Oobi (TV series)

Oobi is an American children's television series created by Josh Selig for Nickelodeon and its sister channel Noggin. The show's concept is based on a training method used by puppeteers, in which they use their hands and a pair of glass eyes instead of a full puppet. The main character is a bare hand puppet named Oobi. The show's first season was a series of two-minute shorts. For its second and third seasons, it became a long-form series, with episodes lasting 13 minutes each. The show premiered in 2000, and the last new episode aired on February 11, 2005.[2]

Oobi
Genre
Created byJosh Selig
Written by
Directed by
Starring
Theme music composerJared Faber
Composers
Country of originUnited States
Original languageEnglish
No. of seasons3[lower-alpha 1]
No. of episodes
  • Shorts: 48
  • Long-form episodes: 52[1]
(list of episodes)
Production
Executive producerJosh Selig
Producers
Production locations
CinematographyRandy Drummond
Editors
  • Ken Reynolds
  • John Tierney
Camera setupVideotape; Multi-camera
Running time
  • 1–2 minutes (season 1)
  • 13 minutes[1] (seasons 2–3)
Production companiesLittle Airplane Productions
Noggin LLC
DistributorViacomCBS Domestic Media Networks
Release
Original network
Picture formatNTSC (480i)
Audio formatStereo
Original release2000 (2000) –
February 11, 2005 (2005-02-11)[2]
Chronology
Related showsOobi: Dasdasi

Selig was a longtime writer and performer for Sesame Street, and he came up with the idea for Oobi while watching bare-handed puppeteers audition for Sesame Street. The show was filmed at Kaufman Astoria Studios, where Sesame Street is also taped. All of the show's puppeteers were veteran Muppet performers. The main characters were played by Tim Lagasse, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Noel MacNeal, and Tyler Bunch.

The puppets' designs include glass eyes and accessories such as hats and hairpieces. The puppeteers' thumbs are used to represent mouth movement, and their fingers flutter and clench to indicate emotions. The characters talk in simple sentences, using only two to three words at a time. The show's ending credits feature a montage of families making and playing with their own bare-hand Oobi puppets.

Oobi was a breakout success for Noggin. It received positive reviews from critics, with praise for the puppeteers' performances, the visual style, and the show's appeal toward multiple age groups. The Age reported that the show developed a strong cult following[3] among older viewers, and Noel MacNeal has said that the show's fans range from amateur puppeteers to "college-age stoners."[4] The show received a variety of awards, including from the Television Academy and Parents' Choice. Oobi had a Nielsen rating of 2.35 among Noggin viewers by 2004, becoming the highest-rated series ever to air on Noggin. It is the most widely distributed Noggin show, having aired in over 23 markets worldwide by 2005. A foreign adaptation titled Oobi: Dasdasi premiered in 2012 and ran for 78 episodes, airing in the Middle East and countries across Asia.

Plot

The show takes place in a quaint, old-fashioned neighborhood inhabited by hand puppets. It is shown from the perspective of a four-year-old named Oobi.[5] The puppets often talk directly to the audience and encourage participatory viewing. The characters use basic vocabulary, and they speak in simplified sentences that resemble the speech structure of a child just beginning to talk.[6] For example, "Uma, school, first day" is said in place of "It's my first day of school." Prepositions and conjunctions are rarely used. The show is intended to help develop social skills, early literacy, and logical thinking.[7]

Oobi lives in a single-story house with his younger sister, Uma, and his grandfather, Grampu. Oobi's best friend, Kako, lives across the street and often comes over to visit Oobi. Most episodes center around Oobi learning more about a simple concept like a new sport, a new place, or a holiday. Uma and Kako are the comic relief, and they often misunderstand Oobi's discoveries or provide commentary on the episode's topic. The show is meant to mirror the stage of early childhood "when everything in [the] world is new and incredible" and "when each revelation helps build a sense of mastery and self-confidence."[8]

In the second season, the episodes were extended and followed a format made up of three parts.[9][10] The first part is a linear story featuring the puppets going on an adventure or making a new discovery. The second part is a set of brief interviews between the puppets and human families, centering on the main story's topic. The last part is an interactive game (usually involving rhyming, guessing, or memory) where the viewers are encouraged to play along with the characters.[9] When Oobi was renewed for a third season in 2004, game segments were dropped in favor of longer stories. Interviews remained an important part of the show, but instead of being shown after the story, these segments were shortened and played as transitions between scenes.

Characters

Main
The main cast, from left to right: Tim Lagasse, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Tyler Bunch, and Noel MacNeal.
  • Oobi (Tim Lagasse) is a four-year-old boy. He is curious and always willing to learn something new. Unlike the other characters, he is a completely bare puppet aside from his eyes and wears no accessories or clothes. His eyes are brown in the short episodes and hazel in the long-form episodes. Oobi dreams of becoming a piano player and takes piano lessons from an elderly woman named Inka. He is very protective of his favorite toy, a red model car. He acts as a role model to his little sister, Uma, who often looks to him for guidance.
  • Uma (Stephanie D'Abruzzo) is Oobi's three-year-old sister. She is shorter than Oobi and usually wears a barrette on her pinky finger. She loves singing, dancing, and pretending. Chickens are her favorite animal, and she will often talk about and imitate them, much to Grampu's annoyance. She has a tendency to comically overreact to minor changes or inconveniences. Her catchphrases are "Nice!" and "Pretty." Because she is so young, she has trouble pronouncing long words.
  • Kako (Noel MacNeal) is Oobi's excitable, confident, and slightly arrogant best friend. Kako generally has a playful attitude and often cracks jokes, but he can prove to be insightful and sincere whenever Oobi needs advice. He has green eyes and wears a red knit hat. His catchphrase is "Perfecto," the Spanish word for "perfect." Unlike Oobi and Uma, Kako comes from a nuclear family: he lives with his parents, Mamu and Papu.
  • Grampu (Tyler Bunch) is Oobi and Uma's wise and sometimes rather unlucky grandfather, who acts as their caregiver and mentor. His appearance is different from that of the kids; four of his fingers are curled instead of being extended, making him look taller. His favorite pastimes are cooking and gardening. He develops a romantic relationship with Oobi's piano teacher, Inka, throughout the series. His catchphrase is "Lovely!"

Recurring
  • Inka (Stephanie D'Abruzzo) is Oobi's piano teacher and Grampu's girlfriend. She often takes Grampu on dates and flirts with him when she visits Oobi's house. She has visited Paris, likes to try foreign foods, and has an ambiguous Eastern European accent.
  • Angus (Matt Vogel) is a high-strung friend of Oobi's whose eyes are below his fingers rather than on top. He speaks in a nasal voice and tends to worry about how he looks in front of others. Ironically, he is a gifted actor and has a talent for singing but gets stage fright whenever he has to perform in front of an audience.
  • Mrs. Johnson (Jennifer Barnhart) is Oobi's elderly neighbor and one of the few left-handed characters on the show. She wears a white wig, glasses with circular lenses, and a sleeve-like brown dress. She has a pet cat named Kitty who tends to climb up trees.
  • Mamu and Papu (Frankie Cordero) are Kako's parents, who appear whenever Oobi visits Kako's house. Papu is a homemaker and works from his house. Mamu works at an office and is frequently away from home, but she still finds time to spend with her family.
  • Maestru (James Godwin) is Oobi and Kako's singing teacher, who works at the local community center. He is also in charge of the town events. He wears a bow tie and a gray wig made to look like Ludwig van Beethoven's hairstyle. His index finger is always extended and he uses it as a conducting baton.
  • Frieda the Foot (Cheryl Blaylock) is a five-year-old girl portrayed as a talking foot puppet. She has blue eyes and wears a flower-shaped pin on one of her toes. Oobi and Frieda often play with each other at the park and teach each other how to play different games. She represents a person of a different race or culture from the hand puppets, and episodes featuring her involve themes of social integration and diversity.
  • Moppie (Heather Asch) is Uma's best friend from preschool. She has curly red hair, and her fingers are curled up in a fist. She is high-spirited and energetic, but also afraid to try new things. Her favorite activity is drawing portraits of her classmates.
  • Bella (Lisa Buckley) is a greengrocer and one of Grampu's close friends. She owns the local grocery store and talks with an exaggerated Italian accent. She brings fruit wherever she goes, regardless of the time or situation.

Production

Concept and creation

Josh Selig was inspired to create the show after watching puppeteers perform with their bare hands on the set of Ulica Sezamkowa, the Polish adaptation of Sesame Street.[11] Each puppeteer used their hand and a pair of ping pong balls in place of a puppet. This is a common technique among puppeteers in training, as it helps them learn the basics of lip-syncing and focusing the eyes of a puppet. Selig noted the amount of expression conveyed by the more skilled actors' hands, and it gave him the idea for a series that showcased the "raw emotion" of bare-handed puppetry.[12]

In 1999, Nickelodeon and Sesame Workshop created a cable channel called Noggin. At its launch, the channel mainly aired reruns from Sesame Workshop's library, so both companies started to seek pitches for original shows. Selig had recently left Sesame Street when he was given the opportunity to propose his own show to Noggin. He pitched Oobi to them under the working title Pipo, which he wanted to name the main character.[13] He decided to rename the show Oobi after he found out that "Pipo" was already trademarked by an Italian brand of jeans.[13] The new name was meant to mirror the characters' eyeballs with two O's.[13]

Selig's pitch was successful, and Oobi entered production with funding from Nickelodeon. For the first season, Noggin ordered a collection of about 50 interstitials, which lasted 1 to 2 minutes each and would play during commercial breaks. The season was made as an experiment to see whether or not Selig wanted to continue his own production studio, Little Airplane Productions. Of the season, he said, "I set up a shop to produce that series. So we just signed a one-year lease, it was really an experiment for us... and after the first year we found that we loved having a company."[14] The first season of shorts was filmed in 1999[15] and started airing in mid-2000 on both Noggin and Nickelodeon.

Assembling the crew

Tim Lagasse was chosen to play Oobi because of his previous bare-handed puppetry in A Show of Hands, a series of short films he created in the early 1990s.[12] Many of the techniques he used to convey expressions through hand motions in the films were carried over to Oobi. The rest of the show's cast consisted exclusively of Sesame Workshop alumni. Kevin Clash, best known for being the original performer of Elmo in many Muppet projects, was an ensemble puppeteer on Oobi and guest-starred as Randy in the "Babysitter!" episode.[16] Matt Vogel, the current puppeteer for Kermit the Frog and Big Bird, played the recurring role of Angus. Martin P. Robinson – who performs Mr. Snuffleupagus and Telly Monster on Sesame Street – created and built the puppets' costumes and accessories on Oobi.[12] Ken Reynolds and John Tierney, editors on Sesame Street, were hired to edit the show. Both Josh Selig and the show's educational consultant, Natascha Crandall, worked together on the Palestinian and Arabic adaptations of Sesame Street.[17] Lisa Simon, who won 20 Daytime Emmys for her work as a director of Sesame Street, acted as the supervising producer.[18][19]

Sacred Noise, a music production company in New York, provided the show's background music. A staff of New York-based composers wrote original songs sung by the characters. Christopher North Renquist, who had been a songwriter for Disney Channel before working on the show, wrote most of the songs.[16][20] Jeffrey Lesser, who stayed at Little Airplane as the music producer of Wonder Pets, joined the music crew to write the song "Oobi and Grampu" for the "Fishing!" episode.[21] Mike Barrett, who worked as the sound editor on the Wonder Pets pilot, was the series' sound mixer.[22][23]

Filming

Oobi was filmed at Kaufman Astoria Studios in New York. The show's set pieces were built on tall wooden poles, positioned to be level with the puppeteers' hands when they raised their arms.[24] This kept the actors' heads out of the camera frame and allowed them to walk normally while performing, making their puppets' movements as smooth as possible. Television monitors were placed below the sets so that the puppeteers could watch their motions and position their characters according to each scene.[24] The actors wore hands-free headsets that recorded their dialogue, making them able to perform and voice their characters at the same time.[25] They sometimes dubbed over their lines in post-production, specifically for the song sequences in episodes like "Theater!", which required them to record different takes to match their voices to the music tracks.[25]

Many of the show's sets were made to evoke the look of old-fashioned home environments. To simulate natural window light in the studio, the crew of Oobi placed shades with foliage patterns over their studio lights; this gave the appearance of sunlight passing through trees.[24] Green screens were used for the sky of the outdoor sets and for the windows of Oobi's house.[24]

Every week during production, the puppeteers visited a local manicurist to get their fingernails touched up.[11] Most of the male puppeteers, such as Tim Lagasse, also had to shave their arms regularly if they played younger characters; Josh Selig said in a 2004 interview that Lagasse had to shave often so that Oobi would not "look like a hairy kid."[11] Tyler Bunch was told specifically not to shave because his natural arm hair gave Grampu the appearance of an elderly, hairy grandfather.[11]

When Cheryl Blaylock was offered the role of Frieda the Foot, she had to revisit puppeteer training techniques to learn to use her foot as a puppet.[26] She recounted in a 2012 interview: "I had to actually go back to Puppetry 101 to train my foot to lip sync. Oh yes, I was determined to do some kind of toe wiggle that could be convincing."[26] For episodes featuring Frieda, the crew had to construct a new set that allowed Blaylock to raise her foot alongside the hand puppets. To do this, they assembled a ramp-like stage with a chair connected to it, resting on its side. Blaylock was able to lie down in the chair and rest her leg on the ramp, making her foot appear to be standing at the same height as Oobi.[24]

Iranian adaptation
Main article: Oobi: Dasdasi

In May 2012, the Iranian cable channel IRIB TV2 produced its own adaptation of the show, called Oobi: Dasdasi.[27][28] None of the original crew members were involved. Amir Soltan Ahmadi and Negar Estakhr, two of Iran's foremost puppeteers, directed and starred in the program. In an interview with the newspaper Jaam-e Jam, Estakhr said that their company had screened episodes of Oobi in English and wanted to make their own tailored version for a new audience.[29] The puppet costumes were mostly identical to the props from the original show. Like the original show, it features brother and sister hand puppets who live with their grandfather, but the cast was expanded to include two parents. The three adult characters wore Arab garments.[27]

78 eight-minute episodes were made.[30] They aired from September 22 to December 20, 2012.[30] In July 2013, Oobi: Dasdasi was sold to broadcasters in five countries: Kuwait, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka.[31][32][33] IRIB TV2 aired the show in Iran and NHK aired a subtitled version in Japan.[34] IRIB's Art News Agency hosts full episodes of Oobi: Dasdasi on its website.[35]

Broadcast

Episodes
Main article: List of Oobi episodes

48 shorts and 52 long-form episodes were made.[36] Each short is 1–2 minutes long, while the long-form episodes are 13 minutes each. The long-form segments were usually aired in pairs to fill half-hour timeslots.[37][38] The shorts were shown during commercial breaks on Noggin and Nickelodeon. From 2000 to 2003, Noggin aired the shorts during every commercial break from 6:00 AM until 6:00 PM. Nickelodeon aired them more sporadically during its Nick Jr. block.

SeasonEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast airedNetwork
1 (shorts)482000 (2000)[39]2002 (2002)Noggin
Nickelodeon
226April 7, 2003 (2003-04-07)[40]2004 (2004)
326September 6, 2004 (2004-09-06)[41]February 11, 2005 (2005-02-11)[2]Noggin

Airing history

In the United States, Oobi aired on Noggin and Nickelodeon.[42] The first season aired on both channels from 2000 to 2002.[43] The season's episodes were normally shown as interstitials between longer shows. When Oobi was picked up for a second season, it became a long-form series. The second and third seasons were mainly shown on Noggin, with the first four premieres shown on Nickelodeon during the Nick Jr. block.[42][44] The show was also available through Nickelodeon's on-demand service from 2004 until 2009.[45][46][47] In 2005, Oobi episodes were released online to Nick Jr. Video, a section of the TurboNick broadband video channel.[48] Later that year, the show was aired as part of "Cox Family Fun Night," a weekly event featuring Nickelodeon shows that was broadcast every Sunday on Cox systems.[49] Throughout 2005, select General Motors cars included entertainment systems preloaded with Nickelodeon content, including episodes of Oobi.[50][51] Reruns of Oobi were shown on the Nick Jr. channel from 2009 until 2013.[52] From May 2015 to March 2020, the long-form episodes were available as part of the Noggin mobile app.[53][54] The show was available for streaming on Amazon Video from June 2018 until March 2020.[55] In January 2021, the series was added to CBS All Access.[56]

By the end of its run in 2005, Oobi was aired in over 23 international markets,[57] many of which span multiple countries. In Canada, TVOntario aired the first season of shorts.[1] It carried the show from September 1, 2003 to September 2, 2006.[58][59] On December 5, 2004, the series started airing on AFN Prime, a channel operated by the U.S. Armed Forces that is available worldwide.[60] It was shown on the network every Sunday until April 3, 2005.[61] The Australian channel ABC Kids ran premieres of the show from February 8 to March 15, 2005,[62] with reruns continuing until February 2, 2007.[63] Oobi has been one of Nickelodeon Pakistan's flagship series since 2009; as of 2020, it continues to air on the channel once a day.[64][65]

The series has been dubbed in a variety of languages. From 2005 to 2006, an Icelandic-dubbed version of Oobi aired on Stöð 2.[66] In China, a Mandarin Chinese dub aired on HaHa Nick from May 1 to August 5, 2005.[67][68] In Israel, a Hebrew dub was created with Gilad Kleter and Yoram Yosefsberg as the voices of Oobi and Grampu. It aired on Nickelodeon Israel and BabyTV from 2008 to 2013.[69][70] In France and Wallonia, a French dub aired on Nickelodeon France and Nickelodeon Junior from 2005 to 2012.[71][72][73] In June 2010, the episode "Make Music!" was featured in Nickelodeon France's Fête de la Musique event.[74] A Polish dub called Rączusie[75] aired on Nickelodeon Poland from July 19, 2009 to February 28, 2010.[76][77] Nickelodeon Arabia, which broadcasts to the Middle East and North Africa, aired an Arabic dub from 2009 to 2011.[78] The series was also shown in other Oceanian regions, such as Tonga.[79] Although Oobi was not part of Nickelodeon Asia's main lineup, the channel's website featured games and videos of the show until 2016.[80]

Reception

Ratings

Oobi was instrumental in growing the Noggin channel's viewership. In 2004, Noggin reported that three shows—Oobi, Miffy and Friends, and Connie the Cow—increased the channel's average daily viewership by 55 percent over the year before.[81] The average number of viewers watching Oobi increased by 43 percent during the same time.[81] Noggin also reported that Oobi had grown in ratings in each quarter of 2004: +8% from first to second, +22% from second to third, and +10% from third to fourth.[82] The steady increase in ratings was reported by Multichannel News author Mike Reynolds, who attributed Noggin's popularity to its "breakout original series Oobi."[83] The show's growing audience was what led Noggin to order the third season.[84] The premiere of the "Uma Preschool!" episode on September 6, 2004, posted a 2.35 Nielsen rating among the preschool age group, becoming the highest-rated premiere of a Noggin series to that date.[11][81] In December 2004, Noggin published a press release with the subtitle: "Noggin's Oobi Delivers Highest Rated Original Premiere In Network's History."[82]

Critical reception
The strangest [Noggin] show, hands down (pun intended), is Oobi, whose surprisingly appealing puppet characters are bare human hands with goggle-eyes, accessories and homey little indoor and outdoor sets.

—Lynne Heffley, The Los Angeles Times[40]

The puppeteers' performances and the show's approach to teaching fundamental life skills have been praised by critics. Common Sense Media reviewer Andrea Graham gave the show a five-star review, writing that "when it comes to preschool programming, Oobi really breaks the mold, succeeding in its simplicity."[85] Jeanne Spreier of the Dallas Morning News called Oobi "the most imaginative and interesting preschooler program to debut in years," describing its characters as "amazingly expressive hands that show anger, fear, happiness, even age and youth."[86] The Coalition for Quality Children's Media wrote positively of Oobi, complimenting its concept, and calling it "thoroughly enjoyable" and "extremely well received."[87] Diana Dawson of the Herald-Journal liked the show's old-fashioned look, stating that "in a world that too often forgets the innocent joy of playing kick-the-can and catching fireflies, there's something incredibly endearing about the bare-handed puppetry."[88] DVD Talk's Holly Ordway called Oobi "a clever way to encourage kids to be imaginative."[89] Jaime Egan of Families.com commended the show's messages of inclusion and diversity, calling them "invaluable" and highlighting Frieda the Foot and Kako as stand-out characters.[90] Ryan Ball of Animation Magazine described the show as "an offbeat new entry" to Noggin's lineup, adding that "the fact that all the characters are played by hands just adds to the quirkiness."[91] In 2010, Babble.com listed Oobi second on their list of top twelve television series for babies and toddlers.[92] In 2018, television writer Jon Weisman named Oobi one of the best kids' shows of the 2000s, calling it "low-key charming" and praising the theme song.[93]

Some critics have commended the show for its widespread appeal. In an interview with The New York Times, Tom Ascheim said that "the show's quirky appeal extended far beyond Noggin's target audience. 'The simplicity is really understandable by my two-year-old, but my ten-year-old really giggles at Oobi.'"[94] Andrew Dalton of The Stir stated that he was a fan of the show himself, adding that Oobi is "just happy to be simple and gleeful, and that actually makes it more appealing to sit and watch as a grown-up."[95] The San Diego Union-Tribune's Jane Clifford felt that it could be enjoyed by viewers of all ages, remarking that "if as a kid you ever drew eyes or a mouth on your hand and then 'talked' to a friend, you'll relate to this show."[96] The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette named Oobi the best cable premiere of April 2003, reporting: "I've seen every blessed minute of each general-audience premiere; they are good. But another new show outreaches the rest: Oobi."[97] In a 2018 interview, Noel MacNeal recounted, "Some of our biggest fans became [college] kids coming back from parties, who were just like really stoned, and would just sit and watch Oobi."[4]

Awards and nominations

In spring 2001, Oobi won a Parents' Choice Gold Award.[98] Later in the same year, the show won a Kids First Endorsement Award from the Coalition for Quality Children's Media.[99] It was also nominated for the company's Best Children's Film or Video Awards.[100] In 2004, the show received a second Parents' Choice Award,[101] and a nomination in the "Up to 6 Fiction" category at the Prix Jeunesse International Festival.[102] In 2007, Common Sense Media named the series on its annual list of "Best Bets for Young Kids 2-4."[103] In June 2009, Josh Selig was presented with an Innovation Award from the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation for his work on the show.[104] In 2014, Prix Jeunesse recognized Oobi in its category "The Greatest Impact Programmes of the Last 50 Years."[105]

YearPresenterAward/CategoryNomineeStatusRef.
2001 Parents' Choice Foundation Television Gold Award Little Airplane Productions Won [98]
Coalition for Quality Children's Media Kids First Endorsement Award Won [99]
Best Children's Film or Video Nominated [100]
2004 Parents' Choice Foundation Television Silver Honor Won [101]
Prix Jeunesse International Up to 6 Fiction Nominated [102]
2007 Common Sense Media Best Bet for Young Kids 2-4 Won [103]
2009 Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation Innovation Award Josh Selig Won [104]
2014 Prix Jeunesse International Greatest Impact Programme of the Last 50 Years: 2004 Little Airplane Productions Won [105]

Cultural impact
Artist Jesse Hernandez with an Oobi tattoo in Longview, Texas.

Oobi has made an impression on celebrities. Actress Uma Thurman, who shares her first name with the character Uma, revealed to Stephanie D'Abruzzo (who plays Uma) that she was familiar with the show and its characters in 2004.[106] The author John Green, best known for writing The Fault in Our Stars, featured Oobi in an installment of his video blog series Vlogbrothers.[107] In a comedy sketch, Green used Oobi to demonstrate how to write a book proposal. Two clips from Oobi were shown on Joel McHale's talk show The Soup during the segment "What the Kids Are Watching", in which McHale took scenes from children's shows out of context. After watching a scene from the "Showtime!" episode that depicted Oobi and Kako glued together, McHale joked about them being gay.[108]

During its run, the show developed a cult following of Muppet fans and amateur filmmakers who created their own Oobi puppets.[3] In early 2003, Amy Amatengelo of the Boston Herald stated that Oobi's first season of shorts was "already very popular" with "those of the Muppet generation."[109] In the same article, Tom Ascheim stated that Oobi "gets fan mail," attributing the popularity to viewers' ability to make their own Oobi puppets.[109] In 2004, The Melbourne Age reported that "the show - the work of various Sesame Street alumni - is developing a strong cult following; the real Uma [Thurman] is said to be a fan of hand Uma."[3] An online catalogue of unofficial Oobi puppets and accessories, OobiEyes.com, was operated from 2006 to 2013.[110] A community of amateur puppeteers who created fan films with Oobi puppets existed during the early years of the YouTube website, and OobiEyes.com held an advertising campaign with YouTube in 2008.[110]

External video
"Dog Problems" Official Music Video, December 1, 2006, Nettwerk Music[111]

In November 2006, indie rock band The Format released a music video for their song "Dog Problems" that was inspired by Oobi.[111] It features hand puppets in the style of the show,[112] In 2009, an advertising contest called the Cannes Young Lions Competition included an Oxfam commercial based on Oobi. Titled "Let Your Hands Do the Talking," it featured spoofs of celebrities portrayed as hand puppets and given "Oo"-themed names like Oobi and Uma.[113] In January 2014, the Turkish branch of the condom company Durex made a commercial that starred a parody version of Oobi.[114][115][116] In an interview with La República, the commercial's director said, "Elizabeth is a parody of the television character Oobi, who is also a funny talking hand."[117]

In July 2016, Disney XD made a one-off television pilot called Right Hand Guy, which starred a pre-teen whose right hand becomes a puppet and befriends him. The creator, Dan Lagana, took inspiration from Oobi while developing the pilot.[118][119] Lagana showed the Oobi episode "Babysitter!" to the actors so that they would be familiar with the hand movements.[120]

The show has been mentioned in books. In his autobiography Alternadad, comedian Neal Pollack talks about Oobi and names Grampu his favorite character. He writes that Oobi "featured a hilarious character called Grampu ... he made funny faces when he had to eat the awful food the kids cooked for him, and he also flirted with Oobi's piano teacher."[121] It is referenced in Laura Lynn's novel Ariel's Office, in which the narrator describes her daughter watching Noggin and being transfixed by Oobi.[122] It is described as a "Noggin show that use[s] Señor Wences-style human hand puppets" in Dade Hayes's novel Anytime Playdate, which investigates the preschool entertainment business and its effect on parenting.[123] Robert Rodriguez, a filmmaker who directed Sharkboy and Lavagirl and the Spy Kids franchise, also likens the show to Señor Wences' puppets in his book The 1950s' Most Wanted.[124] Lisa Guernsey mentions that Oobi "promot[es] cognitive growth" in her 2012 book Screen Time, which reports on how electronic media affects children.[125]

Video releases and books

Clips from Oobi were included on many Nick Jr. DVDs released in 2003 and 2004, beginning with Blue's Clues: Shapes and Colors!, which featured the "Dance!" short.[126] The final video to include a clip from the show was Oswald: On-the-Go Oswald, which featured a clip from the "Dance Class!" episode.[127] Some of these videos have been repackaged and sold in DVD packs as recently as 2015.[128]

Oobi has also been featured in many TV-related magazines. Nick Jr. Magazine often published information about the show, and the August 2004 edition included a craft section about how to make costumes for Oobi hand puppets.[129] In August 2004 and April 2005, TV Guide published interviews with Stephanie D'Abruzzo and Josh Selig about the show.[106] The series is mentioned in the September 2004 issue of Big Apple Parent among Little Airplane's other works.[130] The October 2004 issue of Playthings includes another interview with Josh Selig, along with two photos from behind the scenes of Oobi.[131][132] Kidscreen regularly included news about the series. In July 2005, it mentioned the show in a description of the Little Airplane Academy.[133] The June 2007 issue included a story about how Little Airplane renamed the show from "Pipo" to Oobi.[13]

Online content

Noggin's website featured Oobi games from 2001 to 2009.[8] Kenny Miller of Viacom announced the addition of Oobi to the site in an interview with PR Newswire, describing the show's online webpage as a place "where kids can match shapes with bubbles, colors with snacks, compose music, and draw and dance with Oobi."[134] Many interactive games were created to coincide with the shorts.[135] From 2004 to 2006, printables featuring the characters were also released on the site.[136] The games based on the show were mentioned by Time magazine when it named Noggin.com one of the 50 best sites of 2004,[137] and by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences when the site won a Webby Award in 2005.[138]

Most of the games received positive reviews from critics. In 2006, AACE listed the "Oobi's Letters" game as an online resource that helped players develop "critical components of children's development."[139] Jean Armour Polly and Heidi Kotansky of Common Sense Media wrote positively of the more informative activities, but noted that some lacked a sufficient amount of educational content. They wrote, "in Oobi's Bubbles, kids drag a bubble wand next to Oobi's 'mouth' so he can blow bubbles. This just teaches tots to click and drag. Wouldn't it be more fun to do this with real wands and soapy water?"[140]

Promotional events
Plastic hand puppet eyes, like those shown here, were given to customers at Oobi-themed events.

The 2001 North American Trade Show Tour in Saint Paul, Minnesota, included a replica of the Oobi set.[141] Noggin's other displays at the show were all related to Sesame Street; the Oobi display was included as part of the Sesame tour. The display was designed and constructed by Matthew Allar, a scenographer for Viacom Media Networks.[142] Oobi was also a recurring theme of "Club Noggin", a monthly event taking place at malls across the United States. Episodes of the show were screened at these events, and visitors were supplied with Oobi puppet eyes and activities.[143]

Fifteen minutes of Oobi shorts were played as part of the 2001 Kids First Film and Video Festival, presented by the Coalition for Quality Children's Media.[87] The festival was a nationwide event; the first screening occurred in Santa Fe, New Mexico, followed by subsequent showings at fifty locations across the United States.[100] From 2002 to 2004, Oobi shorts were also broadcast regularly at Jillian's restaurants as part of the chain's "Noggin Play Day" promotion.[144] At these events, attendees could watch a live feed of Noggin with themed activities and meals.[145]

"Oobi Arts and Crafts" sessions were held throughout November 2007 at Nickelodeon Suites Resort in Orlando, Florida.[146] Sets of plastic Oobi puppet eyes, identical to those at Club Noggin, were distributed to hotel guests at these events.[146]

See also

Notes
  1. The show had three production cycles and three seasons. The first season[lower-alpha 2] is made up of 48 short-form episodes spanning 1-2 minutes each. The second and third seasons are made up of 52 long-form episodes in total, each one spanning 10-13 minutes.
  2. Lagasse, Tim. "Directing resumé". Archived from the original on August 7, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

References
  1. Lees, Nancy (October 1, 2003). "Shorts pick up steam as kidscasters seek to build stronger brand identities". Kidscreen. Brunico Communications. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  2. "Oobi – Chez Oobi!; Valentine!". TV Guide. CBS Corporation. February 11, 2005. Archived from the original on June 27, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
  3. Griffin, Michelle (October 31, 2004). "Tomorrow's conversation topics today: Talk to the hand". The Melbourne Age. Fairfax Media. ProQuest 367220273. The show - the work of various Sesame Street alumni - is developing a strong cult following; the real Uma [Thurman] is said to be a fan of hand Uma.
  4. MacNeal, Noel (June 14, 2018). "Interview w/ Puppeteer Noel MacNeal: 'Being Bear'" (mp4) (Podcast). Some of our biggest fans became [college] kids coming back from parties, who were just like really stoned, and would just sit and watch Oobi.
  5. "Oobi – ABC Kids TV Guide". ABC Kids. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010.
  6. Gans, Andrew (September 26, 2003). "Diva Talk: A Chat with Avenue Q's Stephanie D'Abruzzo". Playbill. New York, NY: TotalTheater. Archived from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
  7. "Oobi – Nickelodeon Press". Viacom International, Inc. National Amusements. April 7, 2003. Archived from the original on November 30, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  8. "Noggin.com – About Oobi". Noggin.com. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on February 15, 2003. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  9. "Noggin Introduces Oobi – The Friend Who's Always With You!". PR Newswire. Cision Inc. March 25, 2003. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015.
  10. Levine, Evan (May 4, 2003). "Family & Lifestyles: TV Reviews – The Star Democrat". Newspapers.com. Easton, MD: The Star Democrat.
  11. Gostin, Nicki (October 1, 2004). "Oobi Does It: The creator of a popular children's show discusses his low-tech success". Newsweek. IBT Media. Archived from the original on October 27, 2004. Retrieved March 13, 2016 – via NBCNews.com.
  12. Lagasse, Tim. "Muppet Projects: Oobi". Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
  13. Christie, Jocelyn. "The Name Game: Deconstructing the fine art of kids show titling" (PDF). Kidscreen. Brunico Communications. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  14. Maswani, Mansha (June 2004). "Little Airplane's Josh Selig". WorldScreen.com. World Screen News. Archived from the original on December 27, 2004.
  15. Stewart, Lianne (March 1, 2004). "Hot Talent: Chambers plays mother hen to creatives at Noggin and The N". Kidscreen. Brunico Communications.
  16. Renquist, Christopher North. "Friends and Associations". Archived from the original on April 2, 2016.
  17. Crandall, Natascha. "Shows – Crandall Consulting". Retrieved April 11, 2016.
  18. Maas, Jennifer (April 10, 2015). "Emmy-winning Sesame Street producer Lisa Simon dies at 64". Time. Time Inc. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  19. Harris M. Lentz III (March 31, 2016). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2015. McFarland. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-0-7864-7667-1.
  20. Glyn Maxwell (2005). The Forever Waltz. Oberon Books. ISBN 978-1-84002-591-0.
  21. Selig, Josh (March 24, 2009). "The Heartbeat of Little Airplane: An Interview with Jeffrey Lesser". Kidscreen. Brunico Communications.
  22. Barrett, Mike. "Mike Barrett Biography". Definition 6. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  23. Bird, Courtenay. "Definition 6 Wins Two Statuettes at 43rd Daytime Emmy Awards". Definition 6. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  24. Nader, Juli (February 20, 2004). "Oobi Production Gallery". Flickr. Retrieved June 30, 2018.
  25. D'Abruzzo, Stephanie (June 26, 2015). "Interview with Stephanie D'Abruzzo" (Interview). Interviewed by Getting Felt Up Podcast.
  26. Blaylock, Cheryl (July 6, 2012). "Old School Lane's Nickelodeon Tribute: Interview with Cheryl Blaylock". Manic Expression (Interview). Archived from the original on December 8, 2014.
  27. "Puppeteer experiments with Dasdasi, winning prize in Malaysia". Iranian News Network (in Persian). December 19, 2012. Archived from the original on July 15, 2013.
  28. "Hands and silence". Tebyan (in Persian). December 15, 2012. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013.
  29. "An interview with the producer of Dasdasi". Jaam-e Jam (in Persian). July 9, 2013. Archived from the original on December 14, 2012.
  30. "Dasdasi: Clapping Hands - IRIB TV2". IRIB TV2 (in Persian). Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. May 21, 2012. Archived from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
  31. "Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union wants to air Dasdasi". Iranian Students News Agency (in Persian). July 8, 2013.
  32. "See Dasdasi submission at the ABU conference". Banifilm (in Persian). July 9, 2013.
  33. ""Dasdasi" wins at ABU conference". Magiran (in Persian). July 9, 2013.
  34. "Dasdasi succeeds at a meeting of ABU". SNN.ir (in Persian). July 9, 2013.
  35. "Puppet show: Dasdasi". Art News Agency (in Persian). Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting. Archived from the original on 2014-06-02.
  36. "Noggin – Preschool shows and educational videos". iTunes. Apple Inc. April 30, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  37. "Oobi: Fishing!/Superheroes!". NickJr.com. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  38. "Oobi – Viacom International Media Networks". Viacom.com. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
  39. D'Abruzzo, Stephanie (2011). "Stephanie D'Abruzzo resume". Archived from the original on August 27, 2012. Oobi (interstitials in 2000)
  40. Heffley, Lynne (April 7, 2003). "Noggin network gathers a lineup of gigglies for the preschool set". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  41. "Oobi guides preschoolers through milestone firsts on second season of Noggin's award-winning preschool series" (PDF). Nickelodeon Press. Viacom. August 24, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2016.
  42. "Nickelodeon Weekly Schedule". Nick.com. Viacom International, Inc. April 11, 2003. Archived from the original on April 11, 2003. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  43. "Children's network does double duty". Lawrence Journal-World. Lawrence, KS: Ogden Newspapers. March 21, 2002.
  44. "Noggin Reinvents Itself – It's Like Preschool on TV!". PR Newswire. Cision Inc. March 25, 2003. Archived from the original on July 16, 2015. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  45. "Comcast Enhances On Demand Lineup with Programming from MTV Networks, BET and CBS". Comcast Interactive Media. Comcast. April 8, 2004. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  46. "Comcast Launches First-Ever On Demand Content from MTV, BET, Nickelodeon and Noggin". PR Newswire. Cision Inc. April 7, 2004. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  47. "Kids On Demand". Time Warner Cable. Charter Communications. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  48. "Nick Jr. Video Gets a Boost, New Version Launches August 16". PR Newswire. Cision Inc. August 15, 2005. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  49. "Cox Communications Launches Family Fun Night". Cox Communications. Atlanta, GA. May 25, 2005.
  50. Marlowe, Chris (May 12, 2005). "GM cars loaded with kids' stuff". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016 – via HighBeam.
  51. Marlowe, Chris (May 12, 2005). "Nickelodeon and Video Games Publisher Capcom Partner with PhatNoise". PR Newswire. Los Angeles: Cision Inc.
  52. "Nick Jr. TV Schedule". LocateTV.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2010. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  53. "NOGGIN – Preschool shows and educational videos for kids". iTunes Store. Apple Inc. Archived from the original on July 6, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  54. "Blog – Noggin.com". Noggin.com. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
  55. "Oobi Season 1: Amazon Video". Amazon Video. Amazon Inc. June 2018. Archived from the original on September 29, 2018.
  56. "Oobi". CBS All Access. Retrieved January 12, 2021.
  57. "International Deals for Oobi". WorldScreen.com. World Screen News. Archived from the original on June 9, 2005.
  58. "TVO Listings Schedule, September 1-30, 2003" (PDF). TVOntario. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. September 1, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 13, 2018.
  59. "TVO Listings Schedule, September 1-30, 2006" (PDF). TVOntario. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. September 1, 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2018.
  60. "AFN Schedules" (PDF). The Kwajalein Hourglass. United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command. December 3, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2013.
  61. "AFN Schedules" (PDF). The Kwajalein Hourglass. United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command. April 2, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2013.
  62. "Melbourne TV Guide for Tuesday, 08 February, 2005". Citysearch. InterActiveCorp. February 8, 2005. Archived from the original on February 8, 2005. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
  63. "Oobi: "Playdate!" on ABCTV". ABC Kids. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. February 2, 2007. Archived from the original on October 8, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  64. "Oobi – Nick Pakistan". Nickelodeon Pakistan. Viacom International, Inc. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  65. "Nick Pakistan Schedule – July 2015". Nickelodeon Pakistan. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  66. "Birta: með á ballið" (PDF). Visir.is (in Icelandic). 365 Iceland. December 16, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 15, 2016.
  67. DeMott, Rick (May 4, 2005). "MTV & Nick's New Developments in China". Animation World Network. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017.
  68. 关于我们的节目 - 节目介绍. HAHANick (in Chinese). Shanghai Media Group. Archived from the original on August 26, 2005.
  69. אובי on BabyTV. BabyTV (in Hebrew). Fox Networks Group. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2011.
  70. אובי Slideshow. Ynet (in Hebrew). Yedioth Ahronoth. Archived from the original on August 11, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  71. "Nickelodeon France landing page". Nickelodeon France (in French). Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on November 27, 2006. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  72. "Oobi – Nickelodeon Junior France". Nickelodeon Junior (in French). Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on May 21, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
  73. "Nickelodeon Junior Programs". Nickelodeon Junior (in French). Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on November 5, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  74. "Fête de la Musique 2010: Weekend Special on Nickelodeon". Première (in French). Groupe Rossel. June 18, 2010.
  75. "Rączusie – Nickelodeon Poland". Nickelodeon Poland (in Polish). Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on July 26, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  76. Waleszkiewicz, Kamila. "Rączusie amazes with the richness of emotions". Miasto Dzieci (in Polish). Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  77. Smoczyńska, Magdalena (August 9, 2009). "Rączusie – Poland Premiere". Miasto Dzieci (in Polish). Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  78. "Nick Shows". Nickelodeon Arabia. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on September 5, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2015.
  79. "VideoAge International: June 2005 Archive". VideoAge International. TV Trade. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  80. "Oobi Numbers Game – Nick Asia". Nickelodeon Southeast Asia. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved August 3, 2016.
  81. Vasquez, Diego. "For wee ones, Noggin's the hot place". Media Life Magazine. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008.
  82. "Noggin Viewership Up +60% As Network Ends 2004 With Unprecedented Ratings Growth: Noggin's Oobi Delivers Highest Rated Original Premiere In Network's History". Viacom. National Amusements. Archived from the original on December 15, 2004.
  83. Reynolds, Mike (February 7, 2005). "On a growth spurt with tweens and tots". Multichannel News. NewBay Media. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016 – via HighBeam.
  84. Ennis, Buck. "Little Airplane Productions – Crain's New York". Crain's New York Business. Crain Communications. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  85. Graham, Andrea. "Oobi TV Review – Common Sense Media". Common Sense Media.
  86. Spreier, Jeanne (April 6, 2003). "'Oobi' hands signal in wave of creative preschooler fare".
  87. "Oobi from Noggin – Kids First Film and Video Festival". Coalition for Quality Children's Media. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  88. Dawson, Diana (April 6, 2003). "Barehand puppets encourage learning on Noggin". Google News. Spartanburg Herald-Journal.
  89. Ordway, Holly (October 26, 2004). "ABC's, 123's and More DVD Review". DVD Talk. Internet Brands. Archived from the original on March 26, 2011.
  90. Egan, Jaime (August 21, 2006). "Oobi's Like Me". Families.com.
  91. Ball, Ryan. "New Warm and Fuzzy Titles Bow on Noggin". Animation Magazine. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  92. Holler, Madeline (2010). "No More SpongeBob? 12 Kids TV Shows That Are Good for Toddlers". Babble.com. Disney Interactive Media Group. Archived from the original on December 17, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  93. Weisman, Jon (March 13, 2018). "Best kids shows of the 2000s: a semi-comprehensive list". Dodger Thoughts. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  94. Loos, Ted (April 13, 2003). "For Young Viewers; Keeping Things Simple". The New York Times. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  95. Dalton, Andrew (November 9, 2010). "'Oobi' Through a Grown-Up's Eyes". The Stir. CMI Marketing. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  96. Clifford, Jane (October 9, 2004). "For young viewers, there's more quality TV than ever - if you know where to look". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Tronc. Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  97. "It's a fine time for sofa spuds". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. April 6, 2003.
  98. "Oobi – 2001 Parents' Choice Gold Award Winner". Parents' Choice Foundation. Retrieved May 13, 2010.
  99. "Awards & Press – Little Airplane". New York, NY: Little Airplane Productions. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  100. "Kids First Film and Video Festival 2001". Coalition for Quality Children's Media. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  101. "Oobi – 2004 Parents' Choice Silver Honor Award Winner". Parents' Choice Foundation. Retrieved March 13, 2016.
  102. "The Prix Jeunesse Finalists 2004" (PDF). PrixJeunesse.de. Prix Jeunesse International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-06. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  103. David Dutwin (December 1, 2008). Unplug Your Kids: A Parent's Guide to Raising Happy, Active and Well-Adjusted Children in the Digital Age. Simon & Schuster. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-4405-1836-2.
  104. "Fred Rogers scholarships go to three students". Athens Banner-Herald. Morris Communications. Archived from the original on 2016-04-03. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
  105. "The Prix Jeunesse Finalists 2004" (PDF). PrixJeunesse.de. Prix Jeunesse International. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  106. D'Abruzzo, Stephanie (August 29, 2004). "TV Guide, 2004 - Stephanie D'Abruzzo".
  107. John Green (May 18, 2007). "Brotherhood 2.0: May 18: How to Write a Book Proposal". Vlogbrothers. Archived from the original on January 30, 2014.
  108. Host: Joel McHale (March 2, 2007). "What the Kids Are Watching". The Soup. Season 4. Episode 16. E! Entertainment Television.
  109. Amatengelo, Amy (April 4, 2003). "Telly for tots: Noggin's new lineup aims to snare the youngest viewers". Boston Herald. Herald Media Inc. ProQuest 401841331.
  110. "OobiEyes.com - YouTube Promotion". OobiEyes.com. November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008.
  111. Nate Ruess; Sam Means (December 1, 2006). "The Format - Dog Problems [Official Music Video]". Dog Problems. Nettwerk Music. Archived from the original on October 1, 2016.
  112. Gottlieb, Steven (December 21, 2006). "NEW RELEASE: The Format "Dog Problems"". VideoStatic.
  113. "Let Your Hands Do the Talking". Cannes Young Lions Competition. May 17, 2009.
  114. "In Durex's funny TV spot, a young man becomes the boyfriend of his right hand". MarketingDirecto (in Spanish). August 18, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  115. "The painful farewell of a man and his faithful companion: his right hand". Mott Peru (in Spanish). August 6, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  116. "Durex's Farewell Elizabeth: Solving a delicate marketing challenge with a viral video". Best of Global Digital Marketing. Hando Sinisalu. November 17, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  117. "Say goodbye to Elizabeth and find true love". La República (in Spanish). Grupo La República. November 17, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2015.
  118. Mitovich, Matt Webb (July 26, 2016). "Disney Channel Pilot: Kid With Talking Right Hand". TVLine. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  119. Ferreiros, Alicia (July 27, 2016). "'Right Hand Guy': Disney Channel orders a pilot about a young man whose right hand has a life of his own". SensaCine (in Spanish). AlloCiné. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  120. Zweers, Ryan (2016-04-15). "Ryan Zweers, Jeff - Right Hand Guy - Disney XD". Archived from the original on 2016-09-28. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
  121. Neal Pollack (January 9, 2007). Alternadad. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 275–. ISBN 978-0-375-42480-9.
  122. Laura Lynn (April 21, 2008). Ariel's Office: Moon Void of Course. Laura Lynn. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-7443-1454-0.
  123. Dade Hayes (May 6, 2008). Anytime Playdate: Inside the Preschool Entertainment Boom, or, How Television Became My Baby's Best Friend. Simon & Schuster. pp. 199–. ISBN 978-1-4165-6433-1.
  124. Robert Rodriguez (2006). The 1950s' Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Rock & Roll Rebels, Cold War Crises, and All-American Oddities. Nebraska Press Potomac Books. pp. 204–. ISBN 978-1-61234-030-2.
  125. Lisa Guernsey (2012). Screen Time: How Electronic Media – From Baby Videos to Educational Software – Affects Your Young Child. Basic Books. Hachette. ISBN 978-0-465-03134-4.
  126. "Shapes and Colors". Barnes & Noble. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  127. "On-the-Go Oswald". Barnes & Noble. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
  128. "Get Clued Into School Pack". San Antonio Our Kids Magazine. New York, NY. March 8, 2015.
  129. "Puppet show-offs". Nick Jr. Magazine. Viacom International, Inc. August 1, 2004.
  130. "Talking Shop with Josh Selig". Big Apple Parent. September 1, 2004. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  131. "Short takes: Playthings queries Emmy-winning TV writer Josh Selig on kids' programming". Playthings. Sandow Media. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2014 – via HighBeam.
  132. "Playthings: October 2004". Playthings. Sandow Media. October 1, 2004. Archived from the original on December 7, 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  133. "Reaching children through entertainment: School's in at Little Airplane's Academy". Kidscreen. Brunico Communications. Retrieved April 2, 2014.
  134. "Noggin Launches Two New Web Sites to Complement Network Repositioning". PR Newswire. Cision Inc. April 16, 2002. Archived from the original on April 2, 2016.
  135. "Oobi: Oobi Tub". Noggin.com. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original on March 12, 2009. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  136. "Oobi Printables" (PDF). Noggin.com. Viacom International, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2007.
  137. "Noggin.com – 50 Best Websites of 2004". Time. Time Inc.
  138. "Noggin website – The Webby Awards". Webby Awards. International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences.
  139. Hoffman, J; Crawford, C.; Carlsen, R. (2006). "Online Resources for Young English Language Learners in Regular Classroom Settings". Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference: 4254–4258.
  140. "Noggin.com Website Review – Common Sense Media". Common Sense Media. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008.
  141. Allar, Matthew. "Oobi Educational Tour". Saint Paul, ME. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  142. Allar, Matthew. "Matthew Allar Resume". Viacom Media Networks. National Amusements. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  143. "Club Noggin comes to Gurnee, Illinois". Daily Herald. Arlington Heights, IL. August 29, 2004. Retrieved August 27, 2013 – via Questia Online Library.
  144. Joe Dziemianzuk (May 2002). Jillian's and Noggin Partnership (Advertisement). Reno, Nevada: Jillian's.
  145. "Jillian's, Noggin team up to market to families". BizJournals. May 7, 2002.
  146. "Nickelodeon Suites Resort Orlando: Noggin Month, November 2007". Nickelodeon Suites Resort. Orlando, FL: Viacom International, Inc. October 1, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.