Polyommatus damon

Polyommatus damon, the Damon blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae.

Polyommatus damon
Polyommatus damon. Male, upperface
Polyommatus damon. Female, upperface
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Lycaenidae
Genus: Polyommatus
Species:
P. damon
Binomial name
Polyommatus damon
Synonyms
  • Agrodiatus damon
  • Lycaena damon

Subspecies

Subspecies include:[1]

  • Polyommatus damon damon - (Central and Southern Europe)
  • Polyommatus damon kotshubeji (Sovinsky, 1915) – (Transcaucasia)
  • Polyommatus damon merzbacheri (Courvoisier, 1913) - (Dzungarian Alatau Mountains)
  • Polyommatus damon mongolensis (Koçak, 1980) – (Mongolia, South Siberia, Altai mountains)
  • Polyommatus damon noguerae (De Sagarra, 1924) – (Central and Northern Spain)
  • Polyommatus damon ultramarina (Schawerda, 1924) - (Alps)
  • Polyommatus damon zhicharevi (Sovinsky, 1915) - (North Caucasus, South East Europe)

Distribution and habitat

The Damon blue can be found in Central and Southern Europe (central Spain, Pyrenees, Alps, Balkans and the Carpathians) and across the Palearctic to Siberia, Mongolia and the Altai [1] This mountain species inhabits dry bushy or light woodlands and open grassy places at an elevation of 1,000–2,100 metres (3,300–6,900 ft) above sea level.[2][3][4]

Polyommatus damon. Female, underface

Description

Polyommatus damon has a wingspan of 20–34 mm.[2] These small butterflies present a sexual dimorphism. The upperside of the wings is shining blue in males, with broad black borders and prominent veins. The upperside of the wings is brown in females. The underface of wings is ocher or pale grey-brown with a series of brown-black spots surrounded by white. Hindwings shows a white streak in both sexes. Both sexes have also a white fringe.[2][3][5]

Description in Seitz

L. damon Schiff. (= biton Sulz.) (81 h). -male large, brilliant shy-blue with a greenish tinge, the margin broadly black, the bright brown underside with or without ocelli, but always with a sharply marked white mesial streak. Female dark brown, above sometimes without traces of reddish submarginal spots.Central and South Europe, throughout Anterior and Central Asia as far as the Tian-shan. — Specimens entirely without ocelli on the hindwing beneath are ab. gillmeri Krod. (= caeca Aign.) while individuals with the ocelli distorted into oval spots or streaks, produced by Krodel by low temperature, are ab. extensa Krod. In ab. agraphomaena Verity the white streak of the underside is obsolescent, while ab. ferreti Farre is a dwarfed form of the male with narrow border on the upperside. — Larva greenish yellow, finely and densely hairy, alternately striped with paler and darker green, the head being brownish and the side-line darker or paler ydlow; until June on Esparset. The ants are so much after it that the presence of some larvae in a breeding cage in a room is sufficient to bring into the house whole crowds of ants, which gather about the cages, sometimes as many as ten ants being found on one larva. Pupa ochreous, above greenish, darker along the back. The butterflies occur in July and August on fields of Sainfoin and do not venture far away from them. They are plentiful where they occur.[6]

Biology

The butterfly flies from June to August. The larvae feed on Onobrychis species and Medicago falcata.[1] Larvae are attended by ants (Lasius niger, Lasius alienus, Formica pratensis).[7][8]

  • Mating pair
  • Female, underface
  • Male, underface
  • Feeding on nectar

References
  1. Funet
  2. Simon Coombe Captain's European Butterfly Guide
  3. Matt Rowlings Euro Butterflies
  4. "Fauna europaea". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
  5. Butterflies and Moths DK Pocket Nature
  6. Seitz, A. Seitz, A. ed. Band 1: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen Tagfalter, 1909, 379 Seiten, mit 89 kolorierten Tafeln (3470 Figuren) This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
  8. Guide des papillons d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord, Delachaux et Niestlé,Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington, (ISBN 978-2-603-01649-7)
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