Punatitan

Punatitan (meaning "thin atmosphere giant") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Ciénaga del Río Huaco Formation of La Rioja, Argentina. It contains one species, Punatitan coughlini.[1]

Punatitan Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, Campanian–Maastrichtian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	Saurischia
Suborder:	†Sauropodomorpha
Clade:	†Sauropoda
Clade:	†Eusauropoda
Clade:	†Neosauropoda
Clade:	†Macronaria
Clade:	†Titanosauria
Clade:	†Lithostrotia
Clade:	†Aeolosaurini
Genus:	†Punatitan Hechenleitner et al., 2020
Type species
†Punatitan coughlini Hechenleitner et al., 2020

Etymology

The generic name Punatitan refers to the oxygen-depleted atmosphere characteristic of the Andes. The specific name refers to geologist Tim Coughlin, who first reported dinosaur fossils in the discovery locality.

Description

Known from the holotype CRILAR-Pv 614 (Paleovertebrate Collection of Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja, Argentina), a partial skeleton composed of the anterior portion of posterior cervical vertebra (likely C12), two middle dorsal vertebrae (likely D6–D7), a partial sacrum, 13 articulated caudal vertebrae (some with articulated haemal arches), the right pubis, the left ischium, and several dorsal ribs, Punatitan was roughly 14 metres (46 ft) long.[1]

Classification

The describers' phylogenetic analysis places Punatitan as a derived member of the Lithostrotia, in the clade Aeolosaurini, which they recover as a subclade of Rinconsauria, opposite to other cladograms. Notably, Punatitan was recovered within a clade consisting of two species of the genus Aeolosaurus, but the describers refrained from assigning it to said genus, instead regarding the more basal species' ("A." maximus) placement in Aeolosaurus dubious. Their cladogram is shown below.

Lithostrotia

Malawisaurus       Epachthosaurus     Eutitanosauria   Dreadnoughtus           Rapetosaurus       Isisaurus     Tapuiasaurus         Saltasauridae     Colossosauria   Baurutitan         Bonitasaura       Notocolossus     Lognkosauria       Rinconsauria   Rinconsaurus       Muyelensaurus   Aeolosaurini     Overosaurus       "Aeolosaurus"       Punatitan     Aeolosaurus             Bravasaurus     Trigonosaurus     Gondwanatitan     Uberabatitan

Paleoenvironment

The holotype locality, the Quebrada de Santo Domingo site, preserves one of the largest concentrations of titanosaur eggs in the world. The describing authors suggest some connection with either Punatitan or its contemporary Bravasaurus, which was described in the same paper.

References

1. E. Martín Hechenleitner; Léa Leuzinger; Agustín G. Martinelli; Sebastián Rocher; Lucas E. Fiorelli; Jeremías R. A. Taborda; Leonardo Salgado (2020). "Two Late Cretaceous sauropods reveal titanosaurian dispersal across South America". Communications Biology. 3 (1): Article number 622. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01338-w. PMC 7591563. PMID 33110212.