Paris-Saclay University

The Paris-Saclay University (French: Université Paris-Saclay) is a public research university in France. It is part of the Paris-Saclay project, which is a research-intensive academic campus and business cluster being developed on the Plateau de Saclay near Paris, and is the main center for training and research within the technology cluster of Paris-Saclay.[4][5] The University integrates several French leading grandes écoles, leading faculties, colleges and research centers that are part of the world's top research organizations in various fields.[6][7]

Paris-Saclay University
Université Paris-Saclay


Former name
University of Paris Sud XI
Paris Faculty of Sciences in Orsay
TypePublic research university
Establishedc. 1150 University of Paris
1956 University of Paris in Orsay
1971 Paris-Sud University
2014 As a community[1]
2019 Replaces Paris-Sud University
ChancellorChristophe Kerrero (Chancellor of the universities of Paris)
PresidentSylvie Retailleau[2]
Academic staff
10,500[3]
Students60,000[3]
Undergraduates5,400
Postgraduates23,300
6,000
Location
Orsay, Palaiseau, Paris, Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
,
Île-de-France
,
France

48.7117343°N 2.1712888°E / 48.7117343; 2.1712888
CampusCampus of Saclay (Orsay - Gif), Campus of Versailles, Campus of Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Campus of Paris
Websiteuniversite-paris-saclay.fr

Paris-Saclay has achieved particular renown in mathematics.[8] 10 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with the university.

The Paris-Saclay University was ranked 14th in the world in the 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranking. In subject rankings, it was placed 1st in the world for Mathematics and 9th in the world for Physics (1st in Europe), as well as receiving a top 25 place for Medicine and Agriculture.[9]

History

In 2019, the Paris-Saclay University succeeded to University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) founded in 1971,[10] which itself succeeded to University of Paris founded c. 1150.

After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. The University of Paris, the École Normale Supérieure and the Collège de France looked for space in the south of Paris near Orsay. Later some of the teaching activity of the Faculty of Sciences in Paris was transferred to Orsay in 1956 at the request of Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. The rapid increase of students led to the independence of the Orsay Center on March 1, 1965. It became the University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) in 1971.

Now it hosts a great number of laboratories on its large (236 ha) campus in Paris-Saclay. Many of the top French laboratories are among them especially in particle physics,[11] nuclear physics,[12][13] astrophysics,[14] atomic physics and molecular physics,[15] condensed matter physics,[16] theoretical physics,[17] electronics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.[18]

The Paris-Saclay University was established in 2015 as a universities community (ComUE) and in 2019 as a university, with the aim to become a top-ranking, research-focused French university. In order to be recognized as an entity of sufficient size and quality, the university regroups some of the top grandes écoles in France with public universities under a single campus on the Saclay plateau. Each member institution will remain independent but share a significant portion of existing and newly invested resources. This follows a model similar to the one adopted by University of Oxford and Cambridge, where each constituent college keeps its independence while being grouped under a 'university'.[5]

The University System's first academic year started in September 2015.[19]

According to Dominique Vernay, chairman of the foundation developing Paris-Saclay, the university aims at a top-ten position in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), but "the first goal is to be the top university in continental Europe".[6]

Furthermore, the university aims to contribute to maximizing the economic and business potential of the Paris-Saclay project through research, via university and research spin-offs, as well as industrial research collaboration with established companies.[20]

In January 2020, it replaced University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) and in 2025, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ) and Université d’Évry-Val-d’Essonne (UEVE) will merge with it as well.[21]

In June 2020, Paris-Saclay University ranked 14th in Shanghai Ranking's top 1000 universities in the world, and first worldwide for Mathematics by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and 9th worldwide for Physics (1st in Europe).[22]

On July 14, 2020, a study by researchers from the Paris-Saclay Medical School on a case of transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection was published in the British journal Nature.[23] The study concerns the case of a pregnant woman, in the last trimester of pregnancy, admitted to Paris-Saclay University Hospital Antoine-Béclère in March 2020.[24]

Organisation and administration

The Paris-Saclay University comprises 14 institutions (1 undergraduate school, 5 faculties / schools, 4 grandes écoles / graduate schools, 3 university institutes of technology, 7 research centers and 2 associate universities).

It combines resources from the following French universities and grandes écoles, as well as partial resources from various research organizations and the Systematic Paris-Region cluster:[20]

Initially, the community of universities also included five other grandes écoles: École Polytechnique, Télécom Paris, Telecom SudParis, ENSTA Paris and ENSAE Paris. However, due to differences in University set-up, these five schools created their own separate university Polytechnic Institute of Paris. This was announced by French President Emmanuel Macron during a speech in Paris-Saclay.[25] Both of these clusters plan to co-operate and they engage in organization of several master's degrees with the Paris-Saclay University.[26]

Faculties and departments
NameFoundation[27] Academic degreeFieldStudents Campus
Paris-Saclay Undergraduate School (College) 2019 Undergraduate Law, economics and science 13,000[28] Paris-Saclay, Guyancourt, Sceaux, Évry-Courcouronnes
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sciences1956 and 1971 Undergraduate and postgraduateScience10,000 Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Law, Economics and Management1968Law and economics6,000 Sceaux
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Pharmacy1972Medicine3,500 Châtenay-Malabry
Paris-Saclay Medical School19713,400 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sports Sciences 1985 Science 1,500 Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Polytechnic School 2004 Engineering 820 Paris-Saclay
Orsay University Institute of Technology 1971 Science and engineering 440 Paris-Saclay
Sceaux University Institute of Technology 1970 1,500 Sceaux
Cachan University Institute of Technology 1971 1,000 Cachan

"Grandes Écoles" or graduate schools
NameFoundation[27] Academic degreeFieldStudents Campus
AgroParisTech (Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences) 1826 PostgraduateLife sciences2,420 Paris-Saclay
CentraleSupélec
(École Centrale Paris and Supélec)		1829 and 1894Science and engineering4,480
(2,505 and 1,975)		 Paris-Saclay, Rennes, Metz
ENS Paris-Saclay (École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay) 1892Science1,360 Paris-Saclay
Institut d'optique Graduate School1917Optics440 Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Law 2019 Law Guyancourt, Sceaux
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Physics 2019 Physics Paris-Saclay, Versailles, Évry-Courcouronnes
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Economics and Management 2019 Economics Guyancourt, Sceaux
Institute of Light Sciences 2019 Science Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Life Sciences and Health 2019 Life Sciences and Health Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Mathematics (in partnership with Institut Polytechnique de Paris) 2019 Mathematics Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Sociology and Political science 2019 Politics and sociology Guyancourt, Sceaux
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Engineering and Systems sciences (with CentraleSupélec) 2019 Science and engineering Paris-Saclay
Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Computer Science 2019

Associated universities
NameFoundation[27] Academic degreeFieldStudents Campus
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University1987 and 1991 Undergraduate and postgraduateScience, social science and life science19,000 Versailles, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, Guyancourt
University of Évry Val d'Essonne1991Science, social science and life science10,500 Évry-Courcouronnes

Research organizations

The following research organizations have established research centers within the Paris-Saclay University. The resources contributed by these organizations will remain largely independent from other member institutions. Once the University of Paris-Saclay is fully integrated, its research centers are expected to achieve a profile similar to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Caltech:

  • CEA (Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission)
  • CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research)
  • Inria (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation)
  • INSERM (French Institute of Health and Medical Research)
  • Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies)
  • INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Sciences)
  • ONERA (National Board of Study and Aerospace Research)
  • SOLEIL (national synchrotron facility)
  • Paris-Saclay Pascal Institute

Academic programs

Each member school of the Paris-Saclay University organizes training in a given scientific field. Depending on the needs of their registered program, a student enrolled in a particular graduate school will have access to academic resources from other schools.

The various fields of study available at Paris-Saclay University are broadly categorized into the following:

  • Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food, Society, Environment (Biodiversité, Agriculture et Alimentation, Société, Environnement) ;
  • Biology, Medicine, Pharmaceutical studies (Biologie, Médecine, Pharmacie) ;
  • Law, Political Science (Droit et Science Politique) ;
  • Humanities (Humanités) ;
  • Engineering, Sciences and Information Technologies (Ingénierie, Sciences et Technologies de l’information) ;
  • Sport and Human Motion Sciences (Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain) ;
  • Basic Sciences (Sciences Fondamentales) ;
  • Social Sciences (Sciences Sociales).

The academic programs in each of the 8 schools is expected to follow the Anglo-American model:[29]

  • Paris-Saclay Undergraduate School – The Bachelor's program is provided by Paris-Saclay faculties and the 2 public universities within Paris-Saclay, which are Versailles-Saint-Quentin University and University of Évry Val-d'Essonne.
  • Paris-Saclay Graduate Schools – Master's degrees are taught in both French and English. Altogether, 49 Master's degree are offered.[30]
  • Paris-Saclay Research or Doctoral Schools – PhD programs are offered through 20 doctoral schools.[19] Doctoral degrees received after September 30, 2015 are awarded under the name "Paris-Saclay University", with a mention of the student's associated university or grande école.

Research programmes

The Paris-Saclay University gathers together more than 300 research units, organized into 10 doctoral schools:[31]

  • Chemistry (Chimie)
  • Electrical engineering, optics and electronics (EOE: Ingénierie électrique, optique et électronique)
  • Mathematics (Mathématiques)
  • Mechanics, energy and physical processes (MEP: Mécanique, énergétique et procédés)
  • Subatomic physics and astrophysics (P2I: Physique des deux infinis)
  • Wave and matter physics (PHOM: Physique des ondes et de la matière)
  • Planetary science and cosmology (SPU: Sciences de la planète et de l'Univers)
  • Life sciences (SDV: Sciences de la Vie)
  • Human and social sciences (SHS: Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société)
  • Information and communication sciences and technologies (STIC: Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication).

University rankings

The Paris-Saclay University has been awarded the 14th world rank in the 2020 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) ranking. It replaces University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) in January 2020 which ranked 37 globally in 2019.[32] The same year it also has been awarded the 32nd world rank in the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR).[33]

In an independent simulation performed by the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) in 2014, the Paris-Saclay University scored 39.8 (or 43.2 if all Research Organizations are counted), ranking the university in the 27th position (resp. 21st).[34] On October 19, 2016, the executive director responsible for the annual update and new development of the ARWU visited the Paris-Saclay cluster.[35]

University rankings
Global – Overall
ARWU World[36]14 (2020)
CWUR World[37]32 (2020-2021)
QS World[38]305 (2021)
THE World[39]178 (2021)

University Paris-Saclay was included in the 2019 edition of U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking. University Paris-Saclay was ranked 30 globally, 7th in Europe and 1st in France. It was ranked 1st in Europe for physics (5th internationally) and 1st internationally for mathematics.[40]

In the future, the Paris-Saclay cluster is hoped to help France secure a place among the world's top ten universities, and bring French education and research into the limelight.[5]

Nobel and Fields laureates

See also

References
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  2. "Sylvie Retailleau elected President of Université Paris-Saclay". universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  3. "A World Class University". epps.fr. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2016-11-06.
  4. Université Paris-Sud / Zee Agency. "Paris-Sud University is part of Paris-Saclay's project – Université Paris-Sud". u-psud.fr.
  5. "France plans elite top-10 mega-university". BBC.com. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
  6. Staley, Oliver (13 March 2014). "Nations Chasing Harvard Merge Colleges to Ascend Rankings". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  7. Nic Mitchell "Big is beautiful for merging universities",BBC News,25 November 2015
  8. "Ranking of mathematics departments".
  9. Nouvelle, L'Usine (2020-07-12). "L'Université Paris-Saclay, première en maths – Technos et Innovations" (in French). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  10. à 12h31, Par Lola BretonLe 8 juillet 2020 (2020-07-08). "Paris-Saclay à la première place en maths du classement de Shanghai, «une conséquence de notre politique»". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  11. Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire. Lal.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
  12. Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay. ipnwww.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 2019-11-03.
  13. https://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/en
  14. Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale. ias.u-psud.fr. Retrieved 2019-11-03
  15. Laboratoire Aimé Cotton – UPR 3321. Lac.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
  16. Laboratory of Solid State Physics, http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/?lang=en
  17. [Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d’Orsay]. Th.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 2014-06-16.
  18. Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies. c2n.universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 2019-11-03
  19. "Creation of University of Paris-Saclay". Universite Paris Sud/.
  20. "Towards Université Paris-Saclay". www.campus-paris-saclay.fr. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  21. "Université Paris-Saclay to become one of the LERU members in 2020". 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019.
  22. Nouvelle, L'Usine (2020-07-12). "L'Université Paris-Saclay, première en maths – Technos et Innovations" (in French). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  23. Vivanti, Alexandre J.; Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle; Prevot, Sophie; Zupan, Veronique; Suffee, Cecile; Do Cao, Jeremy; Benachi, Alexandra; De Luca, Daniele (2020-07-14). "Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6. ISSN 2041-1723.
  24. "Covid-19 : un cas de transmission intra-utérine via le placenta publié dans Nature Communication". www.aphp.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  25. "Discours du président de la République, Emmanuel Macron, sur le campus de Saclay". elysee.fr (in French). Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  26. "Institut Polytechnique de Paris officially established". www.telecom-paris.fr. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  27. Foundation of the oldest constituent part of the school
  28. "Université Paris-Saclay : Ouverture en septembre du premier cycle universitaire". Les Echos (in French). 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2020-08-06.
  29. "Foundation of Paris-Saclay University" (PDF). Universite Paris Sud/.
  30. "Masters Programs at Paris-Saclay". Universite-paris-saclay.fr/.
  31. "Various Labs at Paris-Saclay". Universite-paris-saclay.fr/.
  32. "University of Paris-Sud (Paris 11) | Academic Ranking of World Universities – 2019 | Shanghai Ranking – 2019". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  33. "Center for World University Rankings 2020-2021". cwur.org.
  34. "Les COMUE et le classement de Shanghai ARWU 2014" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 21 Sep 2016.
  35. "Visit of the Executive Director of the "Shanghai Ranking" at the Université Paris-Saclay | Université Paris Saclay". www.universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  36. "ARWU World University Rankings 2020 | Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 | Top 500 universities | Shanghai Ranking - 2020". www.shanghairanking.com.
  37. "Center for World University Rankings 2020-2021". cwur.org.
  38. "QS World University Rankings 2021". topuniversities.com.
  39. "THE World University Rankings 2021". timeshighereducation.com.
  40. "Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
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