Port Richmond, Philadelphia

Port Richmond is a neighborhood in the River Wards section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is notable for its extremely large Polish immigrant and Polish American community.[1] Before the Polish settled, Port Richmond was first discovered by Jacques Lafayette, a famous pirate in the 1700s. The neighborhood is also home to a large Irish American community and sizable German and Italian communities as represented in the various churches and organizations. In more recent years, a sizable Albanian community has moved in. The Richmond Zip Code is 19134 and 19125.

Port Richmond
Neighborhood of Philadelphia
Richmond Street, one of the area’s main thoroughfares (2005).
Port Richmond
Coordinates:
Country United States
StatePennsylvania
CountyPhiladelphia County
CityPhiladelphia
Area code(s)215, 267 and 445

The neighborhood is bounded by the Castor Avenue to the northeast, Somerset Street to the southwest, the Delaware River to the southeast, and Trenton Avenue/the railroad to the northwest. While there is some dispute about the western boundary of the neighborhood, some people stating either Aramingo Avenue or Frankford Avenue, general consensus among residents on either side of Trenton Avenue or the railroad is that those east of it claim Port Richmond and those west of it claim Kensington.

While some have referred to Port Richmond as Richmond, there is an area named Richmond, not colloquially used often, that refers to the most northeast section of the neighborhood. Adjacent neighborhoods are Bridesburg to the northeast, Juniata to the north, Harrowgate and Kensington to the west, Fishtown and Olde Richmond to the southwest.

History

Colonial and coal eras
Colliers at Port Richmond circa 1875

In colonial times, most of today's Port Richmond was owned by Anthony Palmer, the founder of Philadelphia's Kensington neighborhood. Palmer put together various parcels of land starting around 1704. He named the estate he built "Hope Farm," and in 1729 sold this estate to William Ball. Palmer then purchased the old Fairman Mansion estate which bordered on the south of "Hope Farm" and built his town of Kensington. Over time some manufacturing began at the southern end of "Hope Farm" and this area became known as Balltown. There were glass and textile concerns located there during the later part of the 18th century.

During the 1800s, with the advent of the steam engine aboard ships, Port Richmond was a major terminus for colliers who received coal from the Reading Railroad facility at the port, and transported it to steam ships at other locations. Colliers, as well as other merchant and military ships, continued to visit Port Richmond for coal until after World War I when coal-burning steam engines on ships were replaced by more modern oil and diesel engines.[2]

Early 20th century
Allegheny Avenue looking west from Richmond Street
Salmon Street, a typical area side street

Port Richmond, at the beginning of the century, was a working-class neighborhood, and most workers simply walked to their nearby workplaces with lunch pail in hand. Cars were not common and those who had them stored them in stables. Stables for horses and cars were located in various parts of the area. Streets—unlike now—were generally free of parked vehicles, allowing hucksters and other vendors space to easily proceed down the narrow side streets with their horse and wagon on a daily basis.[3]

European immigrants arrived in large numbers and lost no time in scrimping and working long hours to earn sufficient money to purchase modest row homes, such as those along Chatham Street. Usually, the only heat in such homes was provided by a coal-fired range in a tiny kitchen. Some comfort could be had in the fact that these homes contained tiny rooms, generally two downstairs and two upstairs, and were easy to keep warm from the heat of the kitchen range. Such homes were generally twelve feet wide, and the entire length of the house was about twenty four feet. Cellars consisted of plain dirt floors. The fact that the homes were row homes, which were joined together by common walls, helped them retain heat during cold winter spells. Only the fronts and backs of each home presented themselves to the coldness of winter. Why the cellars along Chatham Street, for example, contained dirt floors is not entirely clear, unless it was because the cellars were used simply for wood or coal storage or because cement was not a widely used product at the time.[3]

A ton of coal sold at the time for about four or five dollars and would be sufficient for the entire winter. However, most people bought coal by the bucket from a street peddler who came by daily in his horse-drawn carriage.[3] The outsides of these homes consisted of wooden steps and brick sidewalks. Since this type of housing was of economic construction, the bricks in the sidewalk were laid in a crosshatch pattern in sand. When bricks were used in construction of the walls of the house, the mortar mix was made from lime and sand.[3]

Chatham Street homes were constructed in the late 19th century. Later, row homes in Port Richmond were generally sixteen feet wide and contained a cemented cellar, a coal-fired heater, and an upstairs bath for a total of for a total of five or six rooms. Such newer homes, like those on Almond Street, for example, increased in size as prosperity improved for the residents. These homes were palatial when compared with Chatham Street homes, and contained a coal-fired furnace that provided central heat. They generally consisted of three bedrooms and a bath upstairs, and also a living room, dining room, and a kitchen downstairs. (See the Salmon Street photo for examples of this type of row home.)[3]

Port Richmond residents were frugal and bought produce from the many street vendors who came by daily with their horse-drawn carts, loaded with fresh vegetables from nearby farms, located not very far away. Housewives could buy cabbage, cucumbers, potatoes, apples, and other vegetables by the bushel and store or preserve them for the winter. Gas mains were installed in the neighborhood by the city of Philadelphia, and gas was metered into each home for cooking and illumination. The meter was in the basement, and required someone in the household to occasionally feed it coins to keep the gas flowing. On Port Richmond sidewalks, tall gas lamps illuminated the streets. During each evening a lamplighter would come by to light the street lamps by igniting them with a very long device he held up in his hands.[3]

Wars
USS Indiana, the first modern battleship was built at Cramp Shipyard in 1891

Port Richmond played a major maritime role in American wars from the American Revolution and onward through World War II. The William Cramp & Sons Shipbuilding Company, established in 1830 and located nearby, provided skilled work for local workers, who built the battleships USS Indiana and the USS Massachusetts for the Spanish–American War in the late 19th century. The shipyard, and others in the area, also built surface ships during the American Civil War—such as USS Kensington—and during World War I, and World War II when Cramps' workforce employed 18,000 skilled workers.

During World War II, Port Richmond contained numerous docks and wharves for the loading and unloading of war cargo. In addition, the riverside area contained numerous ancillary facilities, such as warehouses, workshops, and offices. The Reading Railroad had used the port as a terminus for the transfer of coal, and, during the war, railroad service remained a vital function of the port, for its ability to quickly transfer goods to and from the port. The old Orinoka Mills in Richmond, was used as a training and wartime production facility in association with Mastbaum during the war. Today, the port is smaller than it was in World War II, although some marine services still remain, such as the Tioga Marine Terminal at Tioga and Delaware Avenue.

Railroad derailments

Frankford Junction in Port Richmond is an important point on the Northeast Corridor rail artery, as well as being the site of several major rail accidents. On September 6, 1943, the northbound Congressional Limited, a nonstop Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train, bound from Washington, D.C., to New York City, derailed near Port Richmond, killing 79 people and injuring 117 others. On May 12, 2015, at the same site, an Amtrak train derailed.

Culture
The Lithuanian Music Hall on Allegheny Avenue in Port Richmond

Port Richmond is a vibrant neighborhood with a deep and proud cultural history encompassing several centuries.

Stores, some located down side streets, are small and numerous because of the nature of the existing row home architecture where row homes and homefronts have been converted to use as stores. However, many of these stores and drinking establishments offer food, drink and charm which is unique to the neighborhood.

Many Port Richmond homes have been refurbished and are now occupied increasingly by younger people, who no longer walk to work at the once bustling Port Richmond docks or to the tanneries and looms of their predecessors, but are employed in various parts of the city of Philadelphia, returning home in the evenings to the comfort of their picturesque neighborhood. Unfortunately, as the narrow side streets are a product of the horse-and-buggy era, car parking is a problem.

The Russell H. Conwell School, George L. Horn School, John Paul Jones Junior High School, James Martin School, Thomas Powers School, Richmond School, and Francis E. Willard School are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[4]

Polish heritage
St. Adalbert Church on Allegheny Avenue.

There are many Polish delis and restaurants throughout the neighborhood, evidence of the Polish ethnic background of the neighborhood. The neighborhood continues to attract Polish immigrants.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries when immigration was at its peak in Philadelphia, Polish people settled on farms in Port Richmond. Soon, the Polish population increased massively, which produced rowhomes with their notable marble steps, and creation of Saint Adalbert Church, which was built in Polish Cathedral style.

Today, there are a number of restaurants and stores in the area of Richmond Street and Allegheny Avenue that cater to the Polish-American community. The former Krakus Market on Richmond Street offered a large selection of Polish and Eastern European foods, including a variety of kiebasy, Polish canned goods, Polish newspapers and various types of Polish pastries, such as Babka, Chrusciki and Paczki. Philadelphia’s award-winning Polish American String Band which marches in the Mummers Parade down Broad Street on New Year’s Day, sometimes marches and struts through the neighborhood, as on Port Richmond’s Memorial Day celebration.

A half-dozen blocks west on Allegheny from Richmond Street, there is an ancient park, Campbell's Square, where neighborhood children play and where special community events are sometimes held.

Despite its strong Polish roots, where even now, many still speak the language in ordinary conversation, the area has also served other nationalities, such as the Lithuanians. In addition to the area's Polish ethnicity, Lithuanians—who have historically always been strongly linked with the Polish nation—hold their festivals and dances, as well as catered affairs for the community, at the Lithuanian Dance Hall on Allegheny Avenue, just a few blocks west of Richmond Street. The Lithuanian Music Hall is currently the home of the Theatre Company of Port Richmond, a community theater providing entertainment to the community since 1984.

Demographics

Port Richmond is largely a working-class Polish American community, and has been so for decades. As of the 2010 Census, Port Richmond was 76.7% non Hispanic white, 14.7% Hispanic of any race, 5.8% non Hispanic black, 1.8% Asian, and 1.1% all other.[5] A more recent US Census estimate released in 2014 for the year 2013., indicates that the Port Richmond community is much more diverse. For example, zip code 19134 with 60,000 inhabitants, has 23,000 Puerto Ricans and 5550 Polish Americans. Zipcode 19125 has 1400 Polish Americans. In Port Richmond, as in every old ethnic enclave in Philadelphia, demographic change is occurring at a rapid pace.[6]

Principal thoroughfares
Richmond Street stores.
Krakus Polish supermarket in Port Richmond

The main thoroughfares of Port Richmond are Allegheny Avenue, running east/west, Richmond Street and Aramingo Avenue, both running north/south.

Allegheny Avenue is the location of the largest Catholic church in the area Nativity B.V.M. as well as Our Lady Help of Christians Church. Their children, along with St. Adalbert's attend Our Lady of Port Richmond Regional Catholic School.

Richmond Street, south of Allegheny Avenue, runs parallel to Interstate 95 and contains a large number of Polish shops which serve the local Polish community. Krakus supermarket is shown in the photo at right. Syrenica, a Polish restaurant, is located across the street from Krakus.

Italian and Polish bakeries bake fresh bread and various traditional pastries and meats. A small luncheon restaurant called "Kitty's" (formerly "Rats") features a collage of pictures that splash the walls with the history of the neighborhood. It is located on the corner of Salmon and Somerset streets.

Port Richmond is also historically noted for the trolley tracks that run down Richmond Street (see photo at top of page) along the Delaware River. The trolleys have recently been restored and are running again.

Center City Philadelphia, with its metropolitan stores and historic tourist attractions, is not that far away. There is a southbound entrance to Interstate 95 on Allegheny Avenue, a half block east of Richmond Street, and I-95 will quickly take you to Center City Philadelphia, areas of South Philadelphia or the Philadelphia International Airport. On the other hand, to see the dynamic structures of Old City, Philadelphia, a drive to center city could be made south on Richmond Street and continuing on south on Delaware Avenue, providing a wonderful view of what remains of the ship terminals that once made the Port of Philadelphia a bustling seaport.

The Port Richmond Trail is part of the East Coast Greenway.

Religion

Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Catholic Church opened in 1882, and two others later opened: St. Adalbert in Philadelphia and Our Lady Help of Christians.[7] On July 1, 2019 St. Adalbert and Nativity BVM, along with Mother of Divine Grace Parish and Saint George Parish, merged into a single congregation.[8] St. Adalbert was chosen as the parish church of the merged Nativity BVM, which was renamed St. John Paul II Parish.[9]

Education
Richmond Branch

The School District of Philadelphia operates public schools.

Our Lady of Port Richmond Regional School was established in September 2008 by the merger of Nativity B.V.M, Our Lady Help of Christians, and St. Adalbert.[10] Each of the predecessor schools had enrollments of about 200. The 2008 economic downturn prompted the schools to merge.[11] There were 545 students in the merged school in 2008, but the continued economic malaise resulted in declining enrollments. By 2016 enrollment was at about 400 and recovering.[12]

The Free Library of Philadelphia operates the Richmond Branch.[13]

Notable residents
  • Author and screenwriter Joe Augustyn attended St. Adalbert's, then Philadelphia's Central High and The American Film Institute in Los Angeles. He wrote and produced the cult horror film Night of the Demons, and now writes novels.
  • Emmy Award winning film and television editor Leo Trombetta grew up on Memphis Street and attended Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary grade school, Northeast Catholic High and Temple University before moving to New York City and then to Hollywood.
  • Actor and playwright Mark Borkowski grew up in Port Richmond before moving to New York to join the Actors Playhouse.

See also

References
  1. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved 2015-05-13.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Strahan (ed.), Edward (1875). A Century After, picturesque glimpses of Philadelphia and Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: Allen, Lane & Scott and J. W. Lauderbach.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  3. The Challenge of the Times, by Tom Bojanowski, 1992, privately published.
  4. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  5. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  6. US Census Bureau: American Factfinder 2009-2013
  7. "Port Richmond: For Now, Parish Futures Remain In Flux". Philadelphia Neighborhoods. Department of Journalism, Lew Klein College of Media, Temple University. 2015-06-23. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  8. Wood, Sam (2019-05-19). "4 archdiocese parishes in lower Northeast Philadelphia to merge effective July 1". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  9. "Decree of the Renaming of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary Parish, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to St. John Paul II Parish" (PDF). Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  10. "History". Our Lady of Port Richmond. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  11. "Port Richmond: Three Years Later, Our Lady of Port Richmond Survives". Philadelphia Neighborhoods. Department of Journalism, Lew Klein College of Media and Communication, Temple University. 2011-02-17. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  12. Kruczek, Morgan (2017-12-05). "Port Richmond: Neighborhood Sees A Fluctuation Of Private School Enrollment". Philadelphia Neighborhoods. Department of Journalism, Lew Klein College of Media and Communication, Temple University. Retrieved 2020-04-22.
  13. "Richmond Branch." Free Library of Philadelphia. Retrieved on October 19, 2012.
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