Parides

Cattleheart butterflies
	Parides aeneas - Muséum de Toulouse
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Subfamily:	Papilioninae
Tribe:	Troidini
Genus:	Parides; Hübner, [1819]
Species
	Numerous, see text
Synonyms
	Hectorides Hübner, 1821; Endopogon Lacordaire, 1833; Ascanides Geyer, 1837; Blakea Grote, 1875;

Parides, commonly called cattlehearts, is a genus of swallowtail butterflies in the family Papilionidae. They are found in the Americas (Neotropical realm).

Species

Listed alphabetically within groups according to Möhn et al., with annotations according to Wilts et al. (2014):[1]

species group: ascanius (disputed: basal/plesiomorphic?)

Parides agavus (Drury, 1782)
Parides alopius (Godman & Salvin, [1890]) – white-dotted cattleheart
Parides ascanius (Cramer, [1775]) – Fluminense swallowtail
Parides bunichus (Hübner, [1821])
Parides gundlachianus (C. & R. Felder, 1864) – Cuban cattleheart (anchises group?)
Parides montezuma (Westwood, 1842) – Montezuma's cattleheart (possibly new panthonus group)
Parides phalaecus (Hewitson, 1869)
Parides photinus (Doubleday, 1844) – pink-spotted cattleheart (basal in anchises group?)
Parides proneus (Hübner, [1831])

species group: klagesi (incertae sedis)

species group: chabrias

Parides chabrias (Hewitson, 1852)
Parides hahneli (Staudinger, 1882) – Hahnel's Amazonian swallowtail
Parides mithras (Grose-Smith, 1902)
Parides pizarro (Staudinger, 1884) – formerly P. steinbachi (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)
Parides quadratus (Staudinger, 1890)
Parides vercingetorix (Oberthür, 1888) – formerly P. coelus (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)

species group: aeneas

Parides aeneas (Linnaeus, 1758)
Parides aglaope (Gray, [1853]) (ascanius group/incertae sedis?)
Parides burchellanus (Westwood, 1872) (possibly new panthonus group)
Parides echemon (Hübner, [1813])
Parides eurimedes (Stoll, [1782]) – pink-checked cattleheart or mylotes cattleheart
Parides lysander (Cramer, [1775]) – Lysander cattleheart (possibly basalmost living species of group)
Parides neophilus (Geyer, 1837) – neophilus cattleheart
Parides orellana (Hewitson, 1852) (tentatively placed here)
Parides panthonus (Cramer, [1780]) – panthonus cattleheart (possibly new panthonus group)
Parides tros (Fabricius, 1793)
Parides zacynthus (Fabricius, 1793)

species group: sesostris (sister to aeneas and/or anchises group/s?)

species group: anchises

Gerardo Lamas (edited by) (2004). Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainesville, FL. ISBN 0-945417-28-4
Jeffrey Glassberg (2007). A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America. Sunstreak Books Inc. ISBN 978-1-4243-0915-3
Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca 1998. A cladistic analysis of the genus Parides Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Neue Ent. Nachr. (Marktleuthen),41:119-131.pdf
Edwin Möhn, 2006 Schmetterlinge der Erde, Butterflies of the world Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. Parides. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. ISBN 978-3-937783-27-7 (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli)
Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. Novitates Zoologicae 13: 411-752. online (and as pdf) (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967).

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