Predator (franchise)

Predator is a science fiction action anthology media franchise centered on the film series depicting mankind's encounters with a race of extraterrestrial trophy hunters known as the "Predator". Produced and distributed by 20th Century Fox, the series began with Predator (1987), directed by John McTiernan, and was followed by three sequels, Predator 2 (1990), Predators (2010), and The Predator (2018), directed by Stephen Hopkins, Nimród Antal, and Shane Black, respectively. The series has led to numerous novels, comics, and video game spin-offs such as Predator: Concrete Jungle (2005) and Predator: Hunting Grounds (2020), both of which received generally mixed reviews. The Alien vs. Predator franchise combines the continuities of the Alien franchise with the Predator franchise and consists of two films as well as varying series of comics, books, and video games.

Predator
Official franchise logo
Created byJim Thomas
John Thomas
Original workPredator (1987)
Owned by20th Century Studios
(The Walt Disney Company)
Years1987–present
Print publications
Book(s)List of books
Novel(s)List of novels
ComicsList of comics
Films and television
Film(s)
Short film(s)List of short films
Games
TraditionalList of board games
Video game(s)List of video games
Audio
Soundtrack(s)
Miscellaneous
PinballList of pinball

Setting

The Predator franchise depicts a series of deadly encounters between humanity and a hostile, trophy hunting, extraterrestrial species known as the Predators. Predominantly transpiring in the present day of the 20th and 21st century, the series comprises films that, while largely independent, portray human confrontations with Predators in different locations and time zones. The franchise's sole recurring plot detail has mercenaries and corporations, including the OWLF (The Other Worldly Life Forms Program) headed by CIA agent Peter Keyes and its successor Project Stargazer, headed by his son Sean Keyes, tracking the Predators whenever they appear. Both groups pursue them for different reasons; the former to eliminate them because they are seen as terrible threats, and the latter to capture them for scientific and military purposes.

Development

Predator was John McTiernan's first studio film as director. The studio hired screenplay writer Shane Black to not only play a supporting role in the film, but to keep an eye on McTiernan due to the director's inexperience.[1] Jean-Claude Van Damme was originally cast as the film's creature,[2] the idea being that the physical action star would use his martial arts skills to make the creature an agile, ninja-esque hunter. When compared to Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers, and Jesse Ventura, actors known for their bodybuilding regimes, it became apparent a more physically imposing man was needed to make the creature appear threatening. Eventually, Van Damme was removed from the film and replaced by the actor and mime artist Kevin Peter Hall.[3][4][5][6] A Van Damme easter egg was eventually featured in The Predator.[7]

The Predator creature's design is credited to special effects artist Stan Winston. While flying to Japan with Aliens director James Cameron, Winston, who had been hired to design the Predator, was doing concept art on the flight. Cameron saw what he was drawing and said, "I always wanted to see something with mandibles", and Winston subsequently included them in his designs.[3] Schwarzenegger recommended Winston after his experience working on The Terminator.[8][9]

The film's creature was originally designed with a long neck, a dog-like head and a single eye. This design was abandoned when it became apparent that the jungle locations would make shooting the complex design too difficult. Originally, the studio contracted the makeup effects for the alien from Richard Edlund's Boss Film Creature Shop. However, with problems filming the creature in Mexico and attempts to create a convincing monster of Van Damme, wearing a much different body suit, failing, makeup effects responsibilities were given to Winston and his studio, R/Greenberg Associates. According to former Boss Film Creature Shop makeup supervisor Steve Johnson, the makeup failed because of an impractical design by McTiernan that included 12-inch-length (300 mm) extensions that gave the creature a backward bent satyr-leg. The design did not work in the jungle locations. After six weeks of shooting in the jungles of Palenque, Mexico, the production had to shut down so that Winston could make the new creature. This took eight months and then filming resumed for five weeks.[6]

The clicking sound of the creature was provided by Peter Cullen. Despite his resolution not to voice any more monsters following injuries to his throat sustained during the ADR of King Kong, his agent convinced him to audition. The clicking sound was inspired by a mixture of the visual of the creature and his recollection of a dying horseshoe crab.[10]

R/Greenberg Associates created the film's optical effects, including the creature's ability to become invisible, its thermal vision point-of-view, its glowing blood, and the electric spark effects. The invisibility effect was achieved by having someone in a bright red suit (because it was the farthest opposite of the green of the jungle and the blue of the sky) the size of the creature. The take was then repeated without the actors using a 30% wider lens on the camera. When the two takes were combined optically, a vague outline of the alien could be seen with the background scenery bending around its shape. For the thermal vision, infrared film could not be used because it did not register in the range of body temperature wavelengths. The glowing blood was achieved by green liquid from chem-lite sticks used by campers. The electrical sparks were rotoscoped animation using white paper pin registered on portable light tables to black-and-white prints of the film frames. The drawings were composited by the optical crew for the finished effects.[11][12]

Also, in an interview on Predator Special Edition, actor Carl Weathers said many of the actors would secretly wake up as early as 3 a.m. to work out before the day's shooting, in order to look "pumped" during the scene. Weathers also stated that he would act as if his physique was naturally given to him, and would work out only after all the other actors were nowhere to be seen. It was reported that actor Sonny Landham was so unstable on the set that a bodyguard was hired; not to protect Landham, but to protect the other cast members from him.[13]

According to Schwarzenegger, filming was physically demanding as he had to swim in very cold water and spent three weeks covered in mud for the climactic battle with the alien. In addition, cast and crew endured very cold temperatures in the Mexican jungle that required heat lamps to be on all of the time. Schwarzenegger also faced the challenge of working with Kevin Peter Hall who could not see in the creature's suit. Hall could not see out of the mask and had to rehearse his scenes with it off and then memorize where everything was.

The film was particularly successful and subsequently inspired a number of comic books, video games and popular anecdotes within the media. Schwarzenegger was asked to reprise his role in a Predator sequel, but was already attached to Terminator 2: Judgment Day and could not accept the role. The character was rewritten from the developing sequel's script, and the sequel to Predator, directed by Stephen Hopkins, was scheduled for 1990.[14]

Due to excessive violence, Predator 2 was the first film to be given the newly instituted NC-17 rating in the United States. It was eventually rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America after being re-cut to its final theatrical length.[15] The film cast Danny Glover in the lead role, and reprised Kevin Peter Hall as the Predator. Also, returning to the role of Anna in the sequel, Elpidia Carrillo was slated to be in two scenes but was cut back to a brief appearance on a video screen in the government agents' surveillance trailer. Her character is showing damage to the Central American jungle caused by the explosion at the conclusion of the first film.

Films
Predator feature films
Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Producer(s)
Predator June 12, 1987 (1987-06-12) John McTiernan Jim Thomas and John Thomas Lawrence Gordon, Joel Silver and John Davis
Predator 2 November 21, 1990 (1990-11-21) Stephen Hopkins
Predators July 9, 2010 (2010-07-09) Nimród Antal Alex Litvak and Michael Finch John Davis, Robert Rodriguez and Elizabeth Avellán
The Predator September 14, 2018 (2018-09-14) Shane Black Fred Dekker and Shane Black John Davis
Untitled fifth film TBA Dan Trachtenberg Patrick Aison

Predator (1987)
Main article: Predator (film)

A spacecraft flies near Earth and releases an object which enters the atmosphere. Some time later, in a Central American jungle,[notes 1] Army Special Operations and Vietnam Veteran Major Alan "Dutch" Schaefer[notes 2] and his elite rescue team — Mac, Billy, Blain, Poncho, and Hawkins — are tasked by Dutch's former commanding officer, General Philips, with rescuing a foreign official and his aide held hostage by insurgents. CIA agent Dillon, a former commando and an old friend of Dutch from Vietnam War, is assigned to supervise the team over Dutch's objections.

The team discovers the wreckage of a helicopter and three skinned corpses, identified by Dutch as Green Berets out of Fort Bragg that he knew personally. Dutch's team reaches the insurgent camp and kills the insurgents, including a Soviet intelligence officer searching through valuable documents. Confronted by Dutch, Dillon admits the mission was a setup to retrieve intelligence from captured operatives and that the dead military unit disappeared weeks earlier in a failed rescue.

After capturing Anna, a guerrilla, the team proceeds to its extraction point, unaware that it is being tracked with thermal imaging by an unseen observer. Anna escapes and is chased by Hawkins, but they are ambushed by the creature. It spares Anna but kills Hawkins and drags his body away. Dutch organizes a search for Hawkins' body, during which Blain is killed by the creature's plasma weapon. Enraged, Mac initiates a firefight in which the creature is wounded, revealing luminescent green blood. The unit regroups and realizes that something in the jungle is stalking them. Dillon believes more guerrillas are responsible, but Billy is adamant that the perpetrator is not human, an assertion that is met with skepticism. The team makes camp for the night, setting traps in all directions.

That night the traps are set off, and Mac kills a wild pig, mistaking it for the creature. In the confusion, the creature steals Blain's body and Dutch realizes that their enemy uses the trees to travel, stalking them like a predator. A second attempt to capture the creature using traditional trapping techniques such as a net and pitfall actually succeeds but it escapes leaving Poncho injured. Mac and Dillon pursue the alien, but it outmaneuvers and kills them. The creature catches up with the others, killing Billy and Poncho and wounding Dutch. Realizing the creature does not target unarmed prey because there is "no sport" in it, Dutch sends Anna to the helicopter unarmed. The creature pursues Dutch into a river and its cloaking device malfunctions. The creature, now visible, goes within a few feet of a mud-covered Dutch. His thermal signature reduced, Dutch remains unseen by the creature and it moves on. Dutch realizes he can use mud as camouflage.

While the creature collects trophies from the bodies, Dutch crafts traps and weapons and lures the creature out with a war cry and fire. Dutch disables the creature's cloaking device and inflicts minor injuries but falls into a river, losing his mud cover, and is pinned by the creature. Acknowledging Dutch as a worthy foe and wishing to fight him in equal terms because of the policies of his civilization, the creature discards its mask and plasma caster and engages him in hand-to-hand combat. Dutch is almost beaten, but manages to crush the creature under a trap's counterweight. As the creature lies dying, it activates a self-destruct device while laughing maniacally in Billy's voice. Dutch takes cover just before the device explodes. He is picked up by Philips and Anna in the helicopter.

Predator 2 (1990)
Main article: Predator 2

In the record hot summer of 1997, a different Predator arrives in Los Angeles and hunts violent gang members, drawing the attention of the local police force and specifically Lieutenant Harrigan, who pursues the creature as it rampages throughout the city. The creature itself is in turn being hunted by the secretive government task-force OWLF, led by CIA agent Peter Keyes, which wishes to capture it for study.

Predators (2010)
Main article: Predators (film)

A group of notorious mercenaries and murderers find themselves kidnapped and transported to an alien game preserve jungle planet, where they have to learn to work together in order to fight off a band of Super Predators and other alien creatures stalking them and find a way off this world.

The Predator (2018)
Main article: The Predator (film)

Following the crash of a Predator spaceship on Earth, U.S. Army Ranger Quinn McKenna and a team of PTSD-afflicted soldiers must band together to take down a pair of Predators, including a new genetically enhanced Predator, and prevent an invasion of the planet.

Untitled fifth film (TBA)

Producer John Davis said that The Predator would set up two sequels that he hoped Shane Black would return to direct. Concerning this, Black stated that "I would love to say we've been planning a trilogy, but I take one day at a time, in motion-picture terms that's one movie at a time."[16] With the sale of 21st Century Fox's assets, including 20th Century Fox studios, to The Walt Disney Company the future of the series was called into question, though Bob Iger confirmed that certain properties would remain R-rated.[17]

In December 2019, Dan Trachtenberg was announced to be developing a film under the working title of Skulls, with a script from Patrick Aison, set during the American Civil War and following "a Comanche woman who goes against gender norms and traditions to become a warrior".[18] In November 2020, it was revealed that the project will actually be a fifth film in the Predator franchise. Trachtenberg indicated that he had been working on the film since 2016, while the original intention was to market the project without any references to Predator.[19] The Walt Disney Company will produce the project through their 20th Century Studios banner.[20]

Short films
Predator short films
Film U.S. release date Director(s) Screenwriter(s) Producer(s)
Moments of Extraction October 19, 2010 N/A Javier Soto N/A
Crucified October 19, 2010 N/A Javier Soto N/A
Predator vs. Colonial Marines February 25, 2016 Julian Higgins Peter Weidman N/A
The Predator Holiday Special December 18, 2018 David H. Brooks and Alex Kamer Matt Motschenbacher and Matthew Senreich N/A

On October 19, 2010, Predators was released on home video and included the two prequel short films Moments of Extraction and Crucified.[21] On February 25, 2016, Loot Crate (commonly known for producing and distributing various officially licensed merchandise based on the Alien, Predator, Alien vs. Predator, and Prometheus brands) released a VR 360° short film titled Predator vs. Colonial Marines directed by Julian Higgins and written by Peter Weidman in which a troop of Colonial Marines storm a Weyland-Yutani warehouse and encounter the deadly alien hunter.[22][23] The Predator was released on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD formats on December 18, 2018 in America, alongside the short film The Predator Holiday Special, in which Santa Claus and his elves and reindeer encounter the Predators at the North Pole.[24]

Cast and crew

Principal cast
Main article: List of Predator characters
Predator cast
Characters Films Video games
Predator Predator 2 Predators The Predator Predator:
Concrete Jungle		 Predator:
Hunting Grounds
1987 1990 2010 2018 2005 2020
Predators Kevin Peter Hall Derek Mears
(Classic)		 Brian A. Prince
(Fugitive)		 Aimée Leigh Antonio Alvarez
Peter Cullen
(voice)		 Hal Rayle
(voice)		 Brian Steele
(Falconer and Berserker)		 Brian A. Prince
Kyle Strauts
(Ultimate)		 Sarah Brown
Carey L. Jones
(Tracker)
Alan "Dutch" Schaefer Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Schwarzenegger
George Dillon Carl Weathers
Jorge "Poncho" Ramirez Richard Chaves
Mac Eliot Bill Duke
Blain Cooper Jesse Ventura
Billy Sole Sonny Landham
Rick Hawkins Shane Black
Anna Gonsalves Elpidia Carrillo
Homer L. Phillips R. G. Armstrong
Michael "Mike" R. Harrigan Danny Glover
Peter Jacob Keyes Gary Busey
Danny "Danny Boy" Archuleta Rubén Blades
Leona Cantrell María Conchita Alonso
Garber Adam Baldwin
Jerry Lambert Bill Paxton
King Willie Calvin Lockhart
Anthony "Tony" Pope Morton Downey Jr.
Phil Heinemann Robert Davi
Captain B. Pilgrim Kent McCord
Royce Adrien Brody
Isabelle Alice Braga
Edwin Topher Grace
Walter Stans Walton Goggins
Nikolai Mikhalovich Fedorov Oleg Taktarov
Hanzo Louis Ozawa Changchien
Mombasa Mahershala Ali
Cuchillo Danny Trejo
Ronald Noland Laurence Fishburne
Cullen Françoise Yip
Quinn McKenna Boyd Holbrook
Casey Bracket Olivia Munn
Gaylord "Nebraska" Williams Trevante Rhodes
Rory McKenna Jacob Tremblay
Will Traeger Sterling K. Brown
Coyle Keegan-Michael Key
Lynch Alfie Allen
Nettles Augusto Aguilera
Baxley Thomas Jane
Emma McKenna Yvonne Strahovski
Sean H. Keyes Jake Busey Jake Busey
Ellen Louise Ripley Breanna Watkins
Alternate ending[25]
Rebecca "Newt" Jorden
Scarface Jan Johns
Isabella Borgia
MOTHER		 Tasia Valenza
Lucretia Borgia Giselle Loren
Bruno Borgia Fred Tatasciore
El Hongo Armando Valdes-Kennedy
Hunter Borgia David Sobolov
Soldier James Willems

Additional crew
Predator crew
Crew/Detail Film
Predator Predator 2 Predators The Predator
1987 1990 2010 2018
Composer(s) Alan Silvestri John Debney Henry Jackman
Cinematography Donald McAlpine Peter Levy Gyula Pados Larry Fong
Editor(s) John F. Link
Mark Helfrich		 Bert Lovitt
Mark Goldblatt		 Dan Zimmerman Billy Weber
Harry B. Miller III
Production companies Silver Pictures
Davis Entertainment
Lawrence Gordon Productions		 Davis Entertainment
Ingenious Media
Dune Entertainment
Troublemaker Studios		 TSG Entertainment
Davis Entertainment
Distributing company 20th Century Fox

Reception

Box office performance
List indicator
(E) indicates figures based on available information.

Note that the figures in this table are not inflation adjusted

Box office performance of Predator films
Film Release date Grosses Rank
(all time domestic)		 Budget References
United States Non-US Worldwide
Predator June 12, 1987 $59,735,548 $38,532,010 $98,267,558 #1,350 $15 million [26]
Predator 2 November 21, 1990 $30,669,413 $26,450,905 $57,120,318 #2,605 $35 million [27]
Predators July 9, 2010 $52,000,688 $75,232,420 $127,233,108 #1,584 $40 million [28]
The Predator September 14, 2018 $51,024,708 $109,517,426 $160,542,134 #3,051 $88 million [29]
Total $193,430,357 $249,732,761 $443,163,118 N/A $178 million N/A

Critical and public response
Critical reception of Predator films
Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic CinemaScore
Predator 81% (48 reviews)[30] 45 (15 reviews)[31] B+[32]
Predator 2 31% (29 reviews)[33] 46 (18 reviews)[34] B+[32]
Predators 65% (203 reviews)[35] 51 (30 reviews)[36] C+[32]
The Predator 33% (290 reviews)[37] 48 (49 reviews)[38] C+[32]

Music
Soundtracks to Predator films
Title U.S. release date Length Composer(s) Label
Predator: Original Motion Picture Score 1987 69:08 Alan Silvestri TBA
Predator 2: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack December 13, 1990 45:14 Varèse Sarabande
Predators: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack July 5, 2010 68:25 John Debney La-La Land Records
The Predator: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack September 28, 2018 54:00 Henry Jackman Lakeshore Records

Home media
Home media releases for Predator films
Title Format Release date Films References
Predator: Special Edition Collection DVD April 18, 2005 Predator, Predator 2 [39]
Predator: The Ultimate DVD Collection DVD November 17, 2006 Predator, Predator 2, Alien vs. Predator [40]
Predator Collection DVD/Blu-ray formats October 19, 2010 Predator, Predator 2 [41]
Predator Trilogy - Mask Edition Blu-ray December 29, 2010 Predator, Predator 2, Predators [42]
Predator Trilogy DVD March 4, 2011 Predator, Predator 2, Predators [43]
Predator Triple Feature Blu-ray

4K UHD Blu-Ray

 October 7, 2014 Predator, Predator 2, Predators [44]
Predator: 3-Movie Collection August 7, 2018 Predator, Predator 2, Predators [45]
Predator: 4-Movie Collection December 18, 2018 Predator, Predator 2, Predators, The Predator [46]

Other media

There exists a great number of spin-offs in other media, including a large number of crossovers with the Alien franchise.

Novels
Main article: List of Predator (franchise) novels

Several novelizations based upon the movies have been released.

Movie novelizations
  • Predator by Paul Monette, Jove Books, June 1, 1987, ISBN 0-515-09002-6
  • Predator 2 by Simon Hawke, Jove Books, December 1990, ISBN 0-515-10578-3
  • The Predator: Hunters and Hunted by James A. Moore, Titan Books, July 31, 2018 ISBN 978-1785658051
  • The Predator by Christopher Golden & Mark Morris, Titan Books, September 2018, ISBN 978-1785658051

Original novels

Comic books
Main article: List of Predator (franchise) comics

Dark Horse Comics published various lines based on the franchise. The Fire and Stone (2014–2015) and Life and Death (2016–2017) series further explored what happened in the Alien, Predator, Alien vs. Predator, and Prometheus universe following the events of the 2012 film Prometheus. In July 2020, Marvel Comics announced that it had acquired the comic book rights to the Predator franchise, in addition to the rights to the Alien and Alien vs. Predator franchises.[47]

Books

Other books expanding this fictional universe has been released through the years, and also such that depict the background to the films, including works by special effects company Amalgamated Dynamics Incorporated (ADI) which has worked with the Alien, Predator and Alien vs. Predator films.

  • Predator The Official Movie Special (2018)
  • The Predator: The Art and Making of the Film (2018)

Video games
Main article: List of Alien, Predator, and Alien vs. Predator games

Other appearances

Pinball

The Predators have appeared in two virtual pinball tables. The first one is a pinball adaptation of the first two Predator films, one of four pinball tables in the 1999 computer game Sci-Fi Pinball, with the other three tables being based on Aliens, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and The Fly, three other Fox horror films.[50] The second one is a loose pinball adaptation of Alien vs. Predator, developed by Zen Studios and available as an add-on pack for Zen Pinball 2, Pinball FX 2 and Pinball FX 3 on April 26, 2016.[51] Based on the premise and setting (though not the plot) of that film, this table is played entirely from the perspective of a Predator ascending the ranks to become a seasoned warrior and Alien hunter,[52] with two of the film's human leads being the table's announcers.

In the early 2010s, pinball manufacturer SKIT-B attempted to create an unauthorized physical pinball adaptation of the Predator franchise, without securing licensing rights from franchise owner 20th Century Fox. After suffering from legal problems, the pinball table was cancelled on March 24, 2015,[53] and thus, only an few prototypes of the pinball table exists to this day.

Board games
  • Legendary Encounters: A Predator Deck Building Game (2015)[54]

Alien vs. Predator franchise
Main article: Alien vs. Predator (franchise)

Inspired by the Dark Horse Comics series, the filmmakers of Predator 2 (1990) incorporated an easter egg in which an Alien skull was seen in a Predator trophy case. Expansions upon this shared universe between the Alien and Predator franchises followed through comics and video games, leading up to the launch of a film franchise with the release of Alien vs. Predator in 2004, followed by Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem in 2007. The franchise has spawned various comics, novels, video games, and other merchandise based upon or inspired by the films. A third film has been variously rumored since the production of Requiem.[55][56][57] In mid-2018, Shane Black, the director of The Predator, expressed his belief that a third Alien vs. Predator could still happen, indicating the studio's interest in both franchises.[58]

See also

Notes
  1. The film and dialog in its sequel Predator 2 only confine the setting of the first movie to Central America. The map on which General Philips shows Dutch where the helicopter went down (not intended to be identifiable to the audience) shows the Brazilian municipality of Parnaguá and some of the surrounding Chapada das Mangabeiras mountain range area. The novelization of the first film places events as occurring in Guatemala, which is also given as their location in the later sequel Predators.
  2. Dutch's full name is never given in the film although the script, novelization, and some merchandise give his name as Alan "Dutch" Schaefer.

References
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  4. Paur, Joey (2017). "Jean-Claude Van Damme Was Fired From PREDATOR Because He Wouldn't Stop Kickboxing". Geek Tyrant. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
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Further reading
  • Beautiful Monsters: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to the Alien and Predator Films (by David A. McIntee, Telos, 272 pages, 2005, ISBN 1-903889-94-4)
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