Ranishwar

Ranishwar is a community development block that forms an administrative division in the Dumka Sadar subdivision of the Dumka district in Jharkhand, India.

This article is about the community development block in Jharkhand, India. For its namesake village, see Ranishwar, Dumka.
Ranishwar

Raneshwar
Community development block
Ranishwar
Location in Jharkhand, India
Ranishwar
Ranishwar (India)
Coordinates: 24°1′52″N 87°25′11″E
Country India
StateJharkhand
DistrictDumka district
Government
 • TypeFederal democracy
Area
 • Total346.24 km2 (133.68 sq mi)
Elevation
80 m (260 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total101,667
 • Density290/km2 (760/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialHindi, Urdu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
814148
Telephone code06434
Vehicle registrationJH XX
Sex ratio969 ♂/♀
Literacy47.54%%
Climatewarm-temperate (Köppen)
Lok Sabha constituencyDumka
Vidhan Sabha constituencySikaripara
Websitedumka.nic.in

Geography

Ranishwar is located at 24°1′52″N 87°25′11″E.[1]

Ranishwar is 43 km from Dumka, the district headquarters.

Dumka district is a plateau region. It is divided into four micro subregions. The Dumka-Godda Uplands covers Saraiyahat, Jarmundi, Jama, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and parts of Ramgarh, Dumka and Masalia CD blocks. Scattered hillocks with forests are spread over the region with elevation above mean sea level varying from 274 to 753 metres (899 to 2,470 ft). The Deoghar Uplands covers only parts of Masalia CD block. The area has large number of hillocks covered with forests. The Rajmahal Hills, spread over the north-eastern part of the district, covers Ramgarh, Dumka, Kathikund and Gopikandar CD blocks. The Pakur Uplands, in the eastern part of the district, with a height of 31 metres (102 ft) above mean sea level, covers parts of Gopikandar and Kathikund CD blocks. The two blocks, named last, also fall under the Damin-i-koh region of Santhal Parganas.[2]

Ranishwar CD block is bounded by Shikaripara CD block on the north, Mohammad Bazar CD block in Birbhum district, West Bengal, on the east, Suri I and Rajnagar CD blocks in Birbhum district on the south, and Masalia and Dumka on the west.[3][4]

Ranishwar CD block has an area of 346.74 km2.[5]Ranishwar and Tongra police stations serve this block.[6] Headquarters of this CD block is at Ranishwar village.[7]

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Ranishwar CD block had a total population of 101,667, all of which were rural. There were 51,115 (50%) males and 50,552 (50%) females. Population below 6 years was 15,478. Scheduled Castes numbered 7,978 (7.85%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 45,890 (45.14%).[8]

Literacy

Ranishwar has an average literacy rate of 47.54, lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 59.54% and, female literacy is 35.12%. In Dumka, 18% of the population is under 6 years of age. The gender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 19.42%.

See also – List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate

Language and religion

In 2001, Santali was the mother-tongue of 660,233 persons in Dumka district, forming 41.17% of the population, followed by Hindi with 615,667 persons (38.39%) and Bengali with 327,714 persons (20.44%). Other languages had small numbers of speakers.[9]

The population in the block is predominantly Bengali speaking due to its close proximity with West Bengal. The block is considered the centre of the Bengali language movement in Jharkhand.[10]

Hindi is the official language in Jharkhand and Urdu has been declared as an additional official language.[11]

In 2011, Hindus numbered 1,044,726, forming 69.60% of the population of Dumka district followed by Muslims with 106,865 persons (8.09%), Christians with 86,404 persons (6.54%) and other religions/ religion not stated with 83,447 (6.31%).[9]

Rural poverty

60-70% of the population of Dumka district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005, being in the same category as Ranchi and Jamtara districts.[12] Rural poverty in Jharkhand declined from 66% in 1993–94 to 46% in 2004–05. In 2011, it has come down to 39.1%.[13]

Economy

Livelihood

Livelihood
in Ranishwar CD block

  Cultivators (21.84%)
  Agricultural labourers (62.07%)
  Household industries (3.18%)
  Other Workers (12.91%)

In Raniswar CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 9,829 and formed 21.84%, agricultural labourers numbered 27,928 and formed 62.07%, household industry workers numbered 1,430 and formed 3.18% and other workers numbered 5,809 and formed 12.91%. Total workers numbered 49,996 and formed 44.26% of the total population. Non-workers numbered 56,671 and formed 55.74% of total population.[14]

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers and entertainment artistes.[15]

Infrastructure

There are 191 inhabited villages in Ranishwar CD block. In 2011, 78 villages had power supply. 32 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 186 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 183 villages had hand pumps, and all villages had drinking water facility. 28 villages had post offices, 3 villages had sub post offices, 25 villages had telephones (land lines), 16 villages had public call offices and 81 villages had mobile phone coverage. 181 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 42 villages had bus service (public/ private), 1 village had railway station, 1 village had autos/ modified autos, and 51 villages had tractors. 9 villages had bank branches, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 5 villages had cinema/ video halls, 5 villages had public library and public reading rooms. 60 villages had public distribution system, 11 villages had weekly haat (market) and 66 villages had assembly polling stations.[16]

Agriculture

Dumka district is a rural dominated area with a large population residing in the villages. "Agriculture practices are the main source of income for the rural people of the district."[17] It is a hilly district receiving considerably high rainfall (1088mm to 1244mm annual average), resulting in a considerable vegetative cover. Ruthless exploitation of forests has reduced them to bushes without any big trees. Only 6.42% of the agricultural lands are irrigated by wells and tanks. Major crops in the district are paddy, maize and wheat.[18] The availability of land has been a major problem. "The Santals have played an important part in the reclamation of land." The District Gazetteer of the Santal Parganas (1938) writes, "In the olden areas, from which he (the Santal) moved on at an earlier date, he seems to have done the first clearing of the jungle, and the first rough sloping of shapes and levels. The more civilised Bengali, Bihari and upcountry immigrant came at his heels, pushed him off the land by force, cajolery, trickery, seized upon his improvements by the application of larger capital or steadier labour developed the embryo bandhs and tanks into works of considerable size,"[19]

In Ranishwar CD block, 58.47% of the total area was cultivable area and 31.51% of the cultivated area was irrigated area.[20]

Backward Regions Grant Fund

Dumka district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund created by the Government of India is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.[21][22]

Education

Ranishwar CD block had 14 villages with pre-primary schools, 167 villages with primary schools, 61 villages with middle schools, 6 villages with secondary schools, 3 villages with senior secondary schools, 1 village with general degree college, 23 villages with no educational facility.[16]
.*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Mayurakshi Gramin College, affiliated with Sido Kanhu Murmu University, was established at Ranishwar.[23]

Healthcare

Ranishwar CD block had 3 villages with primary health centres, 31 villages with primary health subcentres, 1 village with maternity and child welfare centre, x village with TB clinic, 2 villages with allopathic hospitals, 1 village with dispensary, 1 village with veterinary hospital, 1 villages with family welfare centre, 8 villages with medicine shops.[16]
.*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

References
  1. "Raneswar, India Page". fallingrain.com. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
  2. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 8: Physical aspects, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  3. "Dumka CD block/ tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  4. "Birbhum CD block/ tehsil map". Maps of India. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  5. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 25: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  6. "District Police Profile - Dumka". Jharkhand Police. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  7. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Map of Dumka on the third page. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  8. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII B" (PDF). Page 25: District primary census abstract, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  9. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 20: Note on Mother-tongue, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  10. Sarkar, Gautam: Campaign to save Bangla, The Telegraph, August 28, 2002.
  11. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  12. "Rural Poverty in Jharkhad, India" (PDF). Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  13. "Eliminating poverty" (PDF). Jharkhand government. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  14. "District Census Handbook, Dumka" (PDF). Tables 34, 30 Series 21, Part XII A, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  15. "District Census Handbook 2011 Dumka, Series 21 Part XII A" (PDF). Page 11: Census Concepts. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  16. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Pages 567-571 Appendix I: Village Directory. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  17. "Geospatial Approach for Agroforestry Suitability Mapping: To Enhance Livelihood and Reduce Poverty, FAO based Documented Procedure (Case Study of Dumka District, Jharkhand, India)". Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  18. "Dumka district" (PDF). Page 5: Agriculture and Land Use. National Bureau of Soil and Land Use Planning (ICAR) Regional Centre, Kolkata. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  19. Roy Choudhary, P.C. "Bihar District Gazettteers: Santal Parganas". Agriculture and Irrigation, page 196,197. Secretariat Press, Patna, 1965. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  20. "District Census Handbook, Dumka, Series 21, Part XII A" (PDF). Page 52, Table 41: Distribution of villages according to land-use, 2011 census. Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  21. "Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines" (PDF). Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  22. "Backward Regions Grant Fund". Press Release, 14 June 2012. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  23. "Our Affiliated Colleges". Sido Kanhu Murmu University. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
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