Oriental cockroach

The oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis), also known as the waterbug (as they live in damp areas) or black beetle (as their bodies are mostly dark),[1] is a large species of cockroach, adult males being 18–29 mm (0.71–1.14 in) and adult females being 20–27 mm (0.79–1.06 in).[2] It is dark brown or black in color and has a glossy body. The female has a somewhat different appearance from the male, appearing to be wingless at a casual glance, but is brachypterous, having non-functional wings just below her head. She has a wider body than the male. The male has long wings, which cover three quarters of the abdomen[1][3][4] and are brown in color, and has a narrower body. Both of them are flightless. The female oriental cockroach looks somewhat similar to the Florida woods cockroach and may be mistaken for it. Originally endemic to the Crimean Peninsula and the region around the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea,[2] its distribution is now cosmopolitan.[5]

Oriental cockroach
A: Female
B: Male
C: Side view of female
D: Young male
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Blattodea
Family: Blattidae
Genus: Blatta
Species:
B. orientalis
Binomial name
Blatta orientalis
Synonyms
  • Blatta lucifuga Poda, 1761
  • Blatta secunda Schaeffer, 1769
  • Blatta tertia Schaeffer, 1769
  • Blatta culinaris De Geer, 1773
  • Blatta ferruginea Thunberg, 1810
  • Blatta europaea Bartsch, 1846 (Nom. Nud.)
  • Kakerlac castanea Blanchard, 1851
  • Blatta hemialata Gistel, 1856
  • Pulex imperator Westwood, 1858 (Nom. Nud.)
  • Blatta badia Saussure, 1863
  • Kakerlac pallipes Philippi, 1863
  • Kakerlac platystetho Philippi, 1863
  • Stylopyga orientalis spontanea Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1909
  • Stylopyga orientalis gracilis Adelung, 1910

Habitat

Oriental cockroaches tend to travel somewhat more slowly than other species. They are often called "waterbugs" since they prefer dark, moist places. They can often be found around decaying organic matter, and in sewers, drains, damp basements, porches, and other damp locations. They can be found outside in bushes, under leaf groundcover, under mulch, and around other damp places outdoors. They are major household pests in parts of the Northwest, Midwest, and Southern United States[6] as well as can be found in England, Europe, Israel, Australia, and South America.[7]

Adaptation

To thrive, cockroaches need a place to hide. They prefer warm places and relatively high humidity; they also need a source of food/liquid. The optimum temperature for oriental cockroaches is between 20 and 29 °C (68 and 84 °F). Female oriental cockroaches have vestigial tegmina (reduced fore wings) and males have longer tegmina. Cockroaches are mainly nocturnal. Oriental cockroaches can be elusive in that a casual inspection of an infested dwelling during the day may show no signs of roach activity. Oriental cockroaches can be found in usually damp places such as sewer pipes, sink drains, and any other form of damp areas in households.

Ootheca

Signs of cockroaches are their ootheca, which are “egg cases”. The blackish-brown ootheca of the oriental cockroach are 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) long, with indistinct egg compartments housing 16–18 eggs.[2] These ootheca are formed a day after mating, and typically deposited a day or two after formation, though can be deposited up to 7 days later, typically in a sheltered area or attached to a substrate by oral secretion.[2] They are initially a yellow-white, turning reddish- then blackish-brown.[2] They lose viability at temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F).[2] They hatch on their own in about 42 days at 29.5 °C (85.1 °F) and 81 days at 21 °C (70 °F).[2]

Relation to Humans

They transfer bacteria and viruses from their legs to food, dishes, utensils, and countertops and are known to spread dysentery, E. coli, Salmonella, and food poisoning.[8][7][9]

Pest control

Oriental cockroaches can be harder to get rid of than other roaches. Although adults can be fairly easily killed by the application of residual insecticide, the insecticides can get washed away, and soon after females can hatch new nymphs.[10]

Comparison of three common cockroaches
RoachGerman cockroachOriental cockroachAmerican cockroach
Size12 mm (1.2 cm) to 15 mm (1.5 cm)25 mm (2.5 cm) to 30 mm (3.0 cm)28 mm (2.8 cm) to 43 mm (4.3 cm)
HabitatHeated buildings, optimum 32 °C (90 °F)20 °C (68 °F) to 29 °C (84 °F)Same as German
Nymphal development time6 to 12 weeks6 to 12 months4 to 15 months
Lifespan6 to 9 months1 to 1.5 years1 to 1.5 years
Able to flyBarelyNo[6]Yes

References
  1. "How to Get Rid of Oriental Roaches | Oriental Cockroach Control". www.doyourownpestcontrol.com. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  2. Robinson, William H. (14 April 2005). Urban Insects and Arachnids: A Handbook of Urban Entomology. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-521-81253-5.
  3. "Oriental Cockroach - Types, Facts, and How to Identify | Oriental Cockraoch Control". Holder's Pest Solutions. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  4. "Oriental cockroach - Blatta orientalis Linnaeus". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  5. Arnett Jr., Ross H. (28 July 2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico (Second ed.). CRC Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-8493-0212-1.
  6. McCanless, Kim. "Featured Creatures Oriental Cockroach". University of Florida. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
  7. "How to Get Rid of Oriental Cockroaches In the House". Orkin.com. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  8. "Oriental Cockroaches: Facts about Their Size, Habitat & Dietary Habits". www.arrowexterminators.com. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  9. "Oriental Cockroaches Control - Identify Cockroaches". www.pestworld.org. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
  10. "Oriental Cockroach Control: Facts & Identification | Terminix". Terminix.com. Retrieved 2020-08-30.
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