Pajanelia
Pajanelia, sometimes known in English as tender wild jack or pajanelia, in Malayalam as azhantha or pajneli, in Kannada as alangi and in Tamil as aranthal,[3][4] is a monotypic genus of evergreen or briefly deciduous flowering tree in the family Bignoniaceae which contains a single species, Pajanelia longifolia.[5]
| Pajanelia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Demonstrating significant shoot apical meristem proliferation | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Bignoniaceae |
| Genus: | Pajanelia DC. |
| Species: | P. longifolia |
| Binomial name | |
| Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K.Schum. | |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
| |
Etymology
The genus epithet Pajanelia stems from a Malayalam name for the plant, pajaneli, recorded from Dutch Malabar in the 1670s (see Hortus Malabaricus). The species epithet longifolia is of Latin origin and means long leaves.[3]
Description
Pajanelia grows as a small to medium sized tree with an upright habit, with few sideways branches. It can grow up to 30 metres (98.4 feet) tall.[5] The compound, ovate and chartaceous leaves of Pajanelia are imparipinnate and glabrous with 7-17 leaflets. They may be up to 120 cm (47 in) long, with the apex being acuminate. The rachis is triangular and glabrous. The petiolule is 0.6 cm (0.24 in) long and the midrib is flat or slightly canaliculate. The tertiary nerves are broadly reticulate.[4] Between January and June inflorescent panicles of purple flowers with yellow interiors are produced. They are silken along their margins and smell of soap.[1][6] The flowers bloom at night before fading at dawn.[3] The brown, compressed and glabrous fruit is of capsule shape, 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long and 5–7.5 cm (2.0–3.0 in) wide. It is winged on both margins. The seeds are housed within two valves and are flat, chartaceous and winged on both sides.[7] The trunk is occasionally buttressed and up to 115 cm (45 in) in diameter. The heartwood is white-brown coloured, and the pale grey outer bark is scaly and linearly lenticellate.[4][7]
Distribution
This species can be most commonly found within the deciduous and semi-evergreen mountainous rainforests of India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo,[7] and up to 1000m above sea level.[4] It is often spotted alongside rivers or within forests adjacent to the coast, and is occasionally found lonesome in the plains.[5]
Uses
Pajanelia is used in parts of Malaysia, where it is commonly planted as stakes for hedges along rice fields, and is also planted as support tree in pepper plantations.[2] The timber is suitable for woodworking purposes, such as building doors, wall panelling, domestic flooring, veneer and plywood, due to it being very hard and close grained.[8] In conjunction with this, the wood has been used by the native Andamanese, who use the wood for house building, planking and canoe building. Pajanelia also has uses within traditional south Asian medicine.[5] It may be resistant to white ant attacks,[6] and is pollinated by various species of bats.[5]
Gallery
Leaf structure_(6782814676).jpg.webp)
Leaf structure_(6782796022).jpg.webp)
Flower panicle
Close-up of flower
References
- indiabiodiversity.org, retrieved 16 July 2018
- Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, retrieved 23 September 2018
- Pajanelia - efloraofindia, retrieved 10 October 2018
- biotik.org, retrieved 10 September 2018
- Useful Tropical Plants, retrieved 16 July 2018
- "Pajanelia longifolia, Flora Malesiana", Cybertaxonomy.org, retrieved 23 September 2018
- Pajanelia longifolia - Keralaplants.in, retrieved 16 July 2018
- Lim, S.C.; Gam, K.S. (2006). "Identification and utilization of lesser-known commercial timbers in Peninsular Malaysia 5: Balek Angin, Bayur Bukit, Bebatu and Beka". Timber Technology Bulletin.
Further reading
External links
Media related to Pajanelia at Wikimedia Commons