Paramesvaravarman I (Champa)

Jaya Paramesvaravarman I (Sanskrit: परमेश्वरवर्मन् १; Chinese: 波羅密首羅跋摩一世; Vietnamese: Phê Mị Thuế) was the king of Champa of the Sixth dynasty, ruling from 972 to 982.

Paramesvaravarman I
Raja-di-raja
King of Champa
Reign972–982
Coronation972
PredecessorJaya Indravarman I
SuccessorJaya Indravarman IV
Born?
Indrapura, Champa
Died982
Indrapura, Champa
Full name
Jaya Paramesvaravarman I (परमेश्वरवर्मन् १)
FatherJaya Indravarman I
Mother?
ReligionMahayana Buddhism

Paramesvaravarman I showed great punctuality in relations with Song China. He sent no less than seven embassies between 972 and 979.[1] Champa went to conflict with the new independent Vietnamese kingdom of Đại Việt during his reign. In October 979, king Đinh Bộ Lĩnh and prince Đinh Liễn of Dai Viet were killed by a eunuch named Đỗ Thích while they were sleeping in the palace courtyard, and unrest took placed in Dai Viet. After hearing the news, Ngô Nhật Khánh, a formal Vietnamese royal dissent exiling in Champa, encouraged Paramesvaravarman I, to invade Đại Việt. However ill-fated expedition was scuttled by a typhoon.[2][3] In the following year, the new ruler of Dai Viet, Lê Hoàn after tempered his kingdom and fended off a Chinese invasion in 981, immediately sent a envoy to Champa. When Paramesvaravarman I arrested the envoy Ngô Tử Canh and Từ Mục, that angered Lê Hoàn.[1]

In 982, Lê Hoàn organized a retaliatory expedition to Champa. The Vietnamese army killed Paramesvaravarman I, sacked Indrapura, and carried off women from the king's entourage, gold, silver, and other precious objects and even a Buddhist monk from India.[4][5] His successor Jaya Indravarman IV took refuge in the south while appealing in vain for Chinese help.[6][7]

References
  1. Coedès 1968, p. 124.
  2. Maspero 2002, p. 56.
  3. Kiernan 2019, p. 144.
  4. Maspero 2002, p. 57.
  5. Kiernan 2019, p. 146.
  6. Hall 1981, p. 203.
  7. Coedès 1968, p. 125.

Bibliography
  • Kiernan, Ben (2019), Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780190053796
  • Hall, Daniel George Edward (1981), History of South East Asia, Macmillan Education, Limited, ISBN 978-1-349-16521-6
  • Maspero, Georges (2002), The Champa Kingdom, White Lotus Co., Ltd, ISBN 978-9747534993
  • Coedès, George (1968), Vella, Walter F. (ed.), The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, University of Hawaii Press., ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.