske Schoolhouse, by Zochrot. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
  20. Letter from District Manager's Bureau of ILA, published by Zochrot (30 August 2006). Retrieved 13 May 2010.

Bibliography
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