Monument to the Independence of Brazil

The Monument to the Independence of Brazil (Portuguese: Monumento à Independência do Brasil) is granite and bronze sculpture in São Paulo, Brazil. It is also known as the Ipiranga Monument (Portuguese: Monumento do Ipiranga) or the Altar of the Fatherland (Portuguese: Altar da Pátria). The monument is located on the banks of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo, on the historic site where the later Emperor Pedro I of Brazil proclaimed the independence of the country on September 7, 1822.[1][2]

Monument to the Independence of Brazil
Native name
Portuguese: Monumento à Independência do Brasil
The Monument is situated where the Brazilian Independence was declared.
LocationSão Paulo, Brazil
Coordinates23°34′49″S 46°36′36″W
Established1952
Founded1922 (1922)
Built1884 (1884)–1926 (1926)
ArchitectManfredo Manfredi
SculptorEttore Ximenes
Governing bodyCity of São Paulo

The monument was designed and built by Italian sculptor Ettore Ximenes (1855–1926) and Italian architect Manfredo Manfredi (1859–1927) to celebrate the first centenary of the Brazilian Independence.

The Crypt

An Imperial Crypt and Chapel is located inside the monument. The crypt was built in 1972 to house the remains of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, also King Pedro IV of Portugal, and his wives, Maria Leopoldina of Austria and Amélie of Leuchtenberg. The crypt is consecrated as a Catholic chapel, as demanded by the then head of the Brazilian Imperial Family, Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza. He agreed to allow the transfer of the bodies of his ancestors to the Monument on the condition that the place be consecrated as a Catholic place of burial, with a Catholic altar, where Masses could be offered for the repose of their souls. Pedro I and Amélie of Leuchtenberg's bodies were transferred from the Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza in Lisbon; while Maria Leopoldina was moved from the Imperial Mausoleum of St Anthony's Convent in Rio de Janeiro.[3][1][2]

Front panel, with a derivative representation of Pedro Américo's 1888 painting Independence or Death.

References
  1. Moraes, Fábio Rodrigo de (2008). "Uma coleção de história em um museu de ciências naturais: o Museu Paulista de Hermann von Ihering". Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material. 16 (1): 203–233. doi:10.1590/S0101-47142008000100006. ISSN 0101-4714.
  2. Oriá, Ricardo (2015). "Construindo o Panteão dos Heróis Nacionais: monumentos à República, rituais cívicos e o ensino de História". Revista História Hoje. 3 (6): 49–50. doi:10.20949/rhhj.v3i6.137. ISSN 1806-3993.
  3. "Monumento à Independência do Brasil foi restaurado". Gazeta da Mooca (in Portuguese). Sao Paulo, Brazil. 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2017-11-13.
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