Psilocybe graveolens

Psilocybe graveolens is an extremely rare psilocybin mushroom which has psilocybin and psilocin as main active compounds, discovered in the salt marshes or "meadows" of Hackensack, New Jersey. This mushroom is known for its strong and persistent odor.

Psilocybe graveolens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Strophariaceae
Genus:
Psilocybe
Species:
P.  graveolens
Binomial name
Psilocybe graveolens
Psilocybe graveolens
float
Mycological characteristics
gills on hymenium
cap is convex or umbonate
hymenium is adnexed
stipe is bare
spore print is purple-brown
ecology is saprotrophic
edibility: psychoactive

It is in the section Zapotecorum of the genus Psilocybe, other members of this section include Psilocybe muliercula, Psilocybe angustipleurocystidiata, Psilocybe aucklandii, Psilocybe collybioides, Psilocybe kumaenorum, Psilocybe zapotecorum, Psilocybe pintonii, Psilocybe subcaerulipes, Psilocybe moseri, Psilocybe zapotecoantillarum, Psilocybe zapotecocaribaea, and Psilocybe antioquiensis.[1][2]

Etymology

The species name means “strongly smelling”: Latin gravis “heavy” and olens participle present of olere “smell”.

Description
  • Cap: (1)2 — 3(4) cm in diameter, convex to subumbonate, umbonate or with a slight depression, glabrous, even to slightly striate at the margin, hygrophanous, brownish to orange brownish, fading to golden yellow to whitish, sometimes with a dark green hue. Flesh whitish to pallid brownish, with a strong unfavorable odor.
  • Gills: Adnexed, close, yellowish brown to chocolate brown, edges sometimes lighter.
  • Spore Print: Dark purple brown.
  • Stipe: (2)4 – 6 cm x 2 – 5 mm, equal or slightly expanding at the base to subulbous, white to brownish, with dark greenish or violaceous tones. stuffed to hollow, fibrillose, with a soon disappearing evanescent annulus, rhizomorphic strands attached to the base.
  • Taste: Farinaceous
  • Odor: Farinaceous
  • Microscopic features: Spores (7)7.5 — 9.5(10.5) µm x (3.7)4.5 — 5.2(6) µm, pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia present. Basidia 4-spored.

Distribution and habitat

Psilocybe graveolens is found growing cespitose to gregarious on rich loam of salt marshes or "meadows" in Hackensack, New Jersey, in November.

References
  1. Guzmán, Gastón (2012). "New Taxonomical and Ethnomycological Observations on Psilocybe S.S. From Mexico, Africa and Spain" (PDF). Acta Botanica Mexicana. 100: 79–106. doi:10.21829/abm100.2012.32.
  2. Ramírez-Cruz, Virginia; Guzmán, Gastón; Villalobos-Arámbula, Alma Rosa; Rodríguez, Aarón; Matheny, Brandon; Sánchez-García, Marisol; Guzmán-Dávalos, Laura (2013). "Phylogenetic inference and trait evolution of the psychedelic mushroom genus Psilocybe sensu lato (Agaricales)". Botany. 91 (9): 573–591. doi:10.1139/cjb-2013-0070.
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